The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) and its earlier versions are measures designed to assess societal and interpersonal aspects of appearance ideals. ...Correlational, structural equation modeling, and prospective studies of the SATAQ-3 have shown consistent and significant associations with measures of body image disturbance and eating pathology. In the current investigation, the SATAQ-3 was revised to improve upon some conceptual limitations and was evaluated in 4 U.S. and 3 international female samples, as well as a U.S. male sample. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for a sample of women from the Southeastern United States (N = 859) indicated a 22-item scale with 5 factors: Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat, Internalization: Muscular/Athletic, Pressures: Family, Pressures: Media, Pressures: Peers. This scale structure was confirmed in 3 independent and geographically diverse samples of women from the United States (East Coast N = 440, West Coast N = 304, and North/Midwest N = 349). SATAQ-4 scale scores demonstrated excellent reliability and good convergent validity with measures of body image, eating disturbance, and self-esteem. Study 2 replicated the factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity of the SATAQ-4 in an international sample of women drawn from Italy, England, and Australia (N = 362). Study 3 examined a sample of college males from the United States (N = 271); the 5-factor solution was largely replicated, yet there was some evidence of an underlying structure unique to men. Future research avenues include additional item testing and modification of the scale for men, as well as adaptation of the measure for children and adolescents.
Recent research on the study of the interaction of ruthenium polypyridyl compounds and defined sequence nucleic acids is reviewed. Particular emphasis is paid to complexes Ru(LL)
2
(Int)
2+
...containing potentially intercalating ligands (Int) such as dipyridophenazine (dppz), which are known to display light-switching or photo-oxidising behaviour, depending on the nature of the ancillary ligands. X-ray crystallography has made a key contribution to our understanding, and the first complete survey of structural results is presented. These include sequence, enantiomeric, substituent and structural specificities. The use of ultrafast transient spectroscopic methods to probe the ultrafast processes for complexes such as Ru(TAP)
2
(dppz)
2+
and Ru(phen)
2
(dppz)
2+
when bound to mixed sequence oligonucleotides are reviewed with particular attention being paid to the complementary advantages of transient (visible) absorption and time-resolved (mid) infra-red techniques to probe spectral changes in the metal complex and in the nucleic acid. The observed photophysical properties are considered in light of the structural information obtained from X-ray crystallography. In solution, metal complexes can be expected to bind at more than one DNA step, so that a perfect correlation of the photophysical properties and factors such as the orientation or penetration of the ligand into the intercalation pocket should not be expected. This difficulty can be obviated by carrying out TRIR studies in the crystals. Dppz complexes also undergo insertion, especially with mismatched sequences. Future areas for study such as those involving non-canonical forms of DNA, such as G-quadruplexes or i-motifs are also briefly considered.
Recent research on the study of the interaction of ruthenium polypyridyl compounds and defined sequence nucleic acids is reviewed.
