The paper examines hydromorphic soils from the class of gley soils, soil type humogley. The examined soils are located in the protected part of the inundation of the middle course of the Danube. ...According to the chemical properties of the examined soils, the pH value ranges from 7,64 to 8,15 on average, and with depth there is an increase in alkalinity. The total salts of the examined soils had increased values in the humus horizon and ranged from 0,06 to 0,09%. The texture classes of the humus horizon of these soils are: clay loam to sandy clay loam, while the lower sub-horizons of the gley are textural classes of sandy loam, loamy sand and sand. The influence of the Danube water level on the groundwater level results in high correlation coefficients, which range from 0,67 to 0,88. The groundwater in these soils had the highest level from 28 cm to 70 cm depth, and the lowest level was from 110 to 175 cm deep. The amplitude of groundwater variation during the year in the examined humogley soils ranges from 66 to 132 cm. Groundwater quality classes according to U.S. Salinity Laboratories are unfavorable and range from C3S1 to C4S1, ie salt to very salty water with low sodium content, and according to the FAO classification the water quality is such that there is a moderate need for restriction. High groundwater level above the critical level, as well as watering the soil with water of this quality can have an impact on salinization of the surface horizon of humogley soil of the examined area.
Pedunculate oak is among the most economically important deciduous forest tree species in Europe and is also a host for many important ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. The aim of this study was to ...analyse the ECM fungal community in a mature pedunculate oak stand near Morović, Serbia in spring and autumn. ECM fungi were determined by combining morpho-anatomical characterization of ectomycorrhizas with molecular analysis based on PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region of fungal nuclear ribosomal DNA. The number of ECM fungal taxa and the number of different categories of fine roots were counted, diversity indices were calculated, and ECM fungi were classified into exploration types. Twenty-one ECM fungal taxa were recorded in the studied mature pedunculate oak stand, 19 in spring and 13 in autumn. ECM communities consisted of one dominant taxon and a larger number of rare taxa. Lactarius quietus was the most abundant ECM fungus in both seasons which made association with more than half of ECM root tips. At the stand near Morović, contact exploration type (ET) dominated, short-distance ET was less abundant, while medium-distance fringe ET and long-distance ET were rare in both seasons. The most pronounced difference between seasons is recorded in the number of ECM fungal taxa. The number of ECM fungal taxa and diversity indices recorded in the studied pedunculate oak stand were lower or similar compared to values obtained in stands of oak species across Europe.
The paper presents the hydrological characteristics of the humogley soil in the area of Čelarevo and Kovilj marsh. The granulometric composition and dynamics of groundwater in these soils in relation ...to the Danube water level were examined during two years of monitoring. The granulometric composition and the distance from the Danube riverbed are of great importance for the hydrological properties of these hydromorphic soils. The studied soils are characterized by a heavier granulometric composition in a powerful surface humus horizon, where the texture classes are sandy clay loam to clay loam. The lower parts are subhorizonts of gley, with lighter mechanical composition, and textural classes: sandy loam, loamy sand and sand. The highest relative groundwater level for these soils ranged from 44 to 70 cm in the first year and from 72 to 90 cm in the second year of monitoring. The lowest relative groundwater level ranged from 110 cm to 175 cm for the first year of monitoring, while in the second year it ranged from 154 to 224 cm. Amplitude of groundwater variance ranged from 66 to 132 cm and 82 to 134 cm depending on the year of monitoring. The influence of the Danube water level on the variation of groundwater level is evident. During the first year of monitoring, the water level was extremely high, and the effect on the groundwater level was correlated from 0.67 to 0.88. In the second year of monitoring lower water level was recorded which showed a lower impact on groundwater level with a correlation of 0.12 to 0.39. Considering the distance from 1632 to 1916 m from the Danube watercourse, a significant influence of higher water level on the groundwater level of the studied soils is observed, while at lower water level this influence is much smaller.
