The silicon-boron(Si-B) pitch was successfully synthesized by solution-thermal treatment method using coal pitch, polycarbosilane and borane pyridine as starting materials. The B-Si pitch ...carbonization product was attained by carbonization in the temperature 900degreesC under flowing argon. The Si-B pitch prepared and its carbonization product were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TG-DSC and XRD. The results show that the carbonization product has C-Si and C-B bonds and the silicon and boron components of the product is still amorphous when it is treated at 900degreesC. The weight loss of the Si-B pitch carbonization product at 900degreesC for 12h in air atmosphere is only 3.76wt%. The weight loss of the product is less than 4 wt% when the oxidation temperature reaches 1180degreesC. The prepared B-Si pitch carbonization product possesses good anti-oxidation property at high temperature in air atmosphere.
The continuing threat of dengue fever necessitates a comprehensive characterisation of its epidemiological trends. Phylogenetic and recombination events were reconstructed based on 100 worldwide ...dengue virus (DENV) type 1 genome sequences with an outgroup (prototypes of DENV2-4). The phylodynamic characteristics and site-specific variation were then analysed using data without the outgroup. Five genotypes (GI-GV) and a ladder-like structure with short terminal branch topology were observed in this study. Apparently, the transmission of DENV1 was geographically random before gradual localising with human activity as GI-GIII in South Asia, GIV in the South Pacific, and GV in the Americas. Genotypes IV and V have recently shown higher population densities compared to older genotypes. All codon regions and all tree branches were skewed toward a negative selection, which indicated that their variation was restricted by protein function. Notably, multi-epistatic interaction sites were found in both PrM 221 and NS3 1730. Recombination events accumulated in regions E, NS3-NS4A, and particularly in region NS5. The estimated coevolution pattern also highlights the need for further study of the biological role of protein PrM 221 and NS3 1730. The recent transmission of emergent GV sublineages into Central America and Europe mandates closely monitoring of genotype interaction and succession.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
AIM：To investigate the effect and mechanism of oridonin on the gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 in vitro.METHODS：The inhibitory effect of oridonin on HGC-27 cells was detected using the ...3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.After treatment with 10 μg/mL oridonin for 24 h and 48 h,the cells were stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide.The morphologic changes were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope.DNA fragmen-tation（a hallmark of apoptosis） and lactate dehydrogenase activity were examined using DNA ladder assay and lactate dehydrogenase-release assay.After treated with oridonin（0,1.25,2.5,5 and 10 μg/mL）,HGC-27 cells were collected for anexin V-phycoerythrin and 7-amino-actinomycin D double staining and tested by flow cytometric analysis,and oridonin-induced apoptosis in HGC-27 cells was detected.After treatment with oridonin for 24 h,the effects of oridonin on expression of Apaf-1,Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and cytochrome c were also analyzed using reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and Western blotting.RESULTS：Oridonin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HGC-27 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The inhibition rates of HGC-27 treated with four different concentrations of oridonin for 24 h（1.25,2.5,5 and 10 μg/mL） were 1.78% ± 0.36%,4.96% ± 1.59%,10.35% ± 2.76% and 41.6% ± 4.29%,respectively,which showed a significant difference（P 〈 0.05）.The inhibition rates of HGC-27 treated with oridonin at the four concentrations for 48 h were 14.77% ± 