In 2001â2007, altogether 57 nests of lesser spotted eagle were collected in the Orava region in northwestern Slovakia and four groups of arthropods were extracted from them. Richest in number of ...species and individuals were mites (23 species, 17,500 ind.), followed by beetles (12 species, 725 ind.), whereas pseudoscorpions were represented only by Pselaphochernes scorpioides (39 ind.) and fleas by Ceratophyllus garei (3 ind.). Unlike nests of other birds, free-living mites predominated in the nests fauna (83% of individuals), followed by nidicolous species with more or less free relationship to the nests, while parasitic species represented only a negligible part of the fauna. For the first time we observed phoresy of Nenteria pandioni, a specific and abundant mite in the eaglesâ nests, on the nidicolous staphylinid Haploglossa puncticollis. The beetle fauna in the nests was much poorer than in nests of other birds. The predatory H. puncticollis was dominant in the nests (83%) and occurred continuously during the whole investigation period. Other beetles, even the widely distributed nidicols such as the histerid Gnathoncus buyssoni, were found rarely in nests. Predators were also the only abundant trophic group of beetles in the nests, while other trophic groups of beetles abundantly co-occur in nests of majority of other birds. The occurrence of all beetles was very unevenly distributed during the investigation period, but was positively correlated with occurrence of mites. The relatively low number of species and individuals of mites and beetles in the lesser spotted eagle nests resulted from their position on tree tops, at a height of 20â30 m and their quick drying out by sun and wind. It was also indicated by an enormously low number of species and individuals of mycetophagous beetles, which represent a significant component of the fauna in nests of other birds.
Hniezdenie výrika lesného (Otus scops) na severnom Slovensku Michalec, Radoslav; Karaska, Dušan
Tichodroma : zborník Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti SZOPK = Proceedings of the Slovak Ornithological Society of the Slovak Union of Nature and Landscape Protectors,
02/2023, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Breeding of the Eurasian Scops Owl (Otus scops) in northern Slovakia Radoslav Michalec; Dušan Karaska
Tichodroma : zborník Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti SZOPK = Proceedings of the Slovak Ornithological Society of the Slovak Union of Nature and Landscape Protectors,
12/2022, Letnik:
34
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The first documented nesting of the Eurasian Scops Owl (Otus scops) in northern Slovakia (Oravice area in the Western Tatras in 2021) is described. The nest was found in an occupied former woodpecker ...nest cavity and a fledgling was observed. All known observations of the species in northern Slovakia to date are summarized and the species range and population trends in Europe are discussed. This breeding may be related to the increase of the European population and the northward expansion of the species.
Food remains of the Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) were studied in samples collected from 26 nests. The samples were collected during spring thus represent the prey brought to the nest whilst rearing ...of chicks. In total 15,196 items of prey were determined. The dominant food items were two smaller species of rodents, Microtus arvalis (39.0%), Arvicola amphibius (12.1%), and the common frog (Rana temporaria; 27.9%). Other prey recorded had low dominance, however, represented a wide range of species. 43 species of mammals and over 80 species of birds were determined. The Orava Region is climatically one of the coldest regions in Slovakia. The abundance of food for nestlings depends mostly on gradational cycles of small species of rodents and on frogs as the alternative food components. The proportion of bigger species of prey is low: from mammals it was mainly Rattus norvegicus (2.3%), Erinaceus roumanicus (0.7%) and Lepus europaeus (0.5%), from birds Corvus cornix (1.1%), Perdix perdix (0.6%) and Asio otus (0.4%). The food supply creating suitable condition for reproduction of Eurasian eagle-owls in the Orava Region has been deteriorating over the last 20 years due to a decrease in agricultural production leading to diminution of non-forest areas.
