Organic solid electrolytes offer an effective route for safe and high‐energy‐density all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries. However, it remains a challenge to devise a new strategy to promote the ...dissociation of strong ion pairs and the transport of ionic components in organic solid electrolytes. Herein, a zwitterionic covalent organic framework (Zwitt‐COF) with well‐defined chemical and pore structures is prepared as a solid electrolyte capable of accelerating the dissociation and transport of Li ions. The Zwitt‐COF solid electrolyte exhibits a high room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 1.65 × 10−4 S cm−1 with a wide electrochemical stability window. Besides, the Zwitt‐COF solid electrolyte displays stable Li plating/stripping behavior via effective inhibition of the formation of Li dendrites and dead Li, leading to superior long‐term cycle performance with retention of 99% discharge capacity and 98% Coulombic efficiency in an all‐solid‐state Li‐metal battery. Theoretical simulations reveal that the incorporation of zwitterionic groups into COF can facilitate the dissociation of strong ion pairs and reconstruct the AA‐stacking configuration by dissociative adsorption of Li+ ions on Zwitt‐COF producing linear hexagonal ion channels in the Zwitt‐COF solid electrolyte. This strategy based on Zwitt‐COF can provide an alternative way to construct various solid‐state Li batteries.
A zwitterionic covalent organic framework (Zwitt‐COF) is developed as a solid electrolyte for all‐solid‐state Li‐metal batteries. The Zwitt‐COF solid electrolyte exhibits a high room‐temperature ionic conductivity with a wide electrochemical window, leading to superior long‐term cycle performance in the battery. Theoretical simulations reveal that Zwitt‐COF promotes the dissociation of Li‐ion pairs and provides ion channels for effective Li+ transport.
Colloidal particles with controlled shape and internal structure have attracted great attention due to their novel morphologies and various potential applications. Among the diverse synthetic ...strategies toward anisotropically shaped polymer particles, facile and accurate engineering of such structures remains challenging. This review highlights the synthetic approaches to manipulate the shape of polymer particles driven by phase separation in emulsions upon solvent evaporation. And, special attention is given to the thermodynamic and kinetic principles of particle shape control, followed by detailed experimental examples and their applications. Major synthetic strategies for the preparation of nonspherical block copolymer (BCP) particles by evaporation of solvent from BCP‐containing emulsions are discussed as follows: engineering of i) interfacial properties of the confining emulsion droplets, ii) particle (or droplet) size, iii) segregation behavior of BCPs within the droplet, and iv) solvent‐induced BCP self‐assembly kinetics (i.e., solvent evaporation rate). Next, functionalized BCP particles produced by careful design of the chemical structures of polymer or by incorporation of functional additives into the polymer matrix are introduced. Finally, this review article aims to present the challenging issues associated with current methods and future directions for research in this field.
The recent progress on the synthetic strategies for the preparation of anisotropically shaped polymer particles by the emulsion‐solvent evaporation approach is reviewed herein. In particular, the thermodynamic (surfactant properties, particle size, and polymer segregation behavior) and kinetic (solvent manipulation) parameters affecting the shape of polymer particles are described with related theoretical explanations, examples, and potential applications.
An effective chemical way to optimize the oxygen electrocatalyst and Li‐O2 electrode functionalities of metal oxide can be developed by the control of chemical bond nature with the surface anchoring ...of highly oxidized selenate (SeO42−) clusters. The bond competition between (Se6+−O) and (Mn−O) bonds is quite effective in stabilizing Jahn–Teller‐active Mn3+ state and in increasing oxygen electron density of α‐MnO2 nanowire (NW). The selenate‐anchored α‐MnO2 NW shows excellent oxygen electrocatalytic activity and electrode performance for Li‐O2 batteries, which is due to the improved charge transfer kinetics and reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2. The present study underscores that the surface anchoring of highly oxidized cluster can provide a facile, effective way of improving the oxygen electrocatalyst and electrochemical performances of nanostructured metal oxide in Li‐O2 cells.
An effective method to optimize the oxygen electrocatalyst and Li‐O2 electrode performances of nanostructured manganese oxide involves controlling the bonding nature with SeO42− anchoring. The competition between Se6+−O and Mn−O bonds is effective in improving the electrocatalyst and electrode functionalities of α‐MnO2 nanowire.
