Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) is a tuberous-rooted flower crop, exhibiting rich diversity in flower color and inflorescence form. The study was conducted to quantify diversity in 24 dahlia genotypes ...based on agronomic traits. The dahlia accessions were grouped based on their similarity for phenotypic resemblance following hierarchal clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). The hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the dahlia accessions into three distinct clusters viz., C1, C2 and C3 comprising 8, 3 and 13 genotypes, respectively. The 24 dahlia genotypes were found scattered across the whole variation observed by PC1 and PC2 (explaining nearly 55.2% of the cumulative total variation). The two-dimensional PCA analysis revealed that the most appropriate traits for grouping the dahlia accessions were plant height, flower weight, stalk length, vase life and number of flowers per plant. The study signifies the importance of germplasm collection, characterization and utilization of dahlia to popularize its commercial cultivation among the flower growers.
The present study was undertaken with an objective to evaluate the effect of different soil-based and soilless growing media compositions supplemented with treated municipal sewage water and tap ...water in different ratios on growth and flowering of potted marigold. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design comprising four media substrates (Soil, burnt rice husk BRH, farmyard manure FYM and cocopeat CP) mixed in four different proportions (M1 to M4) and five irrigation levels (I1 to I5) of different combinations of tap water (TW) and treated sewage water (TSW). Results revealed that the media substrate composition (M4) comprising CP + BRH + FYM (25:25:50) was found to be suitable for sustaining the growth of potted marigold plants. The media had relatively higher percent N, P & K with acceptable pH and EC. The marigold plants raised in M4 media irrigated with TSW (100%) preformed significantly well for vegetative and floral characters, essential for a specimen display without any visual phytotoxicity symptoms. Number of flowers per plant and days to flowering duration were observed significantly higher in M4 compared to other media treatments. The analysis of TSW (100%) revealed higher N (0.91 ppm), P (1.67 ppm), K (24.13 ppm) with pH (7.73) and EC (2.10 ds m
−1
) in acceptable range.
The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-cloxacillin, given as single intravenously dose of 10 mg.kg−1 (5 mg.kg−1 of ampicillin plus 5 mg.kg−1 of cloxacillin) was examined in clinically presented Indian ...thoroughbred horses (n=6) in order to design appropriate dosing strategies. Drug concentrations in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonlin software. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ampicillin-cloxacillin against quality control strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, grown in Muller Hinton Broth, were determined by broth microdilution method. For ampicillin, area under plasma drug concentration time curve (AUC) was 15.2 ± 0.54 µg.h.ml−1, mean residence time (MRT) was 1.33 ± 0.06 h and clearance (Cl) was 0.33 ± 0.01 L.h−1.kg−1. For cloxacillin, AUC was 18.0 ± 0.9 µg.h.ml−1, MRT was 1.28 ± 0.02 h and Cl was 0.28 ± 0.01 L.h−1.kg−1. MIC of ampicillin-cloxacillin combination against E.coli and S.aureus was determined to be 0.4 µg.ml−1. PK-PD integration indicated that to maintain %T > MIC value 50 % for bacteria with MIC ≤ 0.4 µg.ml−1, an appropriate intravenous dosage regimen of ampicillin-cloxacillin combination in horses would be 15 mg.kg−1 (i.e. 7.5 mg.kg−1 of ampicillin plus 7.5 mg.kg−1 of cloxacillin), to be repeated at 12 h intervals. Safety profile of the recommended regimen did not significantly alter any of the 16 biochemical or haematological parameters studied.
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