Background: Information on nonsaphenous superficial venous reflux is lacking. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of reflux in nonsaphenous veins, their association and correlation ...with risk factors, and signs and symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Methods: Information on 835 limbs in patients with signs and symptoms of CVD were prospectively entered into a customized database. These patients had been referred from the venous clinic to the vascular laboratory for color-flow duplex scanning evaluation of the lower-limb veins. All patients were examined for reflux in the standing and sitting positions. Nonsaphenous reflux was defined as that in superficial veins that are not part of the greater or lesser saphenous systems. Particular attention was paid to the patterns of reflux and anatomy of the nonsaphenous veins from the proximal to the distal ends, including their connections with the saphenous and deep veins. Results: Nonsaphenous venous reflux was found in 84 limbs (10%) of 72 patients, 67 of whom were women. The mean number of pregnancies in these patients was higher than that of 100 randomly selected women with saphenous reflux (3.2 vs 2.2). According to CEAP classification, 90% of the limbs were in CVD classes 1 through 3 and only 10% had skin damage (classes 4-6). Symptoms were present in 67 limbs (80%). Forty-two limbs (50%) had reflux in tributaries of lateral, posterior, and medial thigh. These veins were connected with perforators uniting with the deep femoral, femoral, and muscular veins of the thigh in 36 limbs. Reflux in these perforators was detected in 19 limbs. Reflux arising from the pelvic veins was found in 29 limbs (34%), 18 of which were from vulvar veins medial to saphenofemoral junction and 11 of which were from veins in the gluteal area. Incompetent veins from the sciatic nerve were found in nine limbs (10%). Reflux in the vein of the popliteal fossa was found in seven limbs (8%). Reflux in knee tributaries was detected in three limbs (4%), two of which were connected with posterolateral knee perforators and one with the posterior tibial nerve veins. Conclusions: The prevalence of nonsaphenous reflux in our practice was 10%. The vast majority of these patients (93%) were women with a mean of 3.2 pregnancies. Ninety percent of these limbs have signs and symptoms assigned to CVD classes 1 to 3. These data may simply reflect the referral pattern, but also a possible association with female sex and number of pregnancies. The unusual anatomy of these veins stresses the importance of color-flow duplex scanning before surgery. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:872-7.)
Abstract
Background
CT-P13 is the world’s first approved biosimilar infliximab for all indications of the reference infliximab. The purpose of this study was to assess long term safety and ...effectiveness of CT-P13 intravenous (IV) in patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). We now present the result of safety and effectiveness of CT-P13 in patient with CD, UC for up to 5 years from this longitudinal, observational, prospective cohort Phase IV study.
Methods
The study was conducted from 17 April 2014 to 28 February 2020 in 22 and 21 study centres, in Korea and European Union, respectively. Patients were administered 5 mg/kg of CT-P13 by IV at weeks 0, 2 and 6 and every 8 weeks thereafter. The primary objective was to evaluate adverse events of special interest (AESI) including HBV reactivation, congestive heart failure, opportunistic infections, serious infection including sepsis, tuberculosis, serum sickness (delayed hypersensitivity reactions), hematologic reactions, systemic lupus erythematosus/lupus like syndrome, demyelinating disorders, lymphoma, hepatobiliary events, hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTCL), intestinal or perianal abscess (in CD), serious infusion reactions during a re-induction regimen following disease flare, sarcoidosis/sarcoid-like reactions, paediatric malignancy, leukaemia, malignancy, colon carcinoma, dysplasia (in UC), skin cancer, pregnancy exposure and bowel stenosis, stricture and obstruction (in CD).
Results
A total of 470 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were analysed. Overall 352 (74.9%) patients have been continuously treated for more than 1 year and the mean duration of drug exposure was 26.3 months. The safety profile of CT-P13 and switching from the reference infliximab to CT-P13 was well-tolerated. A total of 329 (70.0%) patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). Adverse events of special interest of CT-P13 were analysed by safety analysis set (Table 1). Immunogenicity testing was optional and 72 (15.3%) patients had at least one ADA positive after first infusion of study drug. The incidence of TEAEs in ADA positive subset (83.3%) were slightly higher compared to the incidence of TEAEs in ADA negative subset (76.6%). The effectiveness results of clinical remission for each indication was generally well maintained after the study drug administration (Table 2).