Table of Contents Preamble2647 Introduction2649 Methodology and Evidence Review2649 Organization of the GWC2649 Document Review and Approval2649 Scope of the CPG2650 Overview of ACS2650 Initial ...Evaluation and Management: Recommendations2650 Clinical Assessment and Initial Evaluation2650 Emergency Department or Outpatient Facility Presentation2650 Prognosis--Early Risk Stratification2650 Cardiac Biomarkers and the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction2654 Biomarkers: Diagnosis2654 Biomarkers: Prognosis2654 Discharge From the ED or Chest Pain Unit2655 Early Hospital Care: Recommendations2655 Standard Medical Therapies2655 Oxygen2655 Nitrates2655 Analgesic Therapy2655 Beta-Adrenergic Blockers2656 Calcium Channel Blockers2657 Cholesterol Management2657 Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System2657 Initial Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Definite or Likely NSTE-ACS2657 Initial Oral and Intravenous Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Definite or Likely NSTE-ACS Treated With an Initial Invasive or Ischemia-Guided Strategy2657 Initial Parenteral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Definite NSTE-ACS2659 Ischemia-Guided Strategy Versus Early Invasive Strategies2659 Early Invasive and Ischemia-Guided Strategies2659 Risk Stratification Before Discharge for Patients With an Ischemia-Guided Strategy of NSTE-ACS2661 Myocardial Revascularization: Recommendations2661 PCI--General Considerations2661 PCI--Oral and Intravenous Antiplatelet Agents2661 PCI--GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitors2662 Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients Undergoing PCI2663 Timing of Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft in Patients With NSTE-ACS in Relation to Use of Antiplatelet Agents2663 Late Hospital Care, Hospital Discharge, and Posthospital Discharge Care: Recommendations2663 Medical Regimen and Use of Medications at Discharge2663 Late Hospital and Posthospital Oral Antiplatelet Therapy2664 Combined Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With NSTE-ACS2664 Risk Reduction Strategies for Secondary Prevention2664 Plan of Care for Patients With NSTE-ACS2665 Special Patient Groups: Recommendations2665 NSTE-ACS in Older Patients2665 Heart Failure and Cardiogenic Shock2665 Diabetes Mellitus2667 Post-CABG2668 Perioperative NSTE-ACS Related to Noncardiac Surgery2668 Chronic Kidney Disease2668 Women2668 Anemia, Bleeding, and Transfusion2668 Cocaine and Methamphetamine Users2668 Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina2668 ACS With Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries2669 Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy2669 Quality of Care and Outcomes for ACS--Use of Performance Measures and Registries: Recommendation2669 Summary and Evidence Gaps2669 References2670 Appendix 1 Author Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)2680 Appendix 2 Reviewer Relationships With Industry and Other Entities (Relevant)2683 Preamble The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) are committed to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases through professional education and research for clinicians, providers, and patients. Since 1980, the ACC and AHA have shared a responsibility to translate scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) with recommendations to standardize and improve cardiovascular health.
Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency is an autoinflammatory disease, characterized by various forms of vasculitis. We describe 5 patients with adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency with various hematologic ...manifestations, including pure red cell aplasia, with no evidence for vasculitis.
Pegloticase, a PEGylated recombinant porcine uricase, is approved for treating refractory gout at a dose of 8 mg intravenous (IV) every 2 weeks. However, during phase 1 testing, pharmacokinetics ...supported less frequent dosing. Also, single doses of pegloticase unexpectedly induced antibodies (Ab) that bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG). We have conducted a phase 2 trial to evaluate every 3-week dosing, and to further define the Ab response to pegloticase. Organ transplant recipients were included, as they are prone to severe gout that is difficult to manage, and because treatment to prevent graft rejection might influence the immune response to pegloticase.
Plasma uricase activity (pUox), urate concentration (pUA), and clinical response were monitored during up to 5 infusions in 30 patients, including 7 organ transplant recipients. Depending on whether pUA <6 mg/dL was achieved and maintained, patients were classified as non (NR), persistent (PR), or transient (TR) responders. Ab to pegloticase and 10 kDa mPEG were monitored by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and specificity was further defined.
We observed 17 PR, 12 TR, and 1 NR; 21 patients (16 PR, 5 TR) received all 5 infusions. Over the 15-week trial, pUA in PR averaged 1.0 ± 0.4 mg/dL; T½ for pUox was approximately 13 days, and area under the curve after dose 5 was approximately 30% higher than after dose 1. PR showed clinical benefit and in some, tophi resolved. In 11 of 12 TR, pUox fell rapidly and hyperuricemia recurred before dose 2. In all TR and NR, loss of response to pegloticase was accompanied by Ab to PEG, which was pre-existing in half of those who had no prior exposure to pegloticase. No PR, and 1 one out of 7 organ transplant recipients, had a sustained Ab response to pegloticase.
