Recent models of cognition in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) predict that trauma-related, but not neutral, processing should be differentially affected in these patients, compared to ...trauma-exposed controls. This study compared a group of 50 patients with PTSD related to the war in Bosnia and a group of 50 controls without PTSD but exposed to trauma from the war, using the DRM method to induce false memories for war-related and neutral critical lures. While the groups were equally susceptible to neutral critical lures, the PTSD group mistakenly recalled more war-related lures. Both false and correct recall were related more to depression than to self-rated trauma. Implications for accounts of false memories in terms of source-monitoring are discussed.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing not only motor dysfunction but also cognitive, psychiatric, autonomic and sensory disturbances. Depression is the most common ...psychiatric disturbance identified in patients with PD and has been shown to be more common in PD than in other chronic and disabling disorders, occurring in approximately 40% of PD patients. However, the prevalence and clinical features associated with depression in PD remain controversial. Dementia is increasingly recognized as a symptom associated with idiopathic PD, and is found in up to 40% of all patients suffering from that condition. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive and dementia symptoms in PD patients. The study included 35 consecutive patients with PD, 13 (37.4%) male and 22 (62.6%) female (mean age 62.9 ± 11.0, range 36-85 years), mean duration of disease 4.7 ± 2.9 (range 1-10) years, hospitalized during one year at Clinical Department of Neurology, Tuzla University Clinical Center, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for assessment of cognitive deterioration and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for depression. Computerized tomography was performed in all patients. According to BDI scale, depressive symptoms were present in all 35 PD patients: minimal in 4 (11.4%), low in 7 (20%), moderate in 8 (22.8%), severe in 9 (25.4%) and extreme in 7 (20%) patients. On MMSE scale, 9 (25.4%) patients were free from cognitive deterioration and 26 (74.6%) patients had moderate to severe deterioration, but 21 (60%) patients (7 (33.33%) male and 14 (66.66%) female) had symptoms of dementia (MMSE score ≤ 23). Using MMSE scale, 8 (22.8%) patients were free from dementia and 27 (77.2%) patients had some cognitive deterioration. Very mild symptoms of dementia were found in 6 (25.9%) and overt features of dementia in 21 (74.1%) PD patients. So, out of 35 PD study patients, 21 (60%) (7 (33.3%) male and 14 (66.7%) female) had symptoms of dementia (MMSE score ≤ 23). In conclusion, depressive and dementia symptoms are common in PD patients.
Depression in patients with epilepsy Tahirovic,Senija; Kapidzić,Maide; Kapidzić,Almasa
Uluslararası bilimsel araştırmalar dergisi (Online),
20/Güz , Letnik:
3, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Depression is the most common psychiatric co-morbidity in people with epilepsy, but often remains unrecognized. The aims of the study were to investigate differences in level and severity of ...depression between patients with epilepsy and healthy control group. The study explores understanding on specific socio economic factors that might contribute to depression and compare differences among patients with epilepsy and control group. The sample consisted of 100 adult patients with epilepsy from University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina and 100 adult volunteers without any diagnosis. Level of depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The questionnaire about demographic and specific socio economic data (gender, employment, education, marital status) was used.Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher Beck’s depression inventory than controls. The minimal depression was less frequent, but mild, moderate and severe depression was more frequent in subjects with epilepsy.In both group females and males showed similar distribution of BDI. Females and males with epilepsy showed significantly higher BDI than in control group. Patients with epilepsy showed similar distribution among subject regarding education. Employed and unemployed subjects among patients with epilepsy showed similar distribution of BDI. In control group, unemployed subjects showed significantly higher BDI. Beck Depression Inventory had similar distribution regarding marital status in both groups. The subjects that are married, in relationship or without relationship showed significantly lower BDI. There are statistically significant differences in level and severity of depression between epileptic patients and healthy subjects in control group. Hypothesis that there are statistically significant differences in specific socioeconomic factors that are related to depression among patients with epilepsy and control group is partially confirmed.
