Established normative data on the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) (A. Petersen and others, 1988) of two population-based birth cohorts of Finnish twin boys and girls assessed at ages 11-12 and 14 ...years (complete data for 664 boys and 681 girls). Also reports longitudinal analyses of the associations between pubertal development and substance use. (SLD)
We studied the occurrence of nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) after the age of 4 years, using a questionnaire in a well-defined population, the Finnish Twin Cohort, which consists of 11,220 subjects ...aged 33-60 years, including 1298 monozygotic and 2419 dizygotic twin pairs. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to estimate variance components to compare different genetic models. Females reported enuresis in childhood "often" in 3.4% (males in 4.0%) and "sometimes" in 5.7% (8.0%). As adults, females had experienced enuresis "weekly" in 0.3% (males in 0.2%) and "monthly" in 0.07% (0.1%). Those who had experienced enuresis in childhood had had "at least sometimes" enuresis as adults in 5.4% of males and in 5.5% of females. Among those who reported they never had experienced enuresis as adults, 70.8% of males and in 77.9% of females had never experienced enuresis in childhood. For enuresis in childhood, the probandwise concordance rate was 0.43 for monozygotic and 0.19 for dizygotic pairs, and in adults 0.25 and 0, respectively. The proportion of total phenotypic variance attributed to genetic influences (due to dominance) was 67% in males (95% confidence interval 57-76%) and 70% in females (61-78%) in childhood enuresis. In conclusion, nocturnal enuresis is common in childhood and rare in adulthood. Our results confirm the central role of genetic liability in enuresis.
A person was defined as having a hearing impairment if a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5-4 kHz in the better ear was 21 dB or greater at the baseline.
According to perceived difficulty in advanced mobility (2km walk) at baseline participants were categorized as having no difficulty, having preclinical mobility limitation or having minor or major ...difficulty.
Self-reported sleep data from 2238 monozygotic and 4545 dizygotic adult twin pairs indicated a significant hereditary effect on sleep length overall heritability estimate (h2 = 0.44) and on sleep ...quality (h2 = 0.44). When the data were examined in subgroups defined by sex, age (18-24 years and 25 or more years of age), and cohabitation status of the twin pair, the highest heritability estimates for sleep length were for twins living together aged 25 or older. For twins living apart the heritability estimates were statistically significant in all women and men aged 25 or older. For sleep quality significant heritability estimates were found for all groups except women living together.
Our understanding of what different back performance tests are measuring is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of genetics and unique and common ...environmental factors for 3 tests of back muscle performance in a classic twin analysis.
The subjects were a population-based sample of 122 monozygotic and 131 dizygotic male twin pairs aged 35 to 69 years (mean=49.9, SD=7.7).
Variance component analysis was applied to estimate genetic and environmental influences on isokinetic and psychophysical lifting and isometric trunk extensor endurance test performance. The Cholesky decomposition genetic factor model was used to estimate genetic and environmental correlations of these variables. Path analysis was applied to study determinants of isokinetic and psychophysical lifting and isometric trunk extensor endurance test performance.
Genetic effects accounted for 60%, 33%, and 5% of the total variance of isokinetic and psychophysical lifting forces and isometric trunk extensor endurance, respectively, and unique environmental factors accounted for 35%, 49%, and 61% of the variance.
Genetics had a dominant role in isokinetic lifting and unique environmental factors in isometric trunk extensor endurance. The relatively high role of genetics in lifting force suggests the potential to increase and sustain changes in back muscle force in the general population may be particularly challenging.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Objectives: To study the joint association of coffee consumption and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels on the risk of developing type II diabetes. Design, setting and subjects :A total of ...21 826 Finnish men and women who were 35-74 years of age and without any history of diabetes at baseline (years 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997) were included in the present analyses. They were prospectively followed up for onset of type II diabetes (n=862 cases), death or until the end of the year 2002. Coffee consumption, serum GGT and other study parameters were determined at baseline using standardized measurements. Analyses were stratified by the serum GGT level classified into two classes using the 75th sex-specific percentiles as the cut point. Results: Coffee consumption was significantly and inversely associated with incident diabetes among both men and women. Serum GGT modified the association between coffee consumption and incident diabetes. Subjects in the high category of coffee consumption with the GGT level >/=75th percentile showed a significant inverse association for women, and for both sexes combined. The association was not significant in subjects with the GGT level </=75th percentile. There was a significant interaction effect of GGT and coffee consumption on risk of type II diabetes in data of women (P=0.05) and in both sexes combined (P=0.02) .Conclusions: Habitual coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of type II diabetes particularly in those with higher baseline serum GGT levels. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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