Zvyšky potravy výra skalného (Bubo bubo) sú skúmané z 26 vzoriek, zbieraných na jeho hniezdach. Prezentujú potravu, ktorá bola prinášaná mláďatám v období ich výchovy, t. j. v jarných mesiacoch. Spolu bolo determinovaných 15 196 kusov koristi. V potrave dominujú dva menšie druhy hlodavcov, Microtus arvalis (39,0 %), Arvicola amphibius (12,1 %) a skokan hnedý (Rana temporaria; 27,9 %). Zastúpenie ostatných druhov sa vyznačuje nízkou dominanciou, ale vysokou druhovou diverzitou: zistili sme 43 druhov cicavcov a vyše 80 druhov vtákov. Orava patrí klimaticky k najchladnejším regiónom Slovenska. Dostatok potravy pre mláďatá je závislý najmä od gradačných cyklov malých druhov hlodavcov a od žiab ako náhradnej zložky potravy. Pomerné zastúpenie väčších druhov koristi je nízke, z cicavcov najmä Rattus norvegicus (2,3 %), Erinaceus roumanicus (0,7 %) a Lepus europaeus (0,5 %), z vtákov Corvus cornix (1,1 %), Perdix perdix (0,6 %) a Asio otus (0,4 %). V dôsledku útlmu poľnohospodárskej výroby a následného úbytku nelesných plôch sa v posledných 20 rokoch podmienky pre výživu mláďat, resp. reprodukciu výrov na Orave zhoršujú.
A Central European subspecies of the Ural owl Strix uralensis macroura (Wolf, 1810) is widespread in the territory of Slovakia. The work presents unpublished data on the diet of this subspecies from ...several territorial units of eastern and northern Slovakia, obtained from pellets and the nest linings in boxes (1 ,564 pieces). There is less data about prey brought to young in the nest but still not yet consumed (137 pieces). Published data from analysis of the stomachs of dead and shot owls come from the first six decades of the 20th century. Together with existing published data, 2,134 pieces of the diet of S. uralensis from Slovakia are evaluated. They indicate the dominance of non-forest species Microtus arvalis and a more plentiful representation of larger species of prey: Lepus europaeus, Sciurus vulgaris and Corvus sp. In upper Orava the diet of young S. uralensis also consists of frogs Rana temporaria, moles Talpa europaea and mountain species of rodents: Microtus agrestis, M. subterraneus, Sicista betulina and Arvicola amphibius. In data from the mountains of central Slovakia the Clethrionomys glareolus has high abundance, and in eastern Slovakia the Apodemus flavicollis and A. agrarius are more represented, and in the lowlands also the Cricetus cricetus. Upon evaluation ofmaterial from the entire breeding grounds of S. uralensis it can be deduced that the basic diet consist of mammals (88.6%) from the orders Soricomorpha and Rodentia. In the countries of Central Europe the species M. arvalis, M. subterraneus, A. flavicollis and Muscardinus avellanarius are more abundantly represented, and in the Baltic states the species Sorex araneus, M. agrestis, M. oeconomus and M. rossiaemeridionalis. The species S. betulina and A. agrarius occur in the diet of S. uralensis from Central Europe up through the Far East.
Na území Slovenska je rozšírený stredoeurópsky poddruh sovy dlhochvostej Strix uralensis macroura (Wolf, 1810). V práci sa uvádzajú nepublikované údaje o potrave tohto poddruhu z niektorých územných celkov východného a severného Slovenska, získané z vývržkov a z hniezdnych výstielok v búdkach (1564 kusov). Menej údajov je o koristi, prinesenej mládatám na hniezdo, ale ešte neskonzumovanej (137 kusov). Publikované dáta z rozborov žalúdkov uhynutých a zastrelených sov pochádzajú z prvých 6 dekád 20. storocia. Spolu s doteraz publikovanými údajmi sa vyhodnocuje zo Slovenska 2134 kusov potravy S. uralensis. Vyznacujú sa dominanciou nelesného druhu Microtus arvalis a pocetnejším zastúpením väcších druhov koristi: Lepus europaeus, Sciurus vulgaris a Corvus sp. Na hornej Orave sú castou potravou mládat S. uralensis žaby Rana temporaria, krty Talpa europaea a horské druhy hlodavcov: Microtus agrestis, M. subterraneus, Sicista betulina a Arvicola amphibius. V údajoch zo stredoslovenských pohorí má vysokú abundanciu druh Clethrionomys glareolus, na východnom Slovensku sú viac zastúpené ryšavky Apodemus flavicollis a A. agrarius, na nížine tiež druh Cricetus cricetus. Pri vyhodnotení materiálu z celého hniezdneho areálu S. uralensis sa usudzuje, že základnou potravou sú cicavce (88,6 %) z radov Soricomorpha a Rodentia. V krajinách strednej Európy sú pocetnejšie zastúpené druhy M. arvalis, M. subterraneus, A. flavicollis a Muscardinus avellanarius, v pobaltských štátoch druhy Sorex araneus, M. agrestis, M. oeconomus a M. rossiaemeridionalis. Druhy S. betulina a A. agrarius sa vyskytujú v potrave S. uralensis od strednej Európy po Daleký východ.
