A new spirostane, namely neohelicomyine B (1), together with six known steroids (2–7) were isolated from the fermentation of fungus Neohelicomyces hyalosporus. The structures of these compounds were ...elucidated by extensive analyses of spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The bioactivities of compounds 1–7 were evaluated using cellular assays. Compound 1 displayed moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells (hepatoma cells) with IC50 value of 8.4±2.1 μM. Compound 7 also exhibited cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells with the IC50 value of 3.0±0.2 μM.
This paper is the second in a series focused on providing a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. It focuses on 25 phytopathogenic genera:
Alternaria
,
Bipolaris
,
Boeremia
,
...Botryosphaeria
,
Calonectria
,
Coniella
,
Corticiaceae
,
Curvularia
,
Elsinoe
,
Entyloma
,
Erythricium
,
Fomitiporia
,
Fulviformes
,
Laetisaria
,
Limonomyces
,
Neofabraea
,
Neofusicoccum
,
Phaeoacremonium
,
Phellinotus
,
Phyllosticta
,
Plenodomus
,
Pseudopyricularia
,
Tilletia
,
Venturia
and
Waitea
, using recent molecular data, up to date names and the latest taxonomic insights. For each genus a taxonomic background, diversity aspects, species identification and classification based on molecular phylogeny and recommended genetic markers are provided. In this study, varieties of the genus
Boeremia
have been elevated to species level.
Botryosphaeria
,
Bipolaris
,
Curvularia
,
Neofusicoccum
and
Phyllosticta
that were included in the One Stop Shop 1 paper are provided with updated entries, as many new species have been introduced to these genera.
This study deals with an extensive taxonomic reevaluation focusing on phylogenetic relationships and morphological characterization of Tubeufiales, especially those helicosporous hyphomycetes which ...are difficult to identify. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce 13 new genera in the family Tubeufiaceae,
viz. Acanthotubeufia
,
Dematiohelicoma
,
Dematiohelicomyces
,
Dematiohelicosporum
,
Dematiotubeufia
,
Helicoarctatus
,
Helicohyalinum
,
Helicotruncatum
,
Neochlamydotubeufia
,
Neohelicoma
,
Pleurohelicosporium
,
Pseudohelicomyces
and
Pseudohelicoon
; transfer
Chaetosphaerulina
from Dothideomycetes genera
incertae sedis
, and
Artocarpomyces
and
Helicodochium
from Ascomycetes genera
incertae sedis
into Tubeufiaceae; introduce 52 new species,
viz. Berkleasmium fusiforme
,
B. longisporum
,
Chlamydotubeufia cylindrica
,
Dematiohelicosporum guttulatum
,
Helicoarctatus aquaticus
,
Helicodochium aquaticum
,
Helicohyalinum infundibulum
,
Helicoma aquaticum
,
H. brunneisporum
,
H. cocois
,
H. rufum
,
H. fusiforme
,
H. longisporum
,
H. multiseptatum
,
H. rubriappendiculatum
,
H. septoconstrictum
,
H. tectonae
,
Helicomyces hyalosporus
,
Helicosporium aquaticum
,
H. flavisporum
,
H. setiferum
,
H. vesicarium
,
H. viridiflavum
,
Neochlamydotubeufia fusiformis
,
Neohelicomyces hyalosporus
,
Neohelicosporium acrogenisporum
,
N. astrictum
,
N. ellipsoideum
,
N. irregulare
,
N. krabiense
,
N. laxisporum
,
N. ovoideum
,
Pleurohelicosporium parvisporum
,
Pseudohelicomyces aquaticus
,
P. hyalosporus
,
Tubeufia abundata
,
T. bambusicola
,
T. brevis
,
T. brunnea
,
T. chlamydospora
,
T. dictyospora
,
T. eccentrica
,
T. fangchengensis
,
T. hechiensis
,
T. inaequalis
,
T. krabiensis
,
T. rubra
,
T. sessilis
,
T. sympodihylospora
,
T. sympodilaxispora
,
T. taiwanensis
and
T. tratensis
; provide 43 new combinations,
viz. Acanthohelicospora guianensis
,
Acanthotubeufia filiforme
,
Berkleasmium aquatica
,
B. guangxiense
,
B. latisporum
,
B. thailandicum
,
