Here, we investigated that the mechanocatalytic depolymerization of cellulose in the presence of Aquivion, a sulfonated perfluorinated ionomer. Under optimized conditions, yields of water soluble ...sugars of 90-97% were obtained using Aquivion PW98 and PW66, respectively, as a solid acid catalyst. The detailed characterization of the water soluble fraction revealed (i) the selective formation of oligosaccharides with a DP up to 11 and (ii) that depolymerization and reversion reactions concomitantly occurred during the mechanocatalytic process, although the first largely predominated. More importantly, we discussed on the critical role of water contained in Aquivion and cellulose on the efficiency of the mechanocatalytic process.
Stromal fibrosis activates pro-survival and pro-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In patient tumors treated with neoadjuvant stereotactic ...body radiation therapy (SBRT), we found upregulation of fibrosis, extracellular matrix (ECM), and EMT gene signatures, which can drive therapeutic resistance and tumor invasion. Molecular, functional, and translational analysis identified two cell surface proteins, A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and ephrinB2, as drivers of fibrosis and tumor progression after RT. RT resulted in increased ADAM10 expression in tumor cells, leading to cleavage of ephrinB2, which was also detected in plasma. Pharmacologic or genetic targeting of ADAM10 decreased RT-induced fibrosis and tissue tension, tumor cell migration, and invasion, sensitizing orthotopic tumors to radiation killing and prolonging mouse survival. Inhibition of ADAM10 and genetic ablation of ephrinB2 in fibroblasts reduced the metastatic potential of tumor cells after RT. Stimulation of tumor cells with EphrinB2 FC-protein reversed the reduction in tumor cell invasion with ADAM10 ablation. These findings represent a model of PDAC adaptation that explains resistance and metastasis after radiation therapy and identifies a targetable pathway to enhance RT efficacy.
Background: An appendix mass is the result of a walled-off perforation of the appendix which localizes, resulting in a mass and it is encountered in up to 7% of patients presenting with acute ...appendicitis. The management of such problem is controversial. Immediate appendectomy may be technically demanding. Traditionally, management of these patients is conservative followed by interval appendectomy to prevent recurrence. However, the need for interval appendectomy has recently been questioned due to relatively small risk of recurrence. Also, there is still debate on adopting conservative management regarding the recurrence rate, the complication rate of interval appendectomy, and the potential for underlying malignancy. Our aim was to assess the preferred approach and current practice for management of acute appendix mass among surgeons in Al Taif Saudi Arabia.Methods: A questionnaire for the practice of surgeons in dealing with appendicular mass was designed and distributed to 21 consultants and 45 specialists.Results: 14.3% of consultant and 53.3% of specialist practiced the conservative management without routine interval appendectomy. Also, 14.3% and 26.7% of them respectively preferred immediate appendectomy while 71.4% of consultants and 20.0% of specialists did routine interval appendectomy. Most of the surgeons prefer to adopt the open method in immediate appendectomy while laparoscopic approach is the main adopting procedure for interval appendectomy. 57% of consultants stated risk of recurrence as the reason for performing interval appendectomy while, 53.4% of specialists would perform it to out-ruling neoplasm.Conclusions: Surgeons prefer to carry conservative approach with an interval appendectomy in management of appendix mass and laparoscopic approach for interval appendectomy. However immediate appendectomy and conservative management without interval appendectomy was preferred in other studies, which increase the necessity for national guidelines to be considered for management of this clinical condition.
Abstract
The sciatic artery – a rare finding on autopsy – and continuation of the inferior gluteal artery has been reported previously. On a routine dissection, bilateral persistent sciatic arteries ...were found in both thighs of a female cadaver. This provided evidence that the sciatic artery follows the sciatic nerve, supplies the back of the thigh and finally joins the popliteal artery near the knee. The profunda femoris artery was completely absent bilaterally. The present report strengthens the view that the sciatic artery plays a major role in supplying blood to the lower limbs in utero and its existence after birth may have significant clinical importance.
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism that is characterized by excess accumulation of iron in various organs and often leads to diabetes mellitus (DM). To ...study whether mutations in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) could be a risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the prevalence of HFE mutations in patients with GDM was compared to that of healthy pregnant controls.
GDM was diagnosed in 208 of 2,421 pregnant woman screened between the 24th and 28th week of gestation over a period of 18 months. Patients and 170 matched control subjects were screened for the HFE gene mutations C282Y and H63D.
In North and Central European GDM patients, the allele frequency of the C282Y mutation (7.7%) was higher than in pregnant controls (2.9%; p = 0.04), while the frequency of the H63D mutation was not different (p = 0.45). Three patients with GDM were homozygous for H63D (3.1%), 1 patient was homozygous for C282Y (1.0%), 2 patients were compound heterozygous (2.0%) and 26 were heterozygous 11 C282Y (11.2%) and 15 H63D (15.3%). C282Y and H63D allele frequencies were not different between controls and GDM patients of Southern European or non-European origin. Irrespective of the HFE-mutation status, serum ferritin levels were increased in patients with GDM compared to healthy pregnant controls (p = 0.01), while transferrin saturation was similar in both groups.
In North and Central European patients with GDM, the C282Y allele frequency is higher than in healthy pregnant women, suggesting a genetic susceptibility to the development of GDM.
This paper presents a new abstract model that uses existing relationships between the topologies of online applications and their associated help documentations, to augment the latter with ...annotations in the form of visual instructive and informative artifacts. Our augmentation technique provides disadvantaged online end-users with the required support that helps to reduce their overall memory load; especially when seeking for an online help support that is associated with accomplishing a particular task. The paper also describes a prototype tool that implements our augmentation technique, along with a set of case studies that we have used to evaluate our system. Our initial results are very promising in terms of our technique's potential effectiveness
Persistent bilateral sciatic artery: Report of a rare case Cowan, Michèle M; Hamweyah, Karam Mazen; Sabbagh, Mohamed Diya ...
The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc,
01/2010, Letnik:
19, Številka:
1
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