1 Pathophysiology Research
Laboratory, National Children's Medical Research Center, Tokyo,
154-8509; and 2 Division of
Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
To ...evaluate the
role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in the pathogenesis of
ventilator-induced lung injury, we
1 ) measured TNF- production in
the lung caused by conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and
2 ) evaluated the protective effect
of anti-TNF- antibody (Ab) in saline-lavaged rabbit lungs. After
they received saline lung lavage, rabbits were intratracheally
instilled with 1 mg/kg of polyclonal anti-TNF- Ab in the
high-dose group ( n = 6), 0.2 mg/kg of anti-TNF-
Ab in the low-dose group ( n = 6), serum IgG fraction in the Ab control group
( n = 6), and saline in the saline
control group ( n = 7). Animals then
underwent CMV for 4 h. Levels of TNF- in lung lavage fluid were
significantly higher after CMV than before in both control groups.
Pretreatment with intratracheal instillation of high and low doses of
anti-TNF- Ab improved oxygenation and respiratory compliance,
reduced the infiltration of leukocytes, and ameliorated pathological
findings. CMV led to TNF- production in the lungs, and intratracheal
instillation of anti-TNF- Ab attenuated CMV-induced lung injury in
this model.
conventional mechanical ventilation; intratracheal
instillation
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Non-conjugated thienyl tetrayne derivatives
1–
3
are prepared as novel building block for the construction of indenothiophenone derivatives. Oxidation of
1–
3
, followed by ...cycloaromatization of the corresponding ketone derivatives
13–
15
proceeds smoothly to afford indenothiophenone derivatives
16–
21
in good yields.
In plants, the peroxidase family is involved in a great deal of oxidation reactions essential for living cells, using H sub(2)O sub(2) as an electron acceptor and a variety of substrates as electron ...donors. Nowadays, plant peroxidases are widely used as biological sensing materials in various areas such as medical diagnosis, biosensors, and nanotechnology. Among plant peroxidases, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and soybean peroxidase (SBP) are widely used as model enzymes applicable to various purposes. For the purpose of providing a basis for future innovation by using SBP as a sensing material, we focus on the behavior of purified SBP in responses to known plant peroxidase substrates reportedly involved in superoxide-generating reactions. A chemiluminescence study showed that SBP can catalyze the generation of superoxide in the presence of salicylic acid and indole-3-acetic acid used as the tester substrates for examining the involvement of the conventional peroxidase cycle (involving native form, Compounds I and II) and oxygenase cycle (involving native form, ferrous form, and Compound III), respectively. Enzyme intermediates in the above two redox cycles were spectroscopically determined by recording the typical spectra reflecting the presence of Compound II (peroxidise cycle) and Compound III (oxygenase cycle). Interestingly, addition of nitric oxide in the absence of H sub(2)O sub(2) resulted in the formation of an intermediate resembling Compound II, the catalytically active form in the peroxidase cycle; thus, the novel gaseous regulation of SBP-mediated reaction was proposed.
A young female patient developed acute myocardial infarction during physical exercise. Coronary arteriography in the acute phase demonstrated a coronary fistula originating from the left coronary ...main trunk and communicating with the right atrium. Several branches of the left coronary artery were obstructed by thrombotic material originating from the fistula, causing an acute myocardial infarction.
The study applies acoustic means for the detection of belowground tuberous roots of sweet potato by developing a novel non-invasive sensing technology based on propagation of frequency-modulated ...sound through the soil and its detection with acoustic band-pass filtering devices. The presence of tuberous roots hidden in the bed of sandy soil was successfully detected with the proposed acoustic approach, which is still primitive. However, this investigation may induce further studies and developments for belowground sensing and imaging techniques as novel ecological research tools and to support the introduction of vegetables into so-called “plant factories”.
Hypaphorine, an indolic alkaloid from an ectomycorrhizal fungus is a putative antagonist of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) known to inhibit the effect of IAA in growing roots of
Eucalyptus seedling. ...Previously we have used horseradish peroxidase-C (HRP) as a sensitive reporter of IAA-binding to the IAA-binding domain, and reported that hypaphorine specifically inhibits the HRP-catalyzed superoxide generation coupled to oxidation of IAA Kawano et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 288. Since binding of IAA to the auxin-binding domain is the key step required for IAA oxidation by HRP, it was assumed that the inhibitory effect of hypaphorine is due to its competitive binding to the auxin-binding domain in HRP. Here, we obtained further evidence in support of our assumption that hypaphorine specifically inhibits binding of IAA to HRP. In this study, HRP arrested at the temporal inactive form known as Compound III was used as a sensitive indicator for binding of IAA to HRP. Addition of IAA to the preformed Compound III resulted in rapid decreases in absorption maxima at 415, 545, and 578
nm characteristic to Compound III, and in turn a rapid increase in absorption maximum at 670
nm representing the formation of P-670, the irreversibly inactivated form of hemoproteins, was induced. In contrast, the IAA-dependent irreversible inactivation of HRP was inhibited in the presence of hypaphorine. In addition, the mode of interaction between IAA and hypaphorine was determined to be competitive inhibition, further confirming that hypaphorine is an IAA antagonist which specifically compete with IAA in binding to the IAA-binding site in plant peroxidases.
Low evaluated uncertainties were obtained in a previous evaluation of the {sup 239}Pu prompt fission neutron spectrum and associated covariances for incident neutrons of 0.5 MeV, which were enlarged ...a-posteriori before being incorporated into ENDF/B-VII.1. These low evaluated uncertainties triggered an in-depth study and improved estimate of experimental as well as model uncertainties. Here, we will summarize these efforts and show that the improved estimate of experimental and model uncertainties leads to corresponding evaluated uncertainties in good agreement with uncertainties obtained in a statistical analysis based primarily on experimental information.
New nematicides named fumiquinones A (1) and B (2), together with spinulosin (3), LL-S490beta (4), and pseurotin A (5), were isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus and their structures were established ...by spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR. Compound 1 showed effective nematicidal activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Pratylenchus penetrans without inhibiting plant growth except for lettuce seedlings. Compound 2 showed effective nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus, but had no inhibitory activity against P. penetrans. Compounds 3-5 showed effective nematicidal activities against B. xylophilus without any plant growth inhibition. Compounds 1-5 had no nematicidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans. This is the first report of the nematicidal activities of compounds 3-5.
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