Dematiohelicoma perelegans
,
D. pulchrum
,
Dematiohelicomyces helicosporus
,
Dematiotubeufia chiangraiensis
,
Helicohyalinum aquaticum
,
Helicoma elinorae
,
H. gigasporum
,
H. hongkongense
,
H. linderi
,
H. nematosporum
,
H. pannosum
,
H. serpentinum
,
Helicomyces chiayiensis
,
Helicotruncatum palmigenum
,
Neochlamydotubeufia khunkornensis
,
Neohelicoma fagacearum
,
Neohelicomyces pallidus
,
Neohelicosporium abuense
,
N. aurantiellum
,
N. griseum
,
N. morganii
,
N. myrtacearum
,
N. nizamabadense
,
N. sympodiophorum
,
N. taiwanense
,
N. vesiculiferum
,
Pseudohelicomyces indicus
,
P. paludosus
,
P. talbotii
,
Pseudohelicoon gigantisporum
,
P. subglobosum
,
Tubeufia dentophora
,
T. geniculata
,
T. lilliputea
,
T. machaerinae
,
T. sympodiophora
and
T. xylophila
; introduce 16 new records,
viz. Dictyospora thailandica
,
Helicomyces colligatus
,
H. torquatus
,
Neohelicosporium guangxiense
,
N. hyalosporum
,
N. parvisporum
,
Thaxteriellopsis lignicola
,
Tubeufia aquatica
,
T. chiangmaiensis
,
T. cylindrothecia
,
T. filiformis
,
T. guangxiensis
,
T. laxispora
,
T. parvispora
,
T. roseohelicospora
and
T. tectonae
. The taxonomy of
Helicoma
,
Helicomyces
and
Helicosporium
is revisited based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological evidence.
Neorhamphoria
is transferred to Bezerromycetaceae. Three species are excluded from the genus
Chlamydotubeufia
, twelve species from
Helicoma
, four species from
Helicomyces
, 25 species from
Helicosporium
, six species from
Neoacanthostigma
and one species from
Tubeufia
. A multi-gene phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1α sequence data of species of Tubeufiales is provided. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided, as well as the morphological comparison with similar taxa are explored. The checklist of accepted Tubeufiales species and re-organised Tubeufiales species are provided.
The family
Pleosporaceae
includes numerous saprobic, opportunistic human, and plant pathogenic taxa. The classification of genera and species
Pleosporaceae
has been a major challenge due to the lack ...of a clear understanding of the importance of the morphological characters used to distinguish taxa as well as the lack of reference strains. Recent treatments concluded that
Pleospora
and some other genera in
Pleosporaceae
are likely polyphyletic. In order to establish the evolutionary relationships and to resolve the polyphyletic nature of
Pleospora
and allied genera, we sequenced the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, GAPDH, RPB2 and TEF1-alpha gene regions of
Pleosporaceae
species and phylogenetically analysed this data. Multigene phylogenies strongly support the monophyletic nature of
Pleosporaceae
among the other families in
Pleosporale
s, and the acceptance of the genera
Alternaria, Bipolaris, Clathrospora, Comoclathris, Curvularia, Dactuliophora, Decorospora, Diademosa, Exserohilum, Extrawettsteinina, Gibbago, Neocamarosporium, Paradendryphiella, Platysporoides, Pleospora, Porocercospora, Pseudoyuconia
and
Pyrenophora. Austropleospora
,
Dendryphion
,
Edenia
and
Macrospora
are excluded from the family based on morphology coupled with molecular data. Two novel species,
Alternaria murispora
in this paper and
Comoclathris sedi
are introduced. The sexual morph of
Alternaria alternata
is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections. The paraphyletic nature of
Pleospora
is resolved based on the available morpho-molecular data, but further sampling with fresh collections, reference or ex-type strains and molecular data are needed to obtain a natural classification of genera and the family.