Conclusion
The results show that CT-P13 was well-tolerated and efficacious in IBD patients. There was no new safety and effectiveness findings in patients who have been exposed to CT-P13 or patients who have switched treatment from the reference infliximab to CT-P13.
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is known to induce serious oxidative damage in the skin via lipid peroxidation. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by keratinocytes, melanocytes and endothelial cells in ...response to proinflammatory cytokines and UV radiation, has been reported to prevent UV‐induced apoptosis in the skin. We have examined the effects of NO on UVB‐induced lipid peroxidation in murine skin in vivo. UVB induced a dose‐dependent increase in lipid peroxidation of skin extracts in vitro; however, lipid peroxidation in the skin in vivo remained unaffected at irradiation doses of less than 1·0 J cm−2 and decreased significantly at doses over 1·5 J cm−2 (P < 0·01). Time‐delayed inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the skin in vivo was observed after irradiation at 1·5 J cm−2. Administration of N G‐nitro‐
l‐arginine methyl ester (
L‐NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthesis, enhanced lipid peroxidation (P < 0·05), while it suppressed the ear‐swelling response (ESR), a biological marker of inflammation. By contrast, administration of sodium nitroprusside, an NO enhancer, suppressed lipid peroxidation (P < 0·01), while it enhanced the ESR. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was observed from 12 to 48 h postirradiation at doses of 0·4–1·6 J cm−2. The UVB‐induced iNOS expression was markedly inhibited by
L‐NAME, suggesting that iNOS is a major enzyme in the production of NO. These results suggest that NO acts as a mediator of the inflammatory response in UVB‐irradiated skin, and that lipid peroxidation is inversely regulated with the NO‐mediated inflammatory response in vivo.
Multiple lines of evidence indicate a strong genetic contribution to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Current guidelines for clinical genetic testing recommend a G-banded karyotype to detect ...chromosomal abnormalities and fragile X DNA testing, but guidelines for chromosomal microarray analysis have not been established.
A cohort of 933 patients received clinical genetic testing for a diagnosis of ASD between January 2006 and December 2008. Clinical genetic testing included G-banded karyotype, fragile X testing, and chromosomal microarray (CMA) to test for submicroscopic genomic deletions and duplications. Diagnostic yield of clinically significant genetic changes was compared.
Karyotype yielded abnormal results in 19 of 852 patients (2.23% 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.73%-2.73%), fragile X testing was abnormal in 4 of 861 (0.46% 95% CI: 0.36%-0.56%), and CMA identified deletions or duplications in 154 of 848 patients (18.2% 95% CI: 14.76%-21.64%). CMA results for 59 of 848 patients (7.0% 95% CI: 5.5%-8.5%) were considered abnormal, which includes variants associated with known genomic disorders or variants of possible significance. CMA results were normal in 10 of 852 patients (1.2%) with abnormal karyotype due to balanced rearrangements or unidentified marker chromosome. CMA with whole-genome coverage and CMA with targeted genomic regions detected clinically relevant copy-number changes in 7.3% (51 of 697) and 5.3% (8 of 151) of patients, respectively, both higher than karyotype. With the exception of recurrent deletion and duplication of chromosome 16p11.2 and 15q13.2q13.3, most copy-number changes were unique or identified in only a small subset of patients.
CMA had the highest detection rate among clinically available genetic tests for patients with ASD. Interpretation of microarray data is complicated by the presence of both novel and recurrent copy-number variants of unknown significance. Despite these limitations, CMA should be considered as part of the initial diagnostic evaluation of patients with ASD.
We investigated a focused ion beam nanofabrication technique as a high-resolution patterning method suitable for nanocontact imprinting. Different ion beam currents, milling times, and dwell times ...are exploited to optimize focused ion beam milling conditions. Single-pixel lines are milled on a silicon master and replicated on polydimethylsiloxane through replica molding. The profile of the grooves (the depth-to-width aspect ratio) was found to be depth dependent regardless of the beam current and dwell time. The depth of the line cuts was strongly dependent upon beam current and dwell time at a given dose. This technique holds great promise for mass production of nanostructures due to its simplicity and high reproducibility.