4.21%,21.57% ± 3.75%,30.31% ± 4.91% and 61.19% ± 5.81%,with a significant difference（P 〈 0.05）.The inhibition rates of HGC-27 treated with oridonin for 72 h at the four concentrations were 25.77% ± 4.85%,31.86% ± 3.86%,48.30% ± 4.16% and 81.80% ± 6.72%,with a significant difference（P 〈 0.05）.Cells treated with oridonin showed typical apoptotic features with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.After treatment with oridonin,the cells became round,shrank,and developed small buds around the nuclear membrane while forming apoptotic bodies.Lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） release assay showed that after treated with 1.25 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL oridonin for 24 h,LDH release of HGC-27 caused by apoptosis increased from 22.94% ± 3.8% to 52.68% ± 2.4%（P 〈 0.001）.However,the change in the release of LDH caused by necrosis was insignificant,suggesting thatthe major cause of oridonin-induced HGC-27 cell death was apoptosis.Flow cytometric analysis also revealed that oridonin induced significant apoptosis compared with the controls（P 〈 0.05）.And the apoptosis rates of HGC-27 induced by the four different concentrations of oridonin were 5.3% ± 1.02%,12.8% ± 2.53%,28.5% ± 4.23% and 49.6% ± 3.76%,which were in a dose-dependent manner（P 〈 0.05）.After treatment for 24 h,DNA ladder showed that oridonin induced a significant increase in DNA fragmentation in a dosedependent manner.RT-PCR revealed that mRNA expression levels were up-regulated compared with the controls in caspase-3（0.917 ± 0.103 vs 0.357 ± 0.019,P 〈 0.05）,cytochrome c（1.429 ± 0.111 vs 1.002 ± 0.014,P 〈 0.05）,Apaf-1（0.688 ± 0.101 vs 0.242 ± 0.037,P 〈 0.05） and Bax（0.856 ± 0.101 vs 0.278 ± 0.027,P 〈 0.05）（P 〈 0.05）,whereas down-regulated in Bcl-2（0.085 ± 0.012 vs 0.175 ± 0.030,P 〈 0.05）.Western blotting analysis also confirmed this result.CONCLUSION：Apoptosis of HGC-27 induced by oridonin may be associated with differential expression of Apaf-1,caspase-3 and cytochrome c,which are highly dependent upon the mitochondrial pathway.
碩士
國立屏東科技大學
獸醫學系
89
Abstract
An evaluation of the phylogenic relationship of the virulence associated fusion (F) glycoprotein and haemagglutinin -neuraminidase (HN) gene and its amino acid sequence ...among 10 1999 local. Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) isolated world-widely. The 10 1999 local isolates of NDV originally isolated from the Newcastle disease (ND) outbreak in Taiwan in 1999 by this laboratory were classified as velogenic type NDV by mean of mean death time testing, then individually amplified a 535 and 426 bp segment of fusion (F) glycoprotein and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes, respectively by retrotranscription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), then further amplified a 245 bp segment of the above F gene by nested PCR of the above RT-PCR F gene product.
Nine (90%) and 1 (10%) of the 1999 local isolates were grouped into serotype VII and VI of NDV; the amono acid sequence of the F2 protein C terminal in all 1999 isolates were all with a penta-peptide (112RRQKR116 ) belong to velogenic typ
碩士
國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系電力電子產業研發碩士專班
105
The objective of this thesis is to design and implement on LLC resonant converter with GaN device. The switching frequency is higher than that for conventional LLC ...resonant converter. The output voltage is regulated by the varying switching frequency. Primary side can achieve zero voltage switching and reduce switching losses. And synchronous rectifier is used to reduce conduction losses on secondary side.
The digital signal processor, TMS320F28035, is used as control platform for the verification of design and implementation. The design specifications include: input DC voltage of 400V, output DC voltage of 24V, total power rating of 600W, switching frequency from 260 kHz to 315 kHz. And the maximum efficiency is up to 95.06% under 90% load and zero-voltage switching is achieved.
