In October 2017, the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) Bureau established a committee for the design of SCOSTEP's Next Scientific Programme (NSP). The NSP committee members ...and authors of this paper decided from the very beginning of their deliberations that the predictability of the Sun–Earth System from a few hours to centuries is a timely scientific topic, combining the interests of different topical communities in a relevant way. Accordingly, the NSP was christened PRESTO – PREdictability of the variable Solar–Terrestrial cOupling. This paper presents a detailed account of PRESTO; we show the key milestones of the PRESTO roadmap for the next 5 years, review the current state of the art and discuss future studies required for the most effective development of solar–terrestrial physics.
Abstract
In this paper we used analytical electron microscopy, potentiometric titration (electrode potential), sorption and flotation measurements and other methods to study changes in the surface ...morphology, electrochemical, and physicochemical properties of the natural pyrrhotite exposed to nonthermal action of the repetitive nanosecond high-power electromagnetic pulses and low-temperature plasma of dielectric barrier discharge in air at atmospheric pressure. As a result of exposure to high-voltage nanosecond pulses, a sharp shift in the electrode potential of pyrrhotite to the region of negative values caused a decrease in the sorption of the anionic collector on the mineral, a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the surface and flotation of the mineral was due to an increase in the content of oxidized ferric iron on the mineral surface. Dielectric barrier discharge treatment caused the shift of the electrode potential to the region of negative values (–60 mV) in the range of pH 9.7-12, which causes the effect of a decrease in the sorption and flotation activity of pyrrhotite. The advantages of using the short-term (10-30 seconds) energy impacts for structural and chemical modification of the surface and physicochemical properties of sulfide minerals of iron are shown.
Catalysts containing highly dispersed platinum metal particles in a matrix of chromium oxides with different degrees of oxidation on metallic supports were obtained using the hydrothermal ...decomposition reactions of Pt(NH
3
)
4
CrO
4
and Cr(NH
3
)
5
ClPtCl
4
complexes. The Kh18N10T and Kh20N80 alloys as chips or metal rubber blocks were used as the metal supports. The properties of the catalysts were studied in model reactions of the complete oxidation of propane and
n
-hexane.
Abstract
We investigate displacement measurements of up to 17 μm on a heterodyne laser interferometer laboratory model. The measurement error for small (up to 200 nm) linear displacements is found to ...be 270 pm at a 10-s averaging time. The results obtained can be used for developing a space laser interferometric system for the global Earth’s gravity field mapping.
The methods of scanning electron microscopy, potentiometric titration (electrode potential), and microhardness measurements are used to study the mechanism of the influence of electromagnetic-pulse ...impacts of two types (dielectric-barrier discharge in air at atmospheric pressure and high-voltage nanosecond electromagnetic pulses) on the morphology, structural and physical-chemical properties of the surface of natural pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. The advantages of the use of short-term (
t
treat
= 10–30 s) energy impacts for structural and chemical modification of the surface and physical-chemical properties of sulfide minerals of iron and copper in order to improve the efficiency of treatment of difficult copper-nickel sulfide ores are shown.
The optimization of the parameters of laser cooling and the investigation of the heating rate in ion traps require the measurement of the temperature of ion chains for which the Lamb–Dicke regime is ...satisfied. A novel method based on the investigation of the dynamics of Rabi oscillations at a narrow electron transition in an individual ion of the chain has been suggested for such measurement. An analytical expression for the population of the upper state as a function of the excitation time is derived taking into account the thermal distribution of phonons over the vibrational modes of a chain with an arbitrary number of ions. The method is tested experimentally for the chain of five
ions using the quadrupole transition at 435 nm, as well as for a single ion. The heating rate measured for the axial vibrational mode in the implemented trap is 8 × 10
3
phonons/s.
We report the results of studying a compact laser system designed for manipulating a quantum state of the optical qubit based on the 2S1/2 → 2D3/2 quadrupole transition in the 171Yb+ ion at a ...wavelength of 435.5 nm. An emission power of the laser system reaches 500 μW at λ = 435.5 nm and the relative frequency instability of at most 3 × 10−15 is achieved at averaging intervals from 0.5 to 50 s with a subtracted linear frequency drift. The compactness of the developed system makes it possible to employ it in transportable systems including optical clocks.
Various biological models are used to isolate West Nile virus, but their role as a selection factor that facilitates selection of isolates with certain properties is usually not evaluated. We ...compared pathogenic properties of three strains of the West Nile virus obtained from one sample of virus-containing material using different models: WNV Volgograd 900m/18 (on the model of suckling mice), WNV Volgograd 900a/18 (on C6/36 cells) and WNV Volgograd 900v/18 (on Vero cells). WNV Volgograd 900m/18 strain demonstrated virulent (LD
50
5×10
3
±0.005×10
4
PFU,
p
≤0.05) and neuroinvasive properties, induced viremia and pathomorphological changes in the liver, lymph nodes, and brain of nonlinear white mice. WNV Volgograd 900v/18 strain had similar characteristics except for neuroinvasiveness. WNV Volgograd 900a/18 variant demonstrated minimum virulence (LD
50
5×10
4
±0.005×10
4
PFU,
p
≤0.05), did not cause neurological symptoms, and was not isolated from the blood of infected animals.
We consider two methods of lowering thermal noise, which limits the attainable frequency stability of lasers stabilised to a high-Q external Fabry - Perot cavity. These are cavity lengthening and use ...of high-Q mechanical materials in the production of its constituent parts. The results of numerical simulation are outlined for the horizontal and vertical suspension systems of the cavity body and its sensitivity to vibrations in these cases. The progress in the development of ultrastable laser systems using cryogenic silicon cavities is also discussed.
The catalytic phases containing highly dispersed platinum metal particles on large particles of mixed cobalt oxide were obtained from the binary complex Co(NH
3
)
5
ClPtCl
4
under hydrothermal ...conditions. The chemical and phase composition and the morphology of the formed particles were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The catalytic phases were deposited onto the metal supports of Kh18N10T and Kh20N80 alloys as chips or metal rubber blocks under autoclave conditions. The catalysts exhibited significant activity in a model reaction of the complete oxidation of propane.
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