Organs and organelles represent core biological systems in mammals, but the diversity in protein composition remains unclear. Here, we combine subcellular fractionation with exhaustive tandem mass ...spectrometry-based shotgun sequencing to examine the protein content of four major organellar compartments (cytosol, membranes microsomes, mitochondria, and nuclei) in six organs (brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and placenta) of the laboratory mouse,
Mus musculus. Using rigorous statistical filtering and machine-learning methods, the subcellular localization of 3274 of the 4768 proteins identified was determined with high confidence, including 1503 previously uncharacterized factors, while tissue selectivity was evaluated by comparison to previously reported mRNA expression patterns. This molecular compendium, fully accessible via a searchable web-browser interface, serves as a reliable reference of the expressed tissue and organelle proteomes of a leading model mammal.
Introduction: Gingival thickness plays a very important role in framing the protocol in various dental treatments such as implantology, prosthodontics, and more importantly in periodontics. During ...periodontal management, it is important to consider the gingival thickness of the patient, which can result in more satisfactory treatment outcomes. Smoking has its effect on periodontium, affecting the physical and functional properties. Assessing the relation between these two entities is becoming important. This clinical study is sought to compare the thickness of gingiva in systemically healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 periodontally healthy patients were divided into smokers and nonsmokers, and subdivided into Group 1 (18-25 years), Group 2 (26-39 years), and Group 3 (>40 years). Gingival thickness was assessed 6 mm from the gingival margin in the midbuccal area between maxillary central and lateral incisor. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the difference in gingival thickness among smokers and nonsmokers and correlated with age. Results: The results showed the presence of changes in gingival thickness for all the age groups. But, a significant P value was not obtained for the age groups 18-25 and 26-39 years. In >40 years of age group, there was a statistically significant change in the P value (0.008) of the mean and standard deviation in smokers and nonsmokers ( significance: P < 0.001). Conclusion: On the basis of the results of this study, gingival thickness was decreased with age among smokers and nonsmokers. This study also proved that smoking has a negative influence on the gingival thickness.
Iatrogenic trauma though not serious is very common in dental practice. Orthodontic treatment can inflict such injuries as they are prolonged over a long period of time. Ill-fabricated orthodontic ...appliances, such as wires and brackets, or the patients' habits such as application of constant pressure over the appliance can traumatize the adjacent oral soft tissues. In rare cases, these appliances can get embedded into the mucosa and gingival tissues. This case report describes one such case of iatrogenic trauma to the palatal mucosa due to entrapment of a tongue spike appliance and its surgical management.
IntroductionMonash University’s health researchers are at the forefront of Health, Epidemiological and Translational research. Powered by research funding of over $69 million per year, Monash ...encompasses 13+ registries, 44+ clinical trials and 47+ cohort studies underpinned by complex multimodal, large and often sensitive datasets. Many of these research activities are occurring in isolation. Opportunities exist to better deliver higher impact research at scale through capacity building in data sharing.
Objectives and ApproachWe have designed this session to demonstrate how significant investment in health data platform infrastructure by a University, can support best practice in data linkage and health research.
ResultsContent will include:
An overview of Helix – people as a platform, research stakeholders, and key capabilities.
Institutional data governance and sharing capabilities – linking two or more researcher held datasets exampled by a use-case of linking biobank data to a clinical registry dataset.
Monash Helix data linkage working group – established to develop a community of practice to advance data linkage capabilities across Monash with a focus on: knowledge sharing; ethics, governance and data security; analytic training; and improved access to external administrative datasets.
Secure eResearch Platform (SeRP) – developed by Swansea University who have partnered with Monash University to bring their best practice framework and technologies in managing sensitive health data to Monash researchers and their national and international collaborators.
Future directions - participation in defining the strategic priorities of the Health Studies National Data Asset Program by creating distributed data infrastructure capability to develop, share and link FAIR data collections from the government, research and health care sectors.
Conclusion/ImplicationsThe session will facilitate discussions on how we can build on these activities, both nationally and internationally, to develop a community of practice around knowledge sharing and best practice in data linkage.
Defective mobilization of Ca2+ by cardiomyocytes can lead to cardiac insufficiency, but the causative mechanisms leading to congestive heart failure (HF) remain unclear. In the present study we ...performed exhaustive global proteomics surveys of cardiac ventricle isolated from a mouse model of cardiomyopathy overexpressing a phospholamban mutant, R9C (PLN-R9C), and exhibiting impaired Ca2+ handling and death at 24 weeks and compared them with normal control littermates. The relative expression patterns of 6190 high confidence proteins were monitored by shotgun tandem mass spectrometry at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of disease progression. Significant differential abundance of 593 proteins was detected. These proteins mapped to select biological pathways such as endoplasmic reticulum stress response, cytoskeletal remodeling, and apoptosis and included known biomarkers of HF (e.g. brain natriuretic peptide/atrial natriuretic factor and angiotensin-converting enzyme) and other indicators of presymptomatic functional impairment. These altered proteomic profiles were concordant with cognate mRNA patterns recorded in parallel using high density mRNA microarrays, and top candidates were validated by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Mapping of our highest ranked proteins against a human diseased explant and to available data sets indicated that many of these proteins could serve as markers of disease. Indeed we showed that several of these proteins are detectable in mouse and human plasma and display differential abundance in the plasma of diseased mice and affected patients. These results offer a systems-wide perspective of the dynamic maladaptions associated with impaired Ca2+ homeostasis that perturb myocyte function and ultimately converge to cause HF.