Several estimates of the lesser spotted eagle breeding population in Slovakia were published in 1955-2002. In this study we estimate the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle by 1997 and ...2014. By 1997, the estimated size of the breeding population was 762 pairs. In 2002 an estimate of the population size by 2000 was published at 800-900 pairs. By 2014 we estimate the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia at 600-800 pairs and the declining population trend in 2000-2013 at -23%. Our estimate is supported by the extrapolation from data obtained in 2011-2013 in eight selected Special Protection Areas (SPAs) within a framework of the project LIFE09 NAT/SK/000396 “Conservation of Aquila pomarina in Slovakia”. When analyzing abundance, density and trends in the species’ entire breeding range in Slovakia we first summarised the numbers of breeding pairs, their densities and trends within the selected SPAs and then explored the differences among them using ANOVA and cluster analysis. For the eight SPAs as a whole (n = 8) or partitioned by a grid of the Databank of Slovak Fauna (n = 119 squares) we calculated the interval estimates of the mean number of pairs (unweighted and weighted arithmetic means and medians). By summarising these estimates and extrapolating to the species’ entire breeding range in Slovakia (c. 28,935 km2) while increasing the sample size (n = 8, 9, 11 and 1 2 SPAs), the size estimates stabilise at a level of 670 (mean with 95%LCL = 507 and 95%UCL = 834) or 765 (median with 95%LCL = 393 and 95%UCL = 841 ) breeding pairs. The most reliable estimate of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia by 2014 is a median of 765 pairs with a 95% confidence interval from 393 to 841 pairs and an interquartile range from 418 to 835 pairs. We estimate a 23% decrease in the breeding population during 2000-2013, i.e. a small decrease -1 (20-49%). Three methods of estimating were used: 1 ) comparing the numbers of pairs in the selected SPAs between 2000 and 2014 - indicates a decrease of -26%; 2) comparing the numbers of pairs from long-term monitoring in five areas (orographic units Vihorlatské vrchy Mts, Laborecká vrchovina Upland, Volovské vrchy Mts, Orava and Horné Ponitrie Regions) by the 1990s and 2014 - indicates a decrease of -20%; 3) comparing the numbers of pairs by 1997 in selected areas within the boundaries of the current SPAs with the number of pairs in the same SPAs by 2014 - indicates a decrease of -23%. In the eight selected SPAs the estimated decline was even more pronounced, reaching a median trend of -35% in the 95% confidence interval from -54% to +25%. The estimate by 1997 fits in with an increasing trend of published breeding population estimates in Slovakia during 1955-2002. The estimate by 2014 is lower than the estimate by 2000, and for the first time ever a declining trend is recorded. By 2014 the breeding grounds of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia embrace an area of c. 28,935 km
. Taking an estimate of 600-800 breeding pairs, the mean density varies between 2.1-2.8 pairs.100 km