This paper presents an analysis of the radial growth, tree dimensions, and allometry of three phenological pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.; QURO) varieties (early (E-QURO), typical (T-QURO), and ...late (L-QURO)), from a common garden experiment. We focused on the resistance and resilience of each variety to drought events, which occurred in 2012 and 2017, as well as their recovery potential during juvenile and mature growth phases, with the goal of clarifying how QURO drought sensitivity is influenced by tree phenology and growth stage. Our results indicate that E-QURO is more drought resistant, while T-QURO and L-QURO exhibit greater recovery potential after a drought event. Hence, typical and late QURO varieties are better prepared to withstand climate change. We also noted differences in the physical dimensions and the allometry of the studied QURO varieties. On average, 21-year-old QURO specimens from the analyzed stand are 9.35 m tall, have a crown width (CW) of 8.05 m, and a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 23.71 cm. Although T-QURO varieties had the greatest DBH and CW, they were shorter than E- and L-QURO, which are similar in height. T-QURO is also shorter relative to DBH, while L-QURO has a wider crown relative to tree height (TH). Intra-variety variations are higher than variations among half-sib (open-pollinated) families of each variety. Moreover, the adopted regression model provided a better fit to the CW/DBH ratio than to TH/DBH and CW/TH.
The loss of soil organic carbon stock and increased CO2 emission from soil are induced by various human activities. The aim of this study was to examine whether an anthropogenic influence during the ...regeneration of a pedunculate oak (
Quercus robur
L.) stand can affect the increment of CO2 emission from the soil. The research was carried out within three plots, out of which two were exposed to different degrees of anthropogenic influence. The air samples were collected using the soil respiratory chambers and analysed using the gas chromatograph Agilent 8890. Based on the obtained results, soil temperature and moisture as the most dominant drivers of the CO2 emission had different effects on the CO2 flux from soil depending on the intensity of anthropogenic influences and environmental conditions. Within the experimental plot with the significant soil alteration, a reliable positive correlation was detected for the CO2 flux with the soil temperature (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). High significant correlation was observed considering soil moisture (r = 0.85, p < 0.05) in the natural soil where the application of pesticides was conducted. The results showed that both soils that were exposed to the anthropogenic influences had notably higher values of the CO2 flux in comparison to the reference natural soil without anthropogenic impacts.
Rad u šumarstvu razumijeva sve ljudske aktivnosti koje su prijeko potrebne za obavljanje planiranih šumarskih poslova, a radi ostvarivanja dobrobiti od šume i šumskoga zemljišta. U skladu s tim šumarski radnici, tj. ljudi s potrebnim znanjima, vještinama i sposobnostima, uz odgovarajuća sredstva za rad i predmet rada predstavljaju temeljni čimbenik šumarske proizvodnje. Stručno osposobljeni, odgovorni, savjesni i motivirani šumarski radnici imaju odlučujuću ulogu u ostvarivanju uspješnih proizvodnih i poslovnih rezultata te čine neodvojivu sastavnicu u suvremenoj, općeprihvaćenoj paradigmi održivoga gospodarenja šumama. Međutim, danas u svijetu stalnih promjena šumarstvo se neprestano nalazi pred izazovom osiguranja kvalificirane i održive radne snage. Nedostatak šumarskih radnika postaje sve učestaliji problem u europskom i svjetskom šumarstvu, a razlog tomu su različiti globalni demografski, ekonomski, tehnološki i politički procesi, kao i specifičnosti samog sektora. U radu se stoga, uz opće značajke šumarskog rada prikazuju neki pokazatelji stanja i položaja radne snage u šumarstvu Europe i svijeta. Posebno se obrađuju aktualna pitanja i problemi u regrutiranju potrebne šumarske radne snage (nedostatak radnika, manjak interesa kod mladih ljudi, starenje postojeće radne snage, šumarski poduzetnici, neformalno zapošljavanje i sl.) te određeni alati i instrumenti važni za uspješno privlačenje i zadržavanje šumarskih radnika (razumijevanje motivacije, kompenzacije za rad, obrazovanje i trening radnika, nove tehnologije i sl.). Svrha rada se sastoji u pružanju podloga koje mogu biti važan doprinos u unapređenju stanja i održivosti radne snage u šumarstvu.
