Introduction: Adolescent health is itself a neglected topic so as the bullying, the young fragile adolescents who are already going through physical, psychological and hormonal changes have to pay a ...toll by bullying and its associated violence. Objective: The purpose of this study is to ind the proportion of school going adolescents with Bullying and Violence related behavior and its associated variables. Method: Total 900 students of both government and private schools having co-education facility and having all the three streams i.e., science, commerce, and arts were included. Indianized version, of YRBS questionnaire was used, the questionnaire was modiied by three senior Professors of the department and made suitable for the use in Indian context. Results: Most of the participants were in age group 13-16 years and majorities were Hindu. Out of 900 adolescent 33.34 % belongs to high risk of Violence and bullying behaviour. Students of commerce stream (48%) break into more ight than art stream (16.80%). Approximately six percent were threatened or injured with a weapon such as gun, knife or sticks on school campus in past 12 months, majority for their selfdefence only 2% did it to harm someone. Only 48 adolescents (05.30%) reported to be sexually abused and majority of abused were males (60.41%) and maximum number(68.75%) of times the Perpetrator were their dates followed by relatives. Conclusion: The risk of violence and bullying is relatively more in this budding generation which can be entertained by proper guidance and support by parents, teachers and friends.
Background: Adolescents are a relatively healthy group, but their developmental stage makes them vulnerable to many risk‑taking behaviors. One such major issue is substance abuse.
Aims and ...Objectives: This study aims to determine substance abuse behavior among school‑going adolescents of Jaipur city and factors associated with it.
Materials and Methods: An observational, cross‑sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to February 2016. A total of 900 school‑going adolescents were enrolled from eight schools of Jaipur city and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire was administered.
Results: Most of the participants (67.56%) were in the age group of 13–16 years. Twelve adolescents out of 900 (1.34 %) in the given sample were taking drugs. Out of these, 66.67% took drugs 1 or 2 times in their life so far, while 33% took it 3–9 times. Majority 91.66% of the drug users were from government school (9 times more risk), 9/12 (75%) of the drug users were males. A total of 10% (90/900) of the study population were consuming tobacco. All of these adolescents smoke and 87.78% (79/90) chew tobacco.
Conclusion: Although proportion seems less, yet the age at which these young students have been exposed to and indulged in substance abuse is a matter of concern.
Introduction: Poor nutrition or low intake of major nutrients like protein, vitamin C, iron, and energy is a vast challenge among adolescents. Very few girls take amount of nutrients as per the ...standards i.e. recommended daily allowance. It is mainly due to lack of awareness, eating practices, and sociocultural factors of family. Hence, the study was designed to improve nutrients intake and to determine the post intervention change in nutrients intake of adolescent girls. Methodology: Baseline level of daily nutrients intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire and “Diet Soft” software. Intensive nutrition and health education was imparted weekly for a period of six months among 123 adolescent girls of randomly selected Anganwadi centre and compared with control group. Results: Mean consumption of nutrients increased from 65% to 76% of recommended daily allowance for calorie, from 67% to 79% for protein, from 65% to 73% for iron and from 57% to 67% for vitamin C after intervention. Mean protein consumption in intervention group increased significantly from 36.26 gm to 38.48 gm. Conclusion: Mean energy and protein consumption increased significantly from 1644 to 1811 kilocalories and from 36.26 to 38.48 gm respectively. There was a significant improvement in iron and vitamin C intake also.
Background: In India, the preference for a son is strong. Due to many reasons in various communities, the strong desire for a son and discrimination against a female child are causing the ...non-preference of female children, resulting in a skewed sex ratio in India. The main objective of the study was to assess the perception of urban slum married women in the reproductive age group about reasons and solutions to overcome gender preference. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study on 1230 married women of urban slums of age group 15-49 years was carried out in Katputli Nagar in Rajasthan state, India. Information regarding reasons and solutions to overcome gender preference was asked. A predesigned semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of the 1230 study subjects, the majority reason for the male preference was "propagation of family name" (53.3%), followed by "family safety" (46.5%) and "funeral responsibility" (44.8%), "financial help in future" (39.2%) and "old age support" (40.2%). "Family name spoilage if remaining unmarried" and "female offspring will not stay with them after marriage" were the most preferred reasons for female non-preference (59.8% and 58.3%), respectively, and "dowry" in 56.4%. Strict implementation of anti-dowry law and better implementation of educational aids for girl child might be strong changes (69.83% and 69.18%, respectively), followed by "improvement in the security of females" (61.95%). Conclusion: Propagation of family names was an important reason for the preference for males. Strict implementation of anti-dowry law and better implementation of educational aid for female children might be strong changes that could remove gender discrimination in society.
Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS), an aggressive iatrogenic subcutaneous malignancy, is challenging to manage clinically and little is known about the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. Tumor ...transcriptome profiling has proved valuable for gaining insights into the molecular basis of cancers and for identifying new therapeutic targets. Here, we report the first study of the FISS transcriptome and the first cross-species comparison of the FISS transcriptome with those of anatomically similar soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans.
Using high-throughput short-read paired-end sequencing, we comparatively profiled FISS tumors vs. normal tissue samples as well as cultured FISS-derived cell lines vs. skin-derived fibroblasts. We analyzed the mRNA-seq data to compare cancer/normal gene expression level, identify biological processes and molecular pathways that are associated with the pathogenesis of FISS, and identify multimegabase genomic regions of potential somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) in FISS. We additionally conducted cross-species analyses to compare the transcriptome of FISS to those of soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans, at the level of cancer/normal gene expression ratios.
We found: (1) substantial differential expression biases in feline orthologs of human oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes suggesting conserved functions in FISS; (2) a genomic region with recurrent SCNA in human sarcomas that is syntenic to a feline genomic region of probable SCNA in FISS; and (3) significant overlap of the pattern of transcriptional alterations in FISS with the patterns of transcriptional alterations in soft-tissue sarcomas in humans and in dogs. We demonstrated that a protein, BarH-like homeobox 1 (BARX1), has increased expression in FISS cells at the protein level. We identified 11 drugs and four target proteins as potential new therapies for FISS, and validated that one of them (GSK-1059615) inhibits growth of FISS-derived cells in vitro.
(1) Window-based analysis of mRNA-seq data can uncover SCNAs. (2) The transcriptome of FISS-derived cells is highly consistent with that of FISS tumors. (3) FISS is highly similar to soft-tissue sarcomas in dogs and humans, at the level of gene expression. This work underscores the potential utility of comparative oncology in improving understanding and treatment of FISS.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have roles in gene regulation, epigenetics, and molecular scaffolding and it is hypothesized that they underlie some mammalian evolutionary adaptations. However, for ...many mammalian species, the absence of a genome assembly precludes the comprehensive identification of lncRNAs. The genome of the American beaver (Castor canadensis) has recently been sequenced, setting the stage for the systematic identification of beaver lncRNAs and the characterization of their expression in various tissues. The objective of this study was to discover and profile polyadenylated lncRNAs in the beaver using high-throughput short-read sequencing of RNA from sixteen beaver tissues and to annotate the resulting lncRNAs based on their potential for orthology with known lncRNAs in other species.
Using de novo transcriptome assembly, we found 9528 potential lncRNA contigs and 187 high-confidence lncRNA contigs. Of the high-confidence lncRNA contigs, 147 have no known orthologs (and thus are putative novel lncRNAs) and 40 have mammalian orthologs. The novel lncRNAs mapped to the Oregon State University (OSU) reference beaver genome with greater than 90% sequence identity. While the novel lncRNAs were on average shorter than their annotated counterparts, they were similar to the annotated lncRNAs in terms of the relationships between contig length and minimum free energy (MFE) and between coverage and contig length. We identified beaver orthologs of known lncRNAs such as XIST, MEG3, TINCR, and NIPBL-DT. We profiled the expression of the 187 high-confidence lncRNAs across 16 beaver tissues (whole blood, brain, lung, liver, heart, stomach, intestine, skeletal muscle, kidney, spleen, ovary, placenta, castor gland, tail, toe-webbing, and tongue) and identified both tissue-specific and ubiquitous lncRNAs.
To our knowledge this is the first report of systematic identification of lncRNAs and their expression atlas in beaver. LncRNAs-both novel and those with known orthologs-are expressed in each of the beaver tissues that we analyzed. For some beaver lncRNAs with known orthologs, the tissue-specific expression patterns were phylogenetically conserved. The lncRNA sequence data files and raw sequence files are available via the web supplement and the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, respectively.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
CONTEXT: The outbreak and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to a global exigency of colossal and monstrous proportions in terms of public health and economic crisis. ...Till date, no pharmaceutical agent is known to manage in terms of prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by a novel virus.
AIMS: The aim of the present work was to understand the underlying disease profile and dynamics that could provide relevant inputs and insight into pathophysiology and prevent further spread and evolve management strategies of COVID-19 patients from data-driven techniques.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective observational descriptive study was conducted on 29 COVID-19 patients admitted at a premier medical institution of North India in the months of February and March 2020.
METHODS: The patients were diagnosed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected.