Odhad pocetnosti hniezdnej populácie orla kriklavého na Slovensku bol publikovaný v rokoch 1955-2002. V tejto štúdii odhadujeme pocetnost hniezdnej populácie orla kriklavého k rokom 1997 a 2014. K roku 1997 bol odhadnutý celkový pocet 762 párov. V roku 2002 bol publikovaný odhad pocetnosti k roku 2000 vo výške 800-900 párov. K roku 2014 odhadujeme pocetnost hniezdnej populácie orla kriklavého na Slovensku na 600-800 párov a klesajúci trend vývoja populácie v rokoch 2000-2013 priemerne -23%. Náš odhad je podložený výsledkami extrapolácie údajov, získaných v rokoch 2011-2013 z ôsmich vybraných chránených vtácích území v rámci riešenia projektu LIFE09 NAT/SK/000396 „Ochrana orla kriklavého na Slovensku“. Pri štatistickej analýze pocetnosti, hustôt a trendov pre celý areál hniezdneho rozšírenia druhu na Slovensku sme vychádzali zo sumarizovaných poctov hniezdnych párov, ich hustôt a trendov vo vybraných územiach a z ich stratifikácie podla výsledkov ANOVA a zhlukovej analýzy. Pre 8 chránených vtácích území vcelku (n = 8) i v clenení podla kvadrátov Databanky Fauny Slovenska (n = 119) sme vypocítali intervalové odhady stredných hodnôt poctu párov (prosté i vážené aritmetické priemery a mediány). Ich sumarizáciou pri postupnom zväcšovaní vzorky (n = 8, 9, 11a 12) a extrapoláciou na celý areál hniezdneho rozšírenia druhu na Slovensku (ca 28 935 km2) sa výsledné odhady stredných hodnôt stabilizovali na úrovni 670 (aritmetický priemer s 95%LCL = 507 a 95%UCL = 834) resp. 765 (medián s 95%LCL = 393 a 95%UCL = 841) hniezdnych párov. Ako najspolahlivejší odhad pocetnosti hniezdnej populácie orla kriklavého na Slovensku k roku 2014 vychádza medián 765 párov v 95 %-nom intervale spolahlivosti od 393 do 841 párov a s medzikvartilovým rozpätím od 418 do 835 párov. Odhadujeme 23 %-ný pokles celoslovenskej populácie v rokoch 2000-2013, co predstavuje mierny pokles -1 (20-49 %). Vychádza z troch spôsobov odhadovania: 1) porovnanie poctu hniezdnych párov vo vybraných chránených vtácích územiach k roku 2000 a 2014 - poukazuje na pokles -26 %; 2) porovnanie poctu hniezdnych párov v piatich dlhodobo monitorovaných územiach orografických celkov Vihorlatské vrchy, Laborecká vrchovina, Volovské vrchy a regiónov Orava a Horné Ponitrie v 90- tych rokoch 20. storocia a k roku 2014 - poukazuje na pokles -20 %; 3) porovnanie poctu hniezdnych párov k roku 1997 vo vybraných územiach v hraniciach súcasných chránených vtácích území s poctom hniezdnych párov v tých istých chránených vtácích územiach k roku 2014 - poukazuje na pokles -23 %. V 8 vybraných chránených vtácích územiach bol štatisticky odhadnutý pokles pocetnosti hniezdnej populácie A. pomarina ešte výraznejší, a to až na úrovni mediánového trendu -35 % v 95 %-nom intervale spolahlivosti od -54 % do +25 %. Odhad k roku 1997 zapadá do vzostupného trendu vývoja publikovaných odhadov pocetnosti hniezdnej populácie druhu na Slovensku v rokoch 1955-2002. Odhad k roku 2014 ukazuje už menší pocet hniezdnych párov v porovnaní s odhadom k roku 2000 a prvýkrát v histórii sa zaznamenáva klesajúci trend. K roku 2014 sa hniezdny areál orla kriklavého na Slovensku rozprestiera na ploche ca 28935 km
a pri odhadovanom pocte 600-800 hniezdnych párov je denzita priemerne 2,1-2,8 hniezdnych párov.100 km
.
