Smart cities have been developed over the past decade, and reducing traffic congestion has been the top concern in smart city development. Short delays in communication between vehicles and Roadside ...Units (RSUs), smooth traffic flow, and road safety are the key challenges of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs). The rapid upsurge in the number of road vehicles has increased traffic congestion and the number of road accidents. To fix this issue, Vehicular Networks (VNs) have developed many new ideas, including vehicular communications, navigation, and traffic control. Machine Learning (ML) is an efficient approach to finding hidden insights into ITS without being programmed explicitly by learning from data. This research proposed a fusion-based intelligent traffic congestion control system for VNs (FITCCS-VN) using ML techniques that collect traffic data and route traffic on available routes to alleviate traffic congestion in smart cities. The proposed system provides innovative services to the drivers that enable a view of traffic flow and the volume of vehicles available on the road remotely, intending to avoid traffic jams. The proposed model improves traffic flow and decreases congestion. The proposed system provides an accuracy of 95% and a miss rate of 5%, which is better than previous approaches.
With the development of distributed generation and the corresponding importance of the P.V. (photovoltaic) system, it is desired to operate a P.V. system efficiently and reliably. To ensure such an ...operation, a monitoring system is required to diagnose the health of the system. This paper aims to analyze a P.V. system under various operating conditions to identify parameters-derived from the I-V (current-voltage) characteristics of the P.V. system-that could serve as electrical signatures to various faulty operations and facilitate in devising a monitoring algorithm for the system. A model-based approach has been adopted to represent a P.V. system, using a one-diode model of a practical P.V. cell, developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The modelled system comprises two arrays, while each array has two panels in series. It was simulated for various operating conditions: healthy condition represented by STC (Standard Testing Condition), O.C. (open-circuited), soiling, P.S. (partial-shading), H.S. (panels hotspots) and P.D. (panels degradation) conditions. For the analysis of I-V curves under these conditions, six derived parameters were selected: Vte (equivalent thermal voltage), MCPF (maximum current point factor), Ri (currents ratio), S (slope), and Dv and Di (voltages and currents differences, respectively). Using these parameters, data of the actual system under various conditions were compared with its model-generated data for healthy operating conditions. Thresholds were set for each parameter's value to mark normal operation range. It was observed that almost each considered fault creates a unique combination of sensitive parameters whose values exceeds the pre-defined thresholds, creating an electrical signature that will appear only when the corresponding conditions on the system are achieved. Based on these signatures, an algorithm has been proposed in this study which aims to identify and classify the considered faults. In comparison to other such studies, this work has been focused on those sensitive parameters for faults identification which shows greater sensitivity and contribute more to creation of unique sets of sensitive parameters for considered faults.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
3.
TAX FARMING REDUX Khan, Adnan Q.; Khwaja, Asim I.; Olken, Benjamin A.
The Quarterly journal of economics,
02/2016, Letnik:
131, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Performance pay for tax collectors has the potential to raise revenues, but might come at a cost if it increases the bargaining power of tax collectors vis-à-vis taxpayers. We report the first ...large-scale field experiment on these issues, where we experimentally allocated 482 property tax units in Punjab, Pakistan, into one of three performance pay schemes or a control. After two years, incentivized units had 9.4 log points higher revenue than controls, which translates to a 46% higher growth rate. The scheme that rewarded purely on revenue did best, increasing revenue by 12.9 log points (64% higher growth rate), with little penalty for customer satisfaction and assessment accuracy compared to the two other schemes that explicitly also rewarded these dimensions. The revenue gains accrue from a small number of properties becoming taxed at their true value, which is substantially more than they had been taxed at previously. The majority of properties in incentivized areas in fact pay no more taxes, but instead report higher bribes. The results are consistent with a collusive setting in which performance pay increases collectors’ bargaining power over taxpayers, who have to either pay higher bribes to avoid being reassessed or pay substantially higher taxes if collusion breaks down.
The 2018 Global Innovation Index ranks Pakistan 118 out of 126 in innovation. One of the main reasons why developing countries, such as Pakistan, fail to innovate is their improvisation of astute and ...concurrent knowledge. This study explores the contemporary hurdles that lead to manufacturing firms' low agility and innovation performance. Based on the theory of dynamic capability view and the theory of absorptive capacity, we propose that the knowledge absorption capacity of firms can help them organize or utilize dynamic capabilities, such as big data analytics and digital platform capability, to enhance their agility and innovation performance. However, in the presence of a diversified organizational culture (i.e., flexibility orientations and data-driven culture), the desired outcomes may be affected. For this purpose, this study performed a questionnaire survey to collect data for validating the theoretical model. The collected responses from 325 manufacturing firms were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and empirical results reveal a positive relationship between the knowledge absorption capacity, agility, and innovation performance of firms mediated by big data analytics and DP capabilities. Flexibility orientations also showed a significant moderating role, but the role of data-driven culture was not significant. Statistical results reject the hypothesis. This study enriches the scope of the theories mentioned above and comes up with several other interesting theoretical and managerial implications valuable for academicians and policymakers.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) – the byproducts of aerobic metabolism – influence numerous aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act like a double-edged ...sword; they play multiple beneficial roles at low concentrations, whereas at high concentrations ROS and related redox-active compounds cause cellular damage through oxidative stress. To examine the dual role of ROS as harmful oxidants and/or crucial cellular signals, this review elaborates that (i) how plants sense and respond to ROS in various subcellular organelles and (ii) the dynamics of subsequent ROS-induced signaling processes. The recent understanding of crosstalk between various cellular compartments in mediating their redox state spatially and temporally is discussed. Emphasis on the beneficial effects of ROS in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis, regulating diverse cellular functions, and activating acclimation responses in plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses are described. The comprehensive view of cellular ROS dynamics covering the breadth and versatility of ROS will contribute to understanding the complexity of apparently contradictory ROS roles in plant physiological responses in less than optimum environments.