Interferome v2.0 (http://interferome.its.monash.edu.au/interferome/) is an update of an earlier version of the Interferome DB published in the 2009 NAR database edition. Vastly improved computational ...infrastructure now enables more complex and faster queries, and supports more data sets from types I, II and III interferon (IFN)-treated cells, mice or humans. Quantitative, MIAME compliant data are collected, subjected to thorough, standardized, quantitative and statistical analyses and then significant changes in gene expression are uploaded. Comprehensive manual collection of metadata in v2.0 allows flexible, detailed search capacity including the parameters: range of -fold change, IFN type, concentration and time, and cell/tissue type. There is no limit to the number of genes that can be used to search the database in a single query. Secondary analysis such as gene ontology, regulatory factors, chromosomal location or tissue expression plots of IFN-regulated genes (IRGs) can be performed in Interferome v2.0, or data can be downloaded in convenient text formats compatible with common secondary analysis programs. Given the importance of IFN to innate immune responses in infectious, inflammatory diseases and cancer, this upgrade of the Interferome to version 2.0 will facilitate the identification of gene signatures of importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Context: Invasion of the bifurcation and trifurcation of the multi-rooted teeth resulting in furcation involvement is one of the serious complications of periodontitis. Aim: The purpose of the study ...was to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy using anorganic bovine bone graft and resorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane versus open flap debridement alone in the management of Grade II furcation defects in mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: The study included a total number of 20 sites in 10 patients with bilateral mandibular furcation defects, out of which 10 sites were treated as test group and 10 as control group. The test group was treated with combination therapy and the control group with open flap debridement alone. The parameters were recorded on 0 day (baseline), 90th day, and 180th day, which included vertical probing depth and horizontal probing depth of the furcation defect, clinical attachment level, and defect fill. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean and standard deviation were calculated for different variables in each study group at different time points. Mean values were compared by using Wilcoxon signed ranks test, after adjusting the P values for multiple comparison by using Bonferroni correction method. Results: Both the test and control groups showed a definitive improvement in clinical parameters, which was statistically significant. On comparison, the vertical probing depth showed significant reduction in the test group with a mean reduction of 3.1 +- 0.7 mm, when compared to the control group which showed a mean reduction of 1.5 +- 0.5 mm. The horizontal probing depth of furcation defects was also significantly reduced in the test group with a mean reduction of 2.2 +- 0.6 mm, when compared to the control group in which the mean reduction was 0.9 +- 0.3 mm. There was also significant gain in attachment level in the test group which showed a mean gain of 3.2 +- 0.6 mm, when compared to the control group which showed a gain of 1.2 +- 0.6 mm. Radiographic defect fill was found to be more in the test group with a mean gain of 2.0 +- 0.1 mm, when compared to the control group which showed a defect fill of 0.2 +- 0.1 mm. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the combined use of anorganic bovine bone graft and resorbable GTR membrane is effective than open flap debridement alone in the treatment of mandibular grade II furcation defects.
Interactive agents are becoming increasingly common in many application domains, such as education, healthcare and personal assistance. The success of such embodied agents relies on their ability to ...have sustained engagement with their human users. Such engagement requires agents to be socially intelligent, equipped with the ability to understand and reciprocate both verbal and non-verbal cues. While there has been tremendous progress in verbal communication, mostly driven by the success of speech recognition and question-answering, teaching agents to appropriately react to facial expressions has received less attention. In this paper, we focus on non-verbal facial cues for face-to-face communication between a user and an embodied agent. We propose a method that automatically learns to update the agent's facial expressions based on the user's expressions. We adopt a learning scheme and train a deep neural network on hundreds of videos, containing pairs of people engaging in a conversation, and without external human supervision. Our experimental results show the efficacy of our model in sustained long-term prediction of the agent's facial landmarks. We present comparative results showing that our model significantly outperforms baseline approaches and provide insightful human studies to better understand our model's qualitative performance. We release our dataset to further encourage research in this field.
The research was performed for the clinical and computerized tomography (CT) assessment of cortico-cancellous block allograft in the reconstruction of lateral alveolar ridge width deficiency prior to ...placement of dental implants.
Ten patients who had atrophic mandibular ridge necessitating bone augmentation prior to implant placement were randomly selected, and corticocancellous block allografts were used to augment the lateral ridge deficiency. The grafted site was assessed clinically and with CT preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Surgical re-entry was done after 6 months for dental implant placement.
During the 6-month evaluation period, all the block allografts had integrated well with the host tissue. Clinically, all the grafts were found to be firm in consistency, well-incorporated, and vascularized. Both the clinical and CT measurements showed increase in bone width. The dental implants had good primary stability.
Bone-block allografts can be employed as a marked graft material for the management of lateral ridge defects.
During precise and accurate surgical methods, this type of bone graft can be safely used in regions of implant placement as a convenient alternative to autogenous grafts.
Recognizing proxemics in personal photos Yi Yang; Baker, S.; Kannan, A. ...
2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
2012-June
Conference Proceeding
Proxemics is the study of how people interact. We present a computational formulation of visual proxemics by attempting to label each pair of people in an image with a subset of physically based ..."touch codes." A baseline approach would be to first perform pose estimation and then detect the touch codes based on the estimated joint locations. We found that this sequential approach does not perform well because pose estimation step is too unreliable for images of interacting people, due to difficulties with occlusion and limb ambiguities. Instead, we propose a direct approach where we build an articulated model tuned for each touch code. Each such model contains two people, connected in an appropriate manner for the touch code in question. We fit this model to the image and then base classification on the fitting error. Experiments show that this approach significantly outperforms the sequential baseline as well as other related approches.
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