Abstract
Background
There are a few studies about the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and atopic dermatitis (AD). It implies that both diseases have common pathophysiologic ...mechanisms and can affect each other. However, little information is available on the effect of AD on the clinical course of patients with IBD.
Methods
This is a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Patients with concurrent IBD and AD were defined as case group. AD was defined as chronic eczematoid dermatosis diagnosed by dermatologists. Age-, gender-, and IBD subtype-matched patients without AD were included as reference group. The ratio of the case and reference group is 1:2.
Results
The numbers of patients in the case and reference group were 61 and 122, respectively. There was a significantly shorter biologics-free survival in the case group than that in the reference one after the multivariable adjusted Cox regression analysis with the onset age, disease duration, smoking status, use of steroid, use of immunomodulator, presence of other allergic diseases and initial disease severity hazard ratio (HR) 1.743, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.048-2.901, p = 0.032. The trend was shown consistently in the subgroup analysis with ulcerative colitis (HR 4.769, 95% CI 1.625-13.995, p = 0.004), but not with Crohn’s disease (HR 1.393, 95% CI 0.736-2.636, p = 0.308).
Conclusion
AD showed a significant effect on the biologics-free survival of patients with IBD, especially UC. Further mechanistic research is required to elucidate the pathogenesis of AD on the clinical course of IBD.
Anisotropic ceramics-bonded Nd-Fe-B-type magnet with high electrical resistivity was fabricated with the intention of suppressing induction of eddy current thus lowering operating temperature of the ...magnet used as rotor magnet in high-speed motor. The ceramics-bonded Nd-Fe-B-type magnet was fabricated by consolidating mixture of hydrogenation decomposition desorption recombination powder and oxide ceramics with the low melting point. Anisotropic ceramics-bonded (15 vol%) Nd-Fe-B-type magnet had remarkably enhanced electrical resistivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim 730~\mu \Omega \cdot \text {cm} </tex-math></inline-formula>) with respect to the magnet without ceramics binder (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim 220~\mu \Omega \cdot \text {cm} </tex-math></inline-formula>). Thanks to low-temperature consolidation of Nd-Fe-B-type particles using oxide ceramic binder with low melting point, the detrimental reaction between the magnetic particle surface and oxide was profoundly suppressed, thus retaining the high coercivity of initial magnetic particles even in the ceramics-bonded magnets. Ceramics-bonded (15 vol%) magnet, which had good room temperature magnetic performance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\mathrm {i}}H_{\mathrm {c}}= 12.7 </tex-math></inline-formula> kOe, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">M_{\mathrm {r}}= 9.4 </tex-math></inline-formula> kG, and (BH)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\mathrm {max}}= 17.0 </tex-math></inline-formula> MGOe) still had reasonably good performance <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\mathrm {i}}H_{\mathrm {c}}= 5.0 </tex-math></inline-formula> kOe, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">M_{\mathrm {r}}= 8.7 </tex-math></inline-formula> kG, and (BH)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">_{\mathrm {max}}= 10.2 </tex-math></inline-formula> MGOe at 150 °C.
The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of the transverse single-spin asymmetries, AN, for inclusive jets and identified ‘hadrons within jets’ production at midrapidity from transversely ...polarized pp collisions at ps = 200 GeV, based on data recorded in 2012 and 2015. The inclusive jet asymmetry measurements include AN for inclusive jets and AN for jets containing a charged pion carrying a momentum fraction z > 0.3 of the jet momentum. The identified hadron within jet asymmetry measurements include the Collins effect for charged pions, kaons and protons, and the Collins-like effect for charged pions. The measured asymmetries are determined for several distinct kinematic regions, characterized by the jet transverse momentum pT and pseudorapidity η, as well as the hadron momentum fraction z and momentum transverse to the jet axis jT . These results probe higher momentum scales (Q2 up to ~ 900 GeV2) than current, semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering measurements, and they provide new constraints on quark transversity in the proton and enable tests of evolution, universality and factorization breaking in the transverse-momentumdependent formalism.
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