RESULTS: The mean age of population was 38.8 years with male preponderance, of which two patients were residents of Italy, and others hailed from semi-arid and Western sandy arid regions of Rajasthan (urban population). The major presenting symptom complex of said COVID-19 sample population included fever (48%), cough (31%), and shortness of breath (17%). Most of the patients (83%) had no comorbidity. No clinical correlation (r) could be appreciated between the duration of test positivity and age of afflicted COVID-19 patients (r = −0.0976).
CONCLUSIONS: The present evaluation of various facets of the ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19 is an attempt to portray early clinical and epidemiological parameters of the menace of COVID-19 patients admitted at SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur.
Background: Adolescents are a relatively healthy group, but their developmental stage makes them vulnerable to many risk-taking behaviors. One such major issue is road safety practices and their risk ...on roads. Objective: To determine road safety risk behavior among school-going adolescents of Jaipur city and factors associated with it. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2015 to February 2016. A total of 900 school-going adolescents were enrolled from eight schools of Jaipur city and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire was administered. Results: Most of the participants (67.56%) were in the age group of 13-16 years. A total of 682 (75%) adolescents were driving one or other type of vehicle to commute. Out of the 682 vehicle-using adolescents, 603 (88%) had risky behavior on roads. Driving under the influence was found more among those using four-wheelers (10%) than two-wheelers (5%). Almost half of drivers used mobile phones while driving a car or two-wheeler. There was statistically significant association between risk on roads with respect to rising education and occupation of parents. A majority (88.41%) of the school-going students were found to be at risk on roads while driving. Safety-belt was not used by 28% of the students while half did not use a helmet. More than 70% of the car drivers and two-wheeler drivers drove without license. Conclusion: Majority of the adolescent drivers are at risk on roads. Driving without license and/or helmet and using mobile phone are the main risk factors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: Dengue is an underestimated and under-reported disease. We have analyzed the last 15 years data of dengue reported in Rajasthan with special reference to the year 2015 to assess the ...trends. Materials and Methods: This observational, descriptive study was conducted during January 2016-August 2016. Secondary data were collected from Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) Cell, Directorate, Medical and Health, Jaipur, the website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Census 2011. Reports of P form and L form and line listing of dengue cases of 2015 were collected. Results: Rajasthan had 1452 laboratory-confirmed cases in 2001 and 1850 in 2006 after a gap of 6 years. The next surge came only after 3 years gap. Recently, there was a fourfold increase (>4000 cases/year) during 2013 and 2015. There were substantial dengue deaths till 2009, but thereafter, it never crossed the figure of 10. Surprisingly five districts, i.e., Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Jhalawar, Pali, and Sirohi, did not report a single case of dengue during 2015. There was fourfold increase in dengue cases but paradoxically fourfold decrease in malaria cases in the last 5 years. Conclusion: Dengue was the new emerging disease with 1452 confirmed cases in Rajasthan in 2001. Thereafter, there was a constant high load of dengue; however, case-fatality rate is below one after 2010. Recently, there was a fourfold increase (>4000 cases/year) during 2013 and 2015. Zero reporting of dengue in a few districts indicates the need for improvement in IDSP reporting in these districts.
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) are innate counterparts to Th2 cells and key early responders in helminth infection. ILC2s have two subpopulations: tissue-resident “natural” nILC2s, ...present in the lungs at homeostasis, and “inflammatory” iILC2s, which appear transiently in the lungs during the response to helminth infection. We aim to determine the fate of pulmonary iILC2s and hypothesize that pulmonary iILC2s acquire an nILC2-like phenotype and make biologically relevant long-term contributions to the tissue-resident ILC2 pool. Early studies demonstrated that iILC2s can convert to an nILC2 phenotype, but the prevailing view in the field is that the nILC2 population is maintained through self-renewal. However, fate-mapping models show an external contribution to the pulmonary ILC2 population which corresponds with an influx of iILC2s. We have further characterized the pulmonary ILC2 population during helminth infection and found an intermediate-phenotype population 8 days post infection. Preliminary flow cytometry and scRNA-seq data from congenic transfer experiments indicate that iILC2s may acquire an nILC2 phenotype in vivo. Preliminary multiple infection experiments indicate that mice lacking a pulmonary iILC2 response have smaller nILC2 compartments compared to wildtype counterparts after 3 infections. We are further testing our hypothesis using fate-mapping models and congenic transfer experiments in conjunction with single-cell sequencing approaches to more rigorously confirm these findings. Understanding the contribution of iILC2s to the long-term tissue-resident ILC2 population could lead to therapies in diseases with ILC2 involvement including helminth infection and steroid-resistant asthma.
Supported by NIH grant R01 AI56901-0
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