In 2011–201 4 monitoring of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) breeding population was conducted in eight
special protection areas in Slovakia. From a total of 272 successful breeding ...attempts by 1 49 breeding pairs during 4 breeding
seasons 277 young birds were fledged. The average reproductive success ratio was thus 0.51 juv./pair present, 0.69 juv./breeding
pair and 1 .37 juv./1 00 km2. In the surveyed period a total of 1 51 protection zones were established around the nests in 11 9 breeding
territories, which provided protection for 1 7% of the breeding population of the lesser spotted eagle in Slovakia. By testing
the effectiveness of protection zones it was determined that in nests with an established protection zone the probability of successful
raising of young is higher in comparison with nests without such a zone. The probability that breeding will be successful in the
nests of breeding pairs without a protection zone was 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), and in nests with
a protection zone 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Among the five most frequent nest tree species used by A. pomarina in Slovakia
for breeding are Picea abies 61 × (28.4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20.9%), Quercus sp. 36× (1 6.7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11 .6%)
and Abies alba 1 8× (8.4%). Among the rarer nest tree species used are Larix decidua 1 2× (5.6%) and Alnus glutinosa 3× (1 .4%),
while a further 11 species of nest trees did not achieve even 1%. The highest number of nest trees (n = 21 5), i.e. 34 nests (1 5.8%),
was found in the altitude range of 401–450 m a.s.l. and 29 nests (1 3.5%) at 351–400 m a.s.l. Other altitude zones were all below
the 1 0% mark. A total of 54% of nests found (11 6 nests) are located in the altitude zone of 301–600 m a.s.l., and 71 nests (33%)
in the zone 600–900 m a.s.l. The lowest situated nest was at an altitude of 1 50 m and the highest at 950 m; the average was
595.01 m a.s.l. The highest number of nests (n = 209) were located on trees in a range 1 5.1–20.0 m above the ground (n = 92,
44%), while the lowest nest found was at a height of 5 m and the highest at 30 m above the ground.
V rokoch 2011 – 2014 sa realizoval monitoring hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého (Aquila pomarina) v ôsmich chránených vtáčích územiach na Slovensku. U 149 hniezdnych párov z celkových 272 úspešných hniezdení počas 4 hniezdnych sezón vyletelo 277 mláďat. Priemerná reprodukčná úspešnosť predstavovala 0,51 juv./prítomný pár, 0,69 juv./hniezdiaci pár a 1,37 juv./100 km2. V uvedenom období bolo okolo hniezd orlov krikľavých ustanovených celkom 151 ochranných zón, ktoré zabezpečili ochranu 119 hniezdnych teritórií, čo predstavuje cca 17 % hniezdnej populácie orla krikľavého na Slovensku. Testovaním účinnosti ochranných zón sa zistilo, že v hniezdach s vyhlásenou ochrannou zónou je vyššia pravdepodobnosť úspešného odchovania mláďat v porovnaní s hniezdami bez takejto zóny. Pravdepodobnosť, že hniezdenie bude úspešné v hniezdach hniezdiacich párov bez ochrannej zóny bola 48.1% (95% confidence intervals (CIs): 37.4–59.0%), v hniezdach s ochrannou zónou 64.8% (95% CIs: 59.8–69.6%). Medzi 5 najčastejšie využívaných hniezdnych stromov na hniezdenie A. pomarina na Slovensku patrí Picea abies 61× (28,4%), Pinus sylvestris 45× (20,9%), Quercus sp. 36× (16,7%), Fagus sylvatica 25× (11,6%) a Abies alba 18× (8,4%). Medzi zriedkavejšie druhy hniezdnych stromov patrí Larix decidua 12× (5,6%) a Alnus glutinosa 3× (1,4%), ďalších 11 druhov hniezdnych stromov nedosiahli 1 %. Najvyšší počet hniezdnych stromov (n = 215), tj. 34 hniezd (15,8%) sa nachádzal v intervale nadmorskej výšky 401 – 450 m a 29 hniezd (13,5%) v intervale 351 – 400 m n. m. Ostatné výškové pásma boli pod hranicou 10%. 54% zistených hniezd (116 hniezd) sa nachádza vo výškovom pásme 301 – 600 m n. m., 71 hniezd (33%) v pásme 600 – 900 m n. m. Najnižšie situované hniezdo bolo v nadmorskej výške 150 m a najvyššie 950 m, priemer bol 595,01 m. Najvyšší počet hniezd (n = 209) bol na strome umiestnený v rozmedzí 15,1 – 20,0 m (n = 92, 44,02%). Najnižšie zistené hniezdo bolo vo výške 5 m a najvyššie 30 m nad zemou.