Helicosporous hyphomycetes have the potential to produce a variety of bioactive compounds. However, the strain resources of this fungal group are relatively scarce, which limits their further ...exploitation and utilization. In this study, based on phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1α sequence data and the morphology from 11 isolates, we introduce four new species of helicosporous hyphomycetes,
, and
, as well as three new records,
, and
. Detailed morphological comparisons of the four new species that distinguish them are provided.
Endophytic fungi are an important source of novel antitumor substances. Previously, we isolated an endophytic fungus, Alternaria alstroemeria, from the medicinal plant Artemisia artemisia, whose ...crude extracts strongly inhibited A549 tumor cells. We obtained a transformant, namely AaLaeAOE26, which completely loses its antitumor activity due to overexpression of the global regulator AaLaeA. Re‐sequencing analysis of the genome revealed that the insertion site was in the noncoding region and did not destroy any other genes. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the level of secondary antitumor metabolic substances was significantly lower in AaLaeAOE26 compared with the wild strain, in particular flavonoids were more downregulated according to the metabolomics analysis. A further comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that a gene encoding FAD‐binding domain protein (Fla1) was significantly downregulated. On the other hand, overexpression of AaFla1 led to significant enhancement of antitumor activity against A549 with a sevenfold higher inhibition ratio than the wild strain. At the same time, we also found a significant increase in the accumulation of antitumor metabolites including quercetin, gitogenin, rhodioloside, liensinine, ginsenoside Rg2 and cinobufagin. Our data suggest that the global regulator AaLaeA negatively affects the production of antitumor compounds via controlling the transcription of AaFla1 in endophytic A. alstroemeria.
During an investigation of
from southern China, 10 xylariales-like taxa have been collected. Morphological and multi-gene analyses confirmed that these taxa reside in
and represent eight novel taxa ...and two new records belonging to six genera
.,
, and
gen. nov.).
gen. nov. was proposed to accommodate
sp. nov. Among the other collections, seven new species were introduced (
.,
sp. nov.,
sp. nov.,
sp. nov.,
sp. nov.,
sp. nov.,
sp. nov., and
sp. nov.), while two were reported as new records from China (
and
). For
, the traditional taxonomic approach based on morphology may not be applicable.
Abstract The genus Xylaria comprises a diverse group of fungi with a global distribution and significant ecological importance, known for being a source of bioactive secondary metabolites with ...antibacterial, antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and additional properties. In this study, we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the species of Xylaria found in some parts of southern China, characterized by an extensive multilocus phylogeny analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), TUB2 (β‐tubulin), and DNA‐directed RNA polymerase II subunit 2 ( rpb2 ) gene regions. Morphological examination and detailed comparative analyses of the collected specimens were conducted to determine the distinctiveness of each species. The multilocus phylogeny approach allowed us to infer evolutionary relationships and assess species boundaries accurately, leading to the identification of 40 novel Xylaria species hitherto unknown to science. The newly described species are: X. baoshanensis , X. bawanglingensis , X. botryoidalis , X. dadugangensis , X. doupengshanensis , X. fanglanii , X. glaucae , X. guizhouensis , X. japonica , X. jinghongensis , X. jinshanensis , X. kuankuoshuiensis , X. liboensis , X. negundinis , X. orbiculati , X. ovata , X. pseudoanisopleura , X. pseudocubensis , X. pseudobambusicola , X. pseudoglobosa , X. pseudohemisphaerica , X. pseudohypoxylon , X. puerensis , X. qianensis , X. qiongzhouensis , X. rhombostroma , X. serratifoliae , X. shishangensis , X. shuqunii , X. shuangjiangensis , X. sinensis , X. tongrenensis , X. umbellata , X. xishuiensis , X. yaorenshanensis , X. yinggelingensis , X. yumingii , X. yunnanensis , X. zangmui , and X. zonghuangii . The study's findings shed light on the distinctiveness of the newly described species, supported by both morphological distinctions and phylogenetic relationships with their close relatives. This taxonomic revision significantly contributes to our understanding the diversity of Xylaria in China and enriches the knowledge of fungal biodiversity worldwide.