Objective To explore the postmortem diffusion rule of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in poisoned rabbits, and to provide a reference for identifying the antemortem poisoning or postmortem ...poisoning of Aconitum alkaloids. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were sacrificed by tracheal clamps. After 1 hour, the rabbits were administered with aconitine LD50 in decocting aconite root powder by intragastric administration. Then, they were placed supine and stored at 25 ℃. The biological samples from 3 randomly selected rabbits were collected including heart blood, peripheral blood, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after intragastric administration, respectively. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in the biological samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）. Results At 4 h after intragastric administration, Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites could be detected in heart blood,
Enteroviruses are environmental triggers in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). A sequence of six identical amino acids (PEVKEK) is shared by the 2C protein of Coxsackie virus B and ...the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) molecules. Between 1995 and 2002, we investigated 22 Coxsackie virus B5 (CVB5) isolates from southern Taiwan. Four of these isolates were obtained from four new-onset type 1 DM patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. We compared a 300 nucleotide sequence in the 2C protein gene (p2C) in 24 CVB5 isolates (4 diabetogenic, 18 non-diabetogenic and 2 prototype). We found 0.3-10% nucleotide differences. In the four isolates from type 1 DM patients, there was only 2.4-3.4% nucleotide difference, and there was only 1.7-7.1% nucleotide difference between type 1 DM isolates and non-diabetogenic isolates. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence between prototype virus and 22 CVB5 isolates revealed 18.4-24.1% difference. Twenty-one CVB5 isolates from type 1 DM and non-type 1 DM patients contained the PEVKEK sequence, as shown by the p2C nucleotide sequence. Our data showed that the viral p2C sequence with homology with GAD is highly conserved in CVB5 isolates. There was no difference between diabetogenic and non-diabetogenic CVB5 isolates. All four type 1 DM patients had at least one of the genetic susceptibility alleles HLA-DR, DQA1, DQB1. Other genetic and autoimmune factors such as HLA genetic susceptibility and GAD may also play important roles in the pathogenesis in type 1 DM.
Background There are few studies to assess whether the effect-site concentration of propofol can predict anesthetic depth during the target-controlled infusion （TCI） induction in elderly patients. ...This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between effect-site concentration of propofol and depth of anesthesia during the TCI induction in elderly patients. Methods Ninety patients （60-80 years） with an American Society of Anesthesiologists （ASA） physical status of 1-3, undergoing scheduled abdominal and thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into one of three groups, Group S1, S2 and S3 （30 patients in each group）. The patients in Group S1 received propofol with a target plasma concentration of 4.0 pg/ml; patients in Group S2 received propofol with an initial target plasma concentrations of 2.0 IJg/ml that was raised to 4.0 pg/ml 3 minutes later; patients in Group S3 received an infused scheme of 3 steps; starting from a target plasma concentration of 2.0 pg/ml that was increased stepwised by 1 pg/ml until a target plasma concentration of 4.0 pg/ml was achieved, the interval between the two steps was 3 minutes. When an Observer＇s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation （OANS） score of 1 was achieved, remifentanil （effect-site concentration （Ce） of 4.0 ng/ml） and rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg were administered. Tracheal intubation was started 2 minutes after rocuronium injection. Changes of propofol Ce, blood pressure （BP）, heart rate （HR）, and bispectral index （BIS） were recorded. Results When an OAA/S score of 1 was achieved, Ce of propofol were （1.7±0.4） pg/ml, （1.9±0.3） pg/ml, （1.9±0.4） pg/ml and the BIS values were 64±5, 65±8, and 62±8 in Groups S1, S2 and S3. Before intubation, Ce of propofol was （2.8±0.2） pg/ml, （2.8±0.3） pg/ml, （2.7±0.3） pg/ml, and the BIS values were 48±7, 51±7, and 47±5 in Groups S1, S2 and S3. By linear regression analysis, a significant correlation between Ce of propofol and BIS values was found （r=-0.580, P 〈0.01）. Systolic blood pressure （SBP） before intubation was significantly lower in Group S1 than in Groups S2 and S3. SBP and HR after intubation in the three groups were significantly increased when compared with pre-intubation values, but they did not exceed baseline values Conclusions During the TCI induction, Ce of propofol with （1.9±0.3） pg/ml may make the elderly patients unconscious. When remifentanil with a Ce of 4.0 ng/ml is added a Ce of propofol with （2.8±0.3） pg/ml is suitable for intubation. The Ce of propofol has a close correlation with the BIS values. Also, a two-step TCI technique seems to be a more suitable method of anesthesia induction in elderly patients compared with the no-stepwise TCI technique and three-step TCI technique.
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