Aim: To evaluate localization of certain zones of craniocerebral trauma and determine their importance for genesis of posttraumatic epilepsy. Patients and Methods: Study encompassed 50 war veterans, ...with craniocerebral trauma and posttraumatic epilepsy. Control group included 50 war veterans, with war craniocerebral injury who have not experienced epileptic seizures. The craniocerebral trauma zone in every patient was registered by computerized tomography (CT) of the brain at the Clinic for Radiology of the University Clinical Centre Tuzla. For statistical analysis it was used x2 test. Results: Average age in examinees' group was 29.92 (± 8.91); while in control group was 29.98 (± 9.97) (p>0.05). Both, injury at several lobes and post-traumatic epilepsy were registered in 22 (44%) patients as well as in 8 (16%) patients in control group, which represents extra statistical significance (p< 0.05). Frontal lobe trauma in examinees' group had 7 (14%) patients and 15 (30%) patients in control group (p> 0.05). Temporal lobe trauma in examinees group had equal number of patients 6 in each (12%); parietal lobe injury was found in 14 (28%) patients with epilepsy and 11 (22%) patients without posttraumatic epilepsy (p> 0.05). Occipital lobe injury had one patient with posttraumatic epilepsy (2%) and 10 (20%) veterans in control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trauma of several brain lobes at the same time increases the possibility of posttraumatic epilepsy. Trauma of certain brain lobes is not significant risk factor for posttraumatic epilepsy, but trauma of occipital lobe is significantly more represented in group of patients without posttraumatic epilepsy.
The aim of this retrospective study was to establish clinical characteristics of first febrile convulsions in children admitted to Department of Pediatrics in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and ...diagnosed with febrile convulsions in the period from January 1, 1999 till December 31, 2004.
Data were collected from medical records of the children admitted to Department of Pediatrics in Tuzla during the study period. The study included 716 medical records of children aged from one month to 7 years, analyzed for the following data: type of seizure (simple or complex), clinical manifestation of the convulsion (tonic-clonic, tonic, atonic, partial unilateral), body temperature after convulsion, and the length of convulsion. Of laboratory tests, the findings indicating possible infection and electroencephalogram (EEG) results were analyzed. Study subjects were divided into four age groups: 1-12 months (infants), 13 months to 2.9 years (young), 3 to 4.9 years (middle) and 5-7 years (older) groups. The chi2-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used on testing statistical significance of between-group differences. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Simple febrile convulsions were found in 88.8% and complex febrile convulsions in 11.2% of children (p = 0.0016). Tonic-clonic seizures were recorded in 90% and atonic in 8.6% of cases (p < 0.0001). Body temperature immediately after febrile convulsions ranged between 38 degrees C and 41.5 degrees C. Kruskal-Wallis test produced no statistically significant difference between the groups tested. Febrile convulsions lasted up to 5 minutes in 73.5% of cases, with the highest recorded in younger group (76.7%); 17.3% of children had seizures lasting between 6 and 10 minutes, mostly in older group (39%). Normal EEG findings were recorded in 96.9%, specifically altered findings in 1.4% and non-specifically altered findings in 1.7% of patients.
The significantly higher prevalence of simple febrile convulsions as compared with complex forms and tonic-clonic seizure as the most common clinical manifestation of the attacks, recorded in the present study, were also confirmed in previous retrospective and prospective studies. It occurs with elevated body temperature above 38 degrees C. In the greatest proportion of children, it lasted for up to 15 minutes, and most children with febrile convulsions had normal EEG findings.
Data on the clinical characteristics of first febrile convulsions in the Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, recorded in the present study, may prove useful on planning the programs of pediatric health care in the region.
