Pri izvođenju mjerenja relativnim gravimetrom nužno je poznavati iznos vertikalnog gradijenta u svrhu redukcije ubrzanja sile teže s očitanja na visini relativnog gravimetra, na visinu točke ...mjerenja. Za potrebe određivanja vertikalnog gradijenta ubrzanja sile teže korištena su dva relativna gravimetra Scintrex CG-3M:HGI-1 i HGI-2. Mjerenja su provedena na apsolutnoj gravimetrijskoj točci AGT02, u parku Maksimir, u Zagrebu. Mjerenja obaju gravimetara provedena su istodobno na istoj referentnoj visini, uz visinsku razliku stajališta 1,207 m, u osam ponavljanja. Nakon provedenih redukcija mjerenja, koristeći algoritam za korelirana posredna mjerenja, provedeno je izjednačenje po metodi najmanjih kvadrata. Na temelju izjednačenih mjerenja, kao rezultat dobiven je iznos realnog vertikalnog gradijenta ubrzanja sile teže na točci AGT02.
IntroductionForeign body aspiration as one of the leading cause of airway compromise in children remains a serious public health issue. It is estimated that about 3,500 children in the U.S. die each ...year from foreign body suffocation. Such incidents occur in 60 to as many as 90% of cases in patients younger than 3 years, more often in male children due to their playfulness and increased curiosity. Detailed medical history, careful clinical status and radiographic examination of the thoracic organs in two directions is cruical for diagnosis, although X-ray is in many cases completely normal. Rigid bronchoscopy is the first choice for making final diagnosis and foreign body extraction. Most foreign bodies can be found in the right main bronchus (30-60%), left main bronchus (25-50%), trachea (1-13%), larynx 3%, but epidemiological data significantly depend on the authors and institution policy. Foreign body in the respiratory system can cause many complications such as pneumonia, atelectasis, emphysema and bronchiectasis.Case ReportK.K., 13-month boy with inconspicuous perinatal history was hospitalized for RSV positive bronchiolitis when he was 3 months old, and due to impetigo when he was 7 months old. Until the incident he had no other medical issues. At the age of 13 months, he supposedly ‘choked’ with a dried piece of orange after which an intense cough was noted; the father stated that he became cyanotic, so he vigorously slapped him on the back. The child was initially brought for an examination to the ER of Children’s Hospital Zagreb, from where he was reffered to the ER of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department for additional opinion and subsequently hospitalized with the aim of further observation. When being brought for a pediatric examination he weighed 12 kg, with no signs of cyanosis and dyspnea, having oxygen saturation of 96%, neat auscultatory finding on the lungs and no asymmetry during percussion. Radiographic imaging revealed shadow measuring 5.5 cm in length in the projection of the lower part of the trachea and intermediate bronchus (shadow of the hairpin). At that time parents discovered that the child was playing with hairpins that were lying on the floor. Foreign body was successfully removed during rigid bronchoscopy. After the procedure, the child was transferred to the Children’s Hospital Zagreb for further care and treatment near the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. In conclusion, he was discharged without short-term and long-term complications.ConclusionAim of this case report is to point out the importance of radiographic imaging during the diagnostic work-up of a patient with suspected foreing body aspiration having neat auscultatory and percussion findings. Prompt intervention and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for rapid foreign body extraction, in order to reduce the risk of late complications.
Polazeći od fi lozofskih misli O. Spenglera i Aristotela, utvrđeno je da su polimeri prastari, jer sežu tamo do postanka osnovnih prirodnih organskih i anorganskih polimera. Istodobno je uočeno da se ...riječ polimeri učestalo upotrebljava kao zajedničko ime za plastiku i elastomere. Od osnovnih prirodnih organskih polimera: bjelančevina, nukleinskih kiselina i polisaharida dug je povijesni put. Taj se put pokušalo opisati dijagramom toka, tokovnikom. Za navedeni opis potrebne su brojne defi nicije, ali i motivacijska osnova. To je učinjeno u dodatcima A i B. Zaključak je istraživanja: praoblikovanje i prastrukturiranje prirodnih polimera staro je oko 3,5 milijardi godina, a humana obradba razdvajanjem oko 3,4 milijuna godina. Svatko tko se bavi polimerima trebao bi biti obrazovan na odgovarajućoj razini potrebnog znanja s razvijenim tokovnikom.
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