Modulating lithium metal deposition is vital for the realization of stable and energy‐dense Li–metal batteries. Ionic liquid (IL) has been regarded as a promising electrolyte additive for a uniform ...Li deposition because its cation moiety forms a lithiophobic protective layer on Li protuberant tips. Despite recent advances in ILs for Li metal batteries, rational designs for IL additives are still in their infancy, and further improvement is required. Here, a new class of self‐assembled protective layer based on the design of a new IL molecule enabling high‐performance Li–metal batteries is reported. For the first time, symmetric design of lithiophobic side chains is introduced to the IL cations. This symmetric design creates a self‐assembled lithiophobic protective layer on Li protuberant tips, resulting in the smooth deposition of Li. Thus, the symmetric IL enables stable cycling of Li–LiFePO4 and Li–LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) batteries with an average Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.8% over 600 cycles. In addition, the symmetric IL enables a practical thin Li (40 µm)‐NCM622 cell with an energy density of ≈658 Wh kg‐1 based on the cathode mass in a coin‐type battery. This work proposes a design protocol for IL‐based additives and provides a prospective way to highly efficient, long‐lasting Li–metal batteries.
A novel ionic liquid (IL) modified by symmetric alkyl chains is employed as an electrolyte additive to control Li deposition. The symmetric alkyl chains to IL cation mitigate the self‐agglomeration and create a densely assembled lithiophobic layer on protuberance tips. This compact protection layer formed by symmetric ILs effectively controls the smooth Li deposits, enabling long‐lasting, practical, and full‐cell batteries.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) events commonly occur in individuals with a low CV risk burden. This study evaluated the ability of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index to predict subclinical ...coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic subjects without traditional CV risk factors (CVRFs).
This retrospective, cross-sectional, and observational study evaluated the association of TyG index with CAD in 1250 (52.8 ± 6.5 years, 46.9% male) asymptomatic individuals without traditional CVRFs (defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg; fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL; total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL; body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m
; current smoking; and previous medical history of hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia). CAD was defined as the presence of any coronary plaque on coronary computed tomographic angiography. The participants were divided into three groups based on TyG index tertiles.
The prevalence of CAD increased with elevating TyG index tertiles (group I: 14.8% vs. group II: 19.3% vs. group III: 27.6%; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that TyG index was associated with an increased risk of CAD (odds ratio OR 1.473, 95% confidence interval CI 1.026-2.166); especially non-calcified (OR 1.581, 95% CI 1.002-2.493) and mixed plaques (OR 2.419, 95% CI 1.051-5.569) (all P < 0.05). The optimal TyG index cut-off for predicting CAD was 8.44 (sensitivity 47.9%; specificity 68.5%; area under the curve 0.600; P < 0.001). The predictive value of this cut-off improved after considering the non-modifiable factors of old age and male sex.
TyG index is an independent marker for predicting subclinical CAD in individuals conventionally considered healthy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An efficient way to improve the electrocatalyst and Li–O2 battery performances of metal oxide is developed by an exquisite synergistic control over structural disorder and surface bonding nature. The ...effects of amorphous nature and surface chemical environment on the functionalities of metal oxide are systematically investigated with well‐crystalline and amorphous MnO2 nanocrystals with/without surface anchoring of highly oxidized iodate clusters. The amorphous MnO2 nanocrystal containing anchored iodate clusters shows much better performance as an oxygen evolution electrocatalyst and cathode catalyst for Li–O2 batteries than both iodate‐free amorphous and well‐crystalline homologues, underscoring the remarkable advantage of simultaneous enhancement of structural disorder and surface electron density. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopic analysis demonstrates the promoted formation of double (MnO) bond, a critical step of oxygen evolution reaction, upon amorphization caused by the poor orbital overlap inside highly disordered crystallites. The beneficial effects of iodate anchoring and amorphization on electrocatalyst functionality are attributable to the alteration of surface bonding character, stabilization of Jahn–Teller active Mn3+ species, and enhanced charge transfer of interfaces. The present study underscores that fine‐tuning of structural disorder and surface bonding nature provides an effective methodology to explore efficient metal oxide‐based electrocatalysts.
An efficient methodology to optimize the oxygen electrocatalyst and Li–O2 battery performance of metal oxide is developed via synergistic control of structural disorder and surface bonding nature. The simultaneous amorphization and iodate anchoring are effective in improving electrocatalyst/electrode functionalities of δ‐MnO2 via stabilization of Mn3+ state, enhanced interaction with oxygen, increased surface electron density, and improved charge transfer kinetics.