Parkinsonova bolest (PB) je neurodegenerativna bolest koja uzrokuje ne samo motorne nego i kognitivne, psihijatrijske, autonomne i senzorne poremećaje. Depresija je najrašireniji psihijatrijski ...poremećaj koji se identificira kod PB. Pokazano je da je rašireniji u PB (pojavljuje se u oko 40% bolesnika) nego u drugim kronično onesposobljavajućim bolestima. Međutim, učestalost i klinička prezentacija depresivnosti u PB su još uvijek na neki način kontroverzna podoručja. Nadalje, demencija se sve više prepoznaje kao simptom udružen s idiopatskom PB. Njezino pojavljivanje utvrđeno je u oko 40% ovih bolesnika. Cilj je ove studije bio utvrditi učestalost depresivnih i dementnih simptoma u PB. Analizirano je 35 bolesnika s PB, 13 (37.41%) muškog i 22 (62.49%) ženskog spola (prosječene dobi 62.9}11.3 godine, raspon 36-85 godina), prosječnog trajanja bolesti od 4.7}2.9 godina (raspon 1-10 godina), koji su bili hospitalizirani u jednogodišnjem razdoblju na Klinici za neurologiju Univerzitetskoga kliničkog centra u Tuzli (Bosna i Hercegovina). Za procjenu kognitivne deterioracije korišten je upitnik za Mini Mental Status (MMS), a za depresiju Beckova ljestvica za depresiju. Kod svih bolesnika je napravljena kompjutorizirana tomografija mozga. Prema Beckovoj ljestvici za depresiju, depresivni su simptomi bili prisutni u svih 35 ispitivanih bolesnika s PB: minimalno u 4 (11.4%), nisko u 7 (20%), umjereno u 8 (22.8%), teško u 9 (25.4%) i naglašeno u 7 (20%) bolesnika. Prema ljestvici MMS, bez kognitivne deterioracije je bilo 8 (22.8%), a sa stanovitim kognitivnim poremećajem 27 (77.2%) bolesnika. S umjerenom kognitivnom deterioracijom je bilo 6 (25.9%) bolesnika, a s jasnim znacima demencije 21 (74.1%) bolesnik s PB. Dakle, od 35 analiziranih PB bolesnika simptomi demencije (MMS ≤23) utvrđeni su u 21 (60%) bolesnika (muškaraca 7 ili 33.3%, žena 14 ili 66.7%). U zaključku, depresivni i dementni simptomi su rašireni u Parkinsonovoj bolesti.
To evaluate localization of certain zones of craniocerebral trauma and determine their importance for genesis ofposttraumatic epilepsy.
Study encompassed 50 war veterans, with craniocerebral trauma ...and posttraumatic epilepsy. Control group included 50 war veterans, with war craniocerebral injury who have not experienced epileptic seizures. The craniocerebral trauma zone in every patient was registered by computerized tomography (CT) of the brain at the Clinic for Radiology of the University Clinical Centre Tuzla. For statistical analysis it was used chi2 test.
Average age in examinees' group was 29.92 (+/- 8.91); while in control group was 29.98 (+/- 9.97) (p > 0.05). Both, injury at several lobes and post-traumatic epilepsy were registered in 22 (44%) patients as well as in 8 (16%) patients in control group, which represents extra statistical significance (p < 0.05). Frontal lobe trauma in examinees' group had 7 (14%) patients and 15 (30%) patients in control group (p > 0.05). Temporal lobe trauma in examinees group had equal number of patients 6 in each (12%); parietal lobe injury was found in 14 (28%) patients with epilepsy and 11 (22%) patients without posttraumatic epilepsy (p > 0.05). Occipital lobe injury had one patient with posttraumatic epilepsy (2%) and 10 (20%) veterans in control group (p < 0.05).
Trauma of several brain lobes at the same time increases the possibility of posttraumatic epilepsy. Trauma of certain brain lobes is not significant risk factor for posttraumatic epilepsy, but trauma of occipital lobe is significantly more represented in group of patients without posttraumatic epilepsy.
Numerous studies showed EEG changes in patients with Parkinson's disease, in comparison with healthy subjects of same age. The most often presented change is generalised (or localised) slowing of ...frequency.
To show the correlation of EEG frequency and Mini Mental Status (MMS) in patients with Parkinson's disease.
32 patients with Parkinsons disease were analysed. An average age was 64.63 +/- 10.01 years, and most of them were men (24 or 75%). On the basis of MMS score, two groups were selected: with and without signs of dementia. For both groups, EEG frequency values were determined.
There were 11 patients without dementia (MMS score = 23-30) with average age of 64.63 +/- 9.54 years; and with dementia (MMS score < 24) 21 patients (average age was 62.71 +/- 10.04 years). In patients without dementia, diffuse slowing down of frequency was found in one patient (9.1%); localised in three (90.9%). In dementia patients, four patients (19.04%) had diffuse slowing of EEG and seven (80.96%) had localised. A positive correlation of EEG frequency and MMS score was found (r = 0.46), and Parkinson's disease patients with dementia had more frequently EEG with slowing frequency than non-dementia patients.
EEG slowing frequency is more frequent in Parkinson's disease patients with than without dementia.
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