Results of the winter waterbird census in Slovakia in 2019–2022 Michal Baláž; Jozef Ridzoň; Dušan Karaska ...
Tichodroma : zborník Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti SZOPK = Proceedings of the Slovak Ornithological Society of the Slovak Union of Nature and Landscape Protectors,
12/2023, Letnik:
35
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
A total of 75 (59–69 annually) waterbird species with 129 541–166 543 ( =146 567) individuals were recorded during the January censuses in 2019–2022 in Slovakia. There were found no significant ...differences in species richness between the years. The most abundant species were Anas platyrhynchos (44.5–53.9% of all registered birds), Anser albifrons (6.8–17.7%) and Aythya fuligula (8.8–10.8%). A. platyrhynchos and A. fuligula were also the species with the lowest interannual variability in the number of individuals recorded. On the other hand, Calidris alpina, C. minuta, Cygnus columbianus, Hydrocoloeus minutus and Numenius arquata were registered only in one year, and C. minuta and C. columbianus were recorded for the first time in Slovakia in January. The overall wintering waterbird assemblage can be considered stable in terms of bird numbers in 2019–2022. However, several species (Aix galericulata, A. sponsa, Alopochen aegyptiaca, Mareca penelope and M. strepera) showed an increase in wintering individuals.
In 2022, the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia reviewed 52 records, of which 44 were accepted in category A, one in category C, two in category D, and two in ...category E. Additionally, three breeding records were accepted. Two records/one ind. of Brant Goose (Branta bernicla), one record/one ind. of Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), seven records/at least five ind. of Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus), two records/one ind. of Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus), one record/one ind. of Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris), one record/one ind. of Baillon´s Crake (Zapornia pusilla), one record/one ind. of Greater Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), one record/one ind. of Terek Sandpiper (Xenus cinereus), one record/one ind. of Black-winged Pratincole (Glareola nordmanni), three records/one ind. of Pallas’s Gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus), one record/one ind. of Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus), eight records/nine ind. of Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus), one record/ nine ind. (first observation and nesting for Slovakia) of Eurasian Crag Martin (Ptyonoprogne rupestris), one record/ one ind. of Yellow-browed Warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus), one record/one ind. of Rosy Starling (Pastor roseus) and one record/one ind. (first for Slovakia) of Richard’s Pipit (Anthus richardi) were the most interesting records in 2022. The Rarities Committee accepted observations from the year 2022, but also some notable observations from the years 2013, 2019, and 2021. For example, one record/one ind. of Eurasian Stone-curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus), one record/one ind. of Pomarine Skua (Stercorarius pomarinus), and one record/one ind. (first for Slovakia) of Iberian Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus ibericus). In 2021, Western Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) nested in Slovakia for the first time. The updated list of species and subspecies subject to reporting to the Rarities Committee of the Slovak Ornithological Society/BirdLife Slovakia, as well as the English version of the form template, is available on the following website: http://www.vtaky.sk/stranka/50-Faunisticka-komisia.html
21. správa Faunistickej komisie Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti/BirdLife Slovensko Mojžiš, Marian; Kvetko, Richard; HARVANČÍK, Stanislav ...
Tichodroma : zborník Slovenskej ornitologickej spoločnosti SZOPK = Proceedings of the Slovak Ornithological Society of the Slovak Union of Nature and Landscape Protectors,
02/2023, Letnik:
34, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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