The characteristics of animal distribution are determined by interactions between the resource requirements of animals and ecological factors. This study sought to evaluate the effects of diverse ...ecological factors on the home range and core area of red-backed voles (Myodes regulus) in a natural deciduous forest located on Mt. Gariwang, Pyeongchang and Jeongseon, South Korea. Our study focused on four types of ecological factors: topography, climate, cover, and demography. A total of 29 voles were radio-tracked from August to September 2021. Home range (95% utilization distribution; UD) and core area (50% UD) were calculated using the kernel density estimator (KDE). The home range (1659.49 m
) and core area (317.08 m
) were negatively affected by altitude. The lunar phase and temperature negatively and positively influenced the home range and core area, respectively. The home range was positively affected by understory vegetation, whereas the core area was not. The core area increased within microhabitats with a high density of conspecific individuals, with males having a larger home range (2006.19 m
) and core area (375.40 m
) than females (1043.13 m
and 213.39 m
, respectively). These findings provide a deeper understanding of the diverse ecological factors affecting the distributions of animals, especially small rodents.
Due to anatomic proximity to the surgical site, iatrogenic trauma to the frontal branch of the facial nerve (FbFN) with resultant brow paralysis is a recognized major complication of temporal direct ...browplasty. This study was aimed to elucidate the course of the FbFN in the area superolateral to the brow in order to facilitate safer temporal direct browplasty by preventing facial nerve injury. Forty-five hemifaces from 32 embalmed Korean cadavers were dissected. A horizontal line connecting the tragion to lateral canthus was established. Then, an oblique line passing through the lateral canthus and 45° to the horizontal line was used as reference line. The mean distance from the lateral canthus to the points where the FbFN cross the reference line was measured. The angle between the FbFN and reference line at the crossing points were also recorded. After crossing the zygomatic arch, FbFN continues in an anteriorly inclining curve across the temporal region, passing near the lateral end of the brow as it heads toward frontalis muscles. During the course, the FbFN laying in the innominate fascial layer was divided into 3 branches. The anterior and posterior branch of FbFN crossed the reference line superiorly and laterally at 3 and 4 cm from the lateral canthus, respectively. In conclusion, the oculofacial surgeon must bring the dissection plane of the forehead tissue more superficially around the 3 cm superolaterally to the lateral canthus in the direction of 45° from the horizontal line in order to avoid nerve injury.
A sensitive and accurate analytical method was developed and validated to detect bambermycin, a commonly used antibiotic in animal feed and livestock. The presence of bambermycin residues in food ...products can pose health risks to consumers, emphasizing the need for a sensitive and accurate analytical method. A reversed‐phase analytical column was utilized with a mobile phase comprising 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 5% acetonitrile (A) and 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate in 95% acetonitrile (B) to achieve effective chromatographic separation. Quantitative determination of bambermycin in various samples, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, eggs, flatfish, eel, and shrimp, was performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Sample extraction involved a mixture of methanol and a 25% ammonium hydroxide solution, followed by low‐temperature purification and phospholipid removal utilizing a Phree cartridge. The method exhibited a satisfactory recovery rate ranging from 69% to 100%. Validation results demonstrated the reliability, robustness, and accuracy of the method, exhibiting good linearity, precision, and recovery. This validated method can be applied for routine analysis of bambermycin residues, assisting in the development of effective monitoring and control measures to ensure the safety of livestock and aquatic products.
A two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
)-based gas sensor was decorated with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) for high sensitivity and low limit of detection (LOD) for specific gases (NH
3
and H
2
S). ...The two-dimensional MoS
2
film was grown at 400°C using metal organic gas vapour deposition. To fabricate the MoS
2
gas sensor, an interdigitated Au/Ti electrode was deposited using the electron beam (e-beam) evaporation method with a stencil mask. The MoS
2
gas sensor without metal decoration sensitively detects NH
3
and H
2
S gas down to 2.5 and 30 ppm, respectively, at room temperature (RT). However, for improved detection of NH
3
and H
2
S gas, we investigated the functionalization strategy using metal decoration. Pt NP decoration modulated the electronic properties of MoS
2
, significantly improving the sensitivity of NH
3
and H
2
S gas by 5.58× and 4.25×, respectively, compared with the undecorated MoS
2
gas sensor under concentrations of 70 ppm. Furthermore, the Pt NP-decorated MoS
2
sensor had lower LODs for NH
3
and H
2
S gas of 130 ppb and 5 ppm, respectively, at RT.
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