In this work, tolerance of five genotypes of white poplar (Populus alba L.)
on five concentrations of sodium chloride (1 mM, 3 mM, 10 mM, 33mM and 100
mM) in rooting medium was examined, based on 20 ...parameters that included
biomass, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters. Concentration of 100 mM
NaCl was inhibitory for biomass accumulation, content of photosynthetic
pigments, total flavonoids content, total phenolics, increment of radical
scavenging ability against ABTS+and DPPH+radicals, the increment of sodium
content, the decrement of potassium and magnesium content, and the increment
of potassium/sodium ratio in shoots of examined white poplar genotypes. This
and medium with 33 mM could be purposed for further research on salt
tolerance in white poplar. It could be concluded that genotype L-80 is the
most tolerant against salinity, and that examined parameters can be
indicative for the selection of white poplar genotypes tolerant to salinity.
PODZOL PROPERTIES AT A NEW SITE IN SERBIA Kosanin, Olivera; Cvjeticanin, Rade; Karaklic, Velisav
Fresenius environmental bulletin,
11/2021, Letnik:
30, Številka:
11A
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Balkan Peninsula is the southernmost border of podzol distribution in the northern hemisphere. So far, podzols have been recorded and studied at three sites in Serbia, including Mt. Golija, Mt. ...Goc and Mt. Jablanik, and this paper reveals the results of a pedological and phytocoenological study conducted at a new site on Mt. Jelova Gora. Podzols are most often formed in coniferous forests, while they less frequently occur in deciduous forests, like on Mt. Jelova Gora. In the investigated area, podzols were found in the montane achidophilous beech forest with blueberry (Vaccinio-Fagetum moesiacae montanum Fuk. 1969) and the montane beech forest with holly (Ilici-Fagetum montanum Gajic 1979), in which they had not been recorded before. The parent rock (quartz conglomerate) plays a key role in the formation of podzols on Mt. Jelova Gora, together with the occurence of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtil-lus L.), which slows down the transformation of organic waste, is a producer of raw humus, and thus an indicator of acid reaction soils. Finally, it should be pointed out that podzol is a very rare soil type, which is highly interesting for the relevant scientific and professional circles in Serbia and the entire Balkan Peninsula.
Differences between genotypes are considered to be the most important requisite for a resilient urban forest. Analyses of physiological traits, such as leaf water potential and leaf gas exchange ...could provide useful insight into the capacity of different species and genotypes to grow in harsh urban environments. In the present study, a variation of midday (Psmd) and predawn (Pspd) leaf water potential, net photosynthesis (A), rate of transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of seven Silver linden genotypes (Tilia tomentosa Moench), planted in the urban environment in Novi Sad, were examined. Analysis of variance and LSD tests were used to show differences between studied silver linden genotypes. The results showed significant differences for all observed leaf gas exchange parameters (A, E, gs, Ci, Pspd and Psmd) between genotypes. The results indicate better physiological performances of genotypes T3, in comparison to other observed genotypes under the prevailing environmental condition of the studied site in the urban environment.
The aim of this research to show floristic and ecological characteristics of acidophilus beach forest with mosses (Musco - Fagetum moesiacae B. Jov. 1976) in the area of Jelova gora. The studied type ...of soil in this forest community was dystric cambisol, which finds on sericite schist. Only ten plant species was recorded in this plant community (eight vascular plants and two species of mosses - Polytrichum commune and Leucobryum glaucum), so we can conclude that this plant community is very floristic poor. On bases floristic structure, spectrum of life forms and ekological spectrum are done. The phanerophytes have the highest share in community. The results of the study showed that investigated forest community was mesophilic, acidophilic to neutrofilic, mesotrophic, sciophilic to sub-sciophilic and mesothermophilic.
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