Every 3-week dosing is effective and may enhance the utility of pegloticase for treating refractory gout. Ab to PEG, which were pre-existing or induced by treatment, caused rapid loss of efficacy and increased the risk of infusion reactions. Organ transplant recipients can benefit from pegloticase, and may be less prone than non-recipients to developing anti-PEG Ab. Investigation of immunosuppressive strategies to minimize anti-PEG Ab is warranted.
ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00111657.
It is well established that cancer-associated epigenetic repression occurs concomitant with CpG island hypermethylation and loss of nucleosomes at promoters, but the role of nucleosome occupancy and ...epigenetic reprogramming at distal regulatory elements in cancer is still poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the scope of global epigenetic alterations at enhancers and insulator elements in prostate and breast cancer cells using simultaneous genome-wide mapping of DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy (NOMe-seq). We find that the genomic location of nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) is mostly cell type specific and preferentially found at enhancers in normal cells. In cancer cells, however, we observe a global reconfiguration of NDRs at distal regulatory elements coupled with a substantial reorganization of the cancer methylome. Aberrant acquisition of nucleosomes at enhancer-associated NDRs is associated with hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing marks, and conversely, loss of nucleosomes with demethylation and epigenetic activation. Remarkably, we show that nucleosomes remain strongly organized and phased at many facultative distal regulatory elements, even in the absence of a NDR as an anchor. Finally, we find that key transcription factor (TF) binding sites also show extensive peripheral nucleosome phasing, suggesting the potential for TFs to organize NDRs genome-wide and contribute to deregulation of cancer epigenomes. Together, our findings suggest that "decommissioning" of NDRs and TFs at distal regulatory elements in cancer cells is accompanied by DNA hypermethylation susceptibility of enhancers and insulator elements, which in turn may contribute to an altered genome-wide architecture and epigenetic deregulation in malignancy.
Language is powerful and can have a strong impact on perceptions as well as behavior. A task force, consisting of representatives from the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) and the ...American Diabetes Association (ADA), convened to discuss language in diabetes care and education. This document represents the expert opinion of the task force. The literature supports the need for a language movement in diabetes care and education. There are effective ways of communicating about diabetes. This article provides recommendations for language used by health care professionals and others when discussing diabetes through spoken or written words-whether directed to people with diabetes, colleagues, or the general public, as well as research questions related to language and diabetes.
Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are used increasingly to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Reports were published recently on hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBV-R) in patients ...with HBV-HCV co-infection. Hepatitis B virus reactivation, defined as an abrupt increase in HBV replication in patients with inactive or resolved HBV infection, may result in clinically significant hepatitis.
To assess whether HBV-R is a safety concern in patients receiving HCV DAAs.
Descriptive case series.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
29 patients with HBV-R receiving HCV DAAs.
Clinical and laboratory data.
The FDA identified 29 unique reports of HBV-R in patients receiving DAAs from 22 November 2013 to 15 October 2016. Two cases resulted in death and 1 case in liver transplantation. Patients in whom HBV-R developed were heterogeneous regarding HCV genotype, DAAs received, and baseline HBV characteristics. At baseline, 9 patients had a detectable HBV viral load, 7 had positive results on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing and had an undetectable HBV viral load, and 3 had negative results on HBsAg testing and had an undetectable HBV viral load. For the remaining 10 patients, data points were not reported or the data were uninterpretable. Despite provider knowledge of baseline HBV, HBV-R diagnosis and treatment were delayed in 7 cases and possibly 7 others.
The quality of information varied among reports. Because reporting is voluntary, HBV-R associated with DAAs likely is underreported.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation is a newly identified safety concern in patients with HBV-HCV co-infection treated with DAAs. Patients with a history of HBV require clinical monitoring while receiving DAA therapy. Studies would help determine the risk factors for HBV-R, define monitoring frequency, and identify patients who may benefit from HBV prophylaxis and treatment. DAAs remain a safe and highly effective treatment for the management of HCV infection.
None.
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