•The evolution of ROS as harmful oxidants and/or universal signaling metabolites in eukaryotic cells is critically appraised.•A comprehensive view of cellular ROS dynamics, with particular emphasis on crosstalk between cellular compartments in mediating their redox state spatially and temporally is discussed.•The beneficial roles of ROS to regulate a diverse array of plant cellular responses under stress conditions are highlighted.
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•Adsorption behavior of six different nitro-explosives on carbon nitride (C2N) surface is studied.•Nature of interactions between nitro-explosives and C2N is studied via NCI, SAPT0 ...and QTAIM analysis.•The most stable geometry is observed for trinitro benzene (TNB), which is consistent with FMO analysis.•Carbon nitride (C2N) is highly selective towards trinitro benzene (TNB) among all studied nitro-explosives.
Sensitive and rapid detection of nitro-explosives is vital to ensure military and homeland security. Therefore, we have carried out DFT calculations to explore the selectivity and sensitivity of C2N surface against nitro-aromatic analytes. Adsorption energies of nitro-explosives@C2N complexes are computed at M05-2X/6–31++G(d,P) level of theory. Significant changes are observed in geometric and electronic parameters upon interaction of C2N surface with nitro-explosives. Non-covalent interactions exist between nitro-explosives and C2N which are confirmed through RDG in NCI and QTAIM analysis. Electronic properties illustrate the sensitivity of C2N surface towards all studied analytes, however higher sensitivity is observed for trinitrobenzene (TNB). Significant reduction in HOMO-LUMO gap reveals higher conductivity of C2N surface upon complexations. The NBO analysis shows that charge is shifted from surface (C2N) to nitro-explosives (except TNB and 1,3-DNB). The highest charge transfer is obtained in case of 1,4-DNB@C2N as compared to other studied analytes. Our FMO results indicate that C2N surface has the highest sensing ability for TNB, which is consistent with the results of adsorption energy. We strongly believe that this study will provide guidance to experimentalist to explore new surface like carbon nitride for sensing toxic agents.
Making Moves Matter Khan, Adnan Q.; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz; Olken, Benjamin A.
The American economic review,
01/2019, Letnik:
109, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Bureaucracies often post staff to better or worse locations, ostensibly to provide incentives. Yet we know little about whether this works, with heterogeneity in preferences over postings impacting ...effectiveness. We propose a performance-ranked serial dictatorship mechanism, whereby bureaucrats sequentially choose desired locations in order of performance. We evaluate this using a two-year field experiment with 525 property tax inspectors in Pakistan. The mechanism increases annual tax revenue growth by 30–41 percent. Inspectors whom our model predicts face high equilibrium incentives under the scheme indeed increase performance more. Our results highlight the potential of periodic merit-based postings in enhancing bureaucratic performance.
In this paper, we find the solution of the time-fractional Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation with the help of two different methods. The newell-Whitehead-Segel equation plays an efficient role in ...nonlinear systems, describing the stripe patterns' appearance in two-dimensional systems. Four case study problems of Newell-Whitehead-Segel are solved by the proposed methods with the aid of the Antagana-Baleanu fractional derivative operator and the Laplace transform. The numerical results obtained by suggested techniques are compared with an exact solution. To show the effectiveness of the proposed methods, we show exact and analytical results compared with the help of graphs and tables, which are in strong agreement with each other. Also, the results obtained by implementing the suggested methods at various fractional orders are compared, which confirms that the solution gets closer to the exact solution as the value tends from fractional-order towards integer order. Moreover, proposed methods are interesting, easy and highly accurate in solving various nonlinear fractional-order partial differential equations.
Mathematical models can be very useful in determining efficient and successful antibiotic dosing regimens. In this study, we consider the problem of determining optimal antibiotic dosing when ...bacteria resistant to antibiotics are present in addition to susceptible bacteria. We consider two different models of resistance acquisition, both involve the horizontal transfer (HGT) of resistant genes from a resistant to a susceptible strain. Modeling studies on HGT and study of optimal antibiotic dosing protocols in the literature, have been mostly focused on transfer of resistant genes via conjugation, with few studies on HGT via transformation. We propose a deterministic ODE based model of resistance acquisition via transformation, followed by a model that takes into account resistance acquisition through conjugation. Using a numerical optimization algorithm to determine the ‘best’ antibiotic dosing strategy. To illustrate our optimization method, we first consider optimal dosing when all the bacteria are susceptible to the antibiotic. We then consider the case where resistant strains are present. We note that constant periodic dosing may not always succeed in eradicating the bacteria while an optimal dosing protocol is successful. We determine the optimal dosing strategy in two different scenarios: one where the total bacterial population is to be minimized, and the next where we want to minimize the bacterial population at the end of the dosing period. We observe that the optimal strategy in the first case involves high initial dosing with dose tapering as time goes on, while in the second case, the optimal dosing strategy is to increase the dosing at the beginning of the dose cycles followed by a possible dose tapering. As a follow up study we intend to look at models where ‘persistent’ bacteria may be present in additional to resistant and susceptible strain and determine the optimal dosing protocols in this case.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
10.
Commentary: Welcome to the machine Khan, Adnan A.; Khabbaz, Kamal R.
The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
12/2023, Letnik:
166, Številka:
6
Journal Article
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