Myelomonocytic leukemia (My) mesoblastic nephroma (Ne) and hepatocellular carcinoma (He) cells were implanted under the renal capsule of F344, Long-Evans (LE) and BDIX rats. Gelaspon sponge discs ...were used in the implantation procedure, which were resorbed within a few days. The tumor cells, which were located on the surface of these discs could then attach themselves to the renal capsule and thus grow. There was a correlation between the number of tumor cells and the difference between the two kidney masses. The correlation was linear between 10(4) and 10(6) cells, thus the method proved to be a simple, fast and quantitative model in experimental cancer prevention and therapy.
A Roman tombstone from Dunaszekcső that can be dated to the middle of the 1st century AD is the subject of this paper. The stela is one of the earliest inscribed stone monuments in Eastern Pannonia ...and proves the existence of the early auxiliary fort of Lugio. As the missicius served 37 years and as he was a Tiberius Claudius (receiving his citizenship in 54 AD, at the latest), the tombstone clearly shows the existence of the cohors I Alpinorum around 17 AD, at the latest.
One of the most important question in the revascularization of patients with impaired left ventricular function caused by coronary heart disease is the proper differentiation of necrotic myocardium ...and the region with the possibility of functional recovery. An improving in myocardial performance causes better survival in patients undergone revascularization. Preoperative assessment of segmental or global contractile reserve as a marker of myocardial viability by various methods in suitable to predict the improvement expected after procedure. It is useful in selection of the patients in whom the restoration of coronary blood flow takes a beneficial effect in their survival and quality of life. Authors based on relevant data summarize the methods in the evaluation of contractile reserve and its usefulness in clinical decision making of various heart diseases.
Aims
The early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is paramount, since there are effective therapies that improve patient survival. The diagnostic accuracy of classical electrocardiographic (ECG) ...signs, such as low voltage, pseudoinfarct pattern, and conduction disturbances in the diagnosis of CA, is inferior to that of the echocardiographic myocardial deformation criteria; therefore, our aim was to find more accurate novel ECG criteria for this purpose.
Methods
We tested the diagnostic value of five novel ECG criteria, two of them devised by us, in 34 patients with confirmed CA (20 transthyretin amyloidosis and 14 AL amyloidosis) and 45 control patients with left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography due to hypertension, valvular aortic stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The following novel ECG criteria, that suggested CA, were tested: QRS amplitude in lead I < 0.55 mV (I < 0.55); QRS amplitude in lead aVR < 0.5 mV (aVR < 0.5); average QRS amplitude of leads I + aVR < 0.575 mV (I + aVR) < 0.575; average QRS amplitude of leads I + aVR/average QRS amplitude of leads V1–4 < 0.375 (I + aVR)/(V1–4) < 0.375; average QRS amplitude of leads I + aVR/longest intrinsicoid deflection in leads I,aVL,V1–6 < 0.0115 (I + aVR)/I,aVL,V1–6ID < 0.0115.
Results
The I < 0.55, aVR < 0.5, (I + aVR) < 0.575, (I + aVR)/(V1–4) < 0.375, (I + aVR)/I,aVL,V1–6ID < 0.0115 test accuracy (TA) were 81%, 84.8%, 82.3%, 84.8%, and 83.3%, respectively; the sensitivity (SE): 76.5%, 82.4%, 85.3%, 82.4%, and 76.9%; specificity (SP): 84.4%, 86.7%, 80%, 86.7%, and 87.5%; positive predictive values (PPV): 78.8%, 82.4%, 76.3%, 82.4%, and 80%; negative predictive values (NPV): 82.6%, 86.7%, 87.8%, 86.7%, and 85.4%; area under curve (AUC) values: 0.8922, 0.8794, 09016, 0.8824, and 0.8462 were respectively. These parameters of the novel ECG criteria were at least as good as those reported by other authors in the literature of the qualitative (TA: 67%, SE: 80%, SP: 34%, PPV: 75%, NPV: 42%, AUC: 0.57) and quantitative apical sparing (TA: 64–80%, SE: 66–81.3%, SP: 55–78.3%, PPV: 33–83.9%, NPV: 41–75%, AUC: 0.62–0.68) and left ventricular ejection fraction/global longitudinal strain >4.1 (TA: 77%, SE: 93%, SP: 38%, PPV: 79%, NPV: 69%, AUC: 0.65) echocardiographic criteria. Among the classical criteria, the low voltage in limb leads criterion was present most frequently (in 73.5%) in patients with CA, with slightly worse diagnostic value than the novel ECG criteria (TA: 78.5%, SE: 73.5%, SP: 82.2%, PPV: 75.8%, NPV: 80.4%).
Conclusions
The novel ECG criteria mostly the aVR < 0.5, (I + aVR)/(V1–4) < 0.375 seem at least as reliable in the diagnosis of CA as the best echocardiographic myocardial deformation criteria and might be used either together with the echocardiographic criteria or as stand‐alone criteria to diagnose CA in the future.
In the mortality statistics behind the coronary heart disease and cancer the stroke is the third leading cause of death. The risk factors of stroke and coronary heart disease are similar, but in a ...recent meta-analysis (Prospective Studies Collaboration) on 450,000 patients from 45 studies didn't find close correlation between the occurrence of stroke and the cholesterol level. In the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial the incidence of haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic stroke was analysed separately and a significant correlation has been found between the high cholesterol level and occurrence of the non-haemorrhagic stroke. The great statin trials in a large scale of patients' groups (different cholesterol and risk levels at the inclusion) beside the decline of coronary events proved a decrease in stroke incidence too. The mechanism of action of the statins on stroke is not known: beside the cholesterol lowering effect the so called pleiotropic effects (plaque stabilisation, improvement of endothelial dysfunction and antithrombotic properties) and a direct effect on vascular tone could get importance. The fact that statins could improve the incidence of coronary events with 24-34%, that of stroke with 10-31%, suggests, that this drugs has to be used more frequently in the clinical practice.
Using questionnaires, the authors evaluated the risk of coronary heart disease in different groups of Hungarian society. Among physicians, teachers, factory workers and agricultural workers, the ...latter seem to be at the highest risk. On the basis of these results obtained in a population of 363 agricultural employees, a detailed risk factor analysis was made. These results were compared with those of the Framingham Offspring Study. Hungarians show alarmingly often a high blood cholesterol level, hypertension, smoking and obesity (the latter factor in women). The more frequent occurrence of the three main risk factors (high blood cholesterol, hypertension, smoking) in young Hungarians is concordant with the fact that the incidence of myocardial infarction in young people in Hungary is one of the highest in the world. The frequency of a positive parental history and obesity in men is lower in the Hungarian population than in the American one. The risk of coronary heart disease in the examined Hungarian population is considered high. The authors have launched a preventive programme.
50 extremely obese women < 35 years of age (their height 164 cm, weight 107 kg, BMI 40) were analyzed in this paper. Following lipidic and lipoprotein parameters were determined: total triglycerides, ...total HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, electrophoresis of serum's lipoproteins, and in the third of patients the level of apoproteins. AI, AII and B. In all patients the level of glycemia on an empty stomach was determined. Gathered results were compared with those of the control group which consisted of 32 metabolically healthy women of corresponding age. On the basis of gathered results it can be concluded that in extremely obese women the level of numerous atherogenic lipidic fractions such as total triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apoprotein B was statistically significantly increased, while the level of protective HDL-cholesterol was statistically significantly decreased. Results of this investigation point to the common connection between obesity and disorder of metabolism considering lipids and lipoproteins which result in increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in obese persons.
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