A recent new measurement and reanalysis of past measurements suggested an improved quenching factor value and uncertainty for CsINa. This implies a measurement of the COHERENT experiment of coherent ...elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering that is closer to the Standard Model prediction and has less uncertainty. We illustrate the impact of this improvement by revisiting fits to the Weinberg angle, neutrino magnetic moments, neutron rms and neutrino charge radii, weak nuclear charge of the Cs nucleus, neutrino nonstandard interactions (in particular those relevant for LMA-Dark), and new scalar as well as vector bosons. Significant improvement is observed, particularly for those scenarios coherently affecting the electroweak SM process.
Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging imaging modality that is based upon the photoacoustic effect. In photoacoustic tomography (PAT), the induced acoustic pressure waves are measured by an array of ...detectors and used to reconstruct an image of the initial pressure distribution. A common challenge faced in PAT is that the measured acoustic waves can only be sparsely sampled. Reconstructing sparsely sampled data using standard methods results in severe artifacts that obscure information within the image. We propose a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture termed fully dense UNet (FD-UNet) for removing artifacts from two-dimensional PAT images reconstructed from sparse data and compare the proposed CNN with the standard UNet in terms of reconstructed image quality.
A
bstract
We explore the possibility of relating extra dimensions with light and heavy Dirac-type neutral leptons and develop a framework for testing them in various laboratory experiments. The ...Kaluza-Klein modes in the large extra dimension models of the light neutral leptons could mix with the standard model neutrinos and produce observable effects in the oscillation experiments. We show that the chirality flipping up-scattering processes occurring through either neutrino magnetic dipole moment or the weakly coupled scalar interactions can also produce heavy Kaluza-Klein modes of the corresponding right-handed neutral leptons propagating in one or more extra dimensions. However, to conserve the four- dimensional energy-momentum, their masses must be below the maximum energy of the neutrinos in the initial state. The appreciable size of extra dimensions connected with these heavy neutral leptons can thus affect the cross-sections of these processes. This framework applies to any up-scattering process. Our work here focuses only on its application to the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process. We derive constraints on the size of extra dimensions using the COHERENT data in oscillation and up-scattering processes. For model with one large extra dimension for the light neutral leptons, we obtain the limits,
R
~ 3
μ
m (NH) and
R
~ 2
.
5
μ
m (IH), on the size of extra dimension corresponding to the absolute mass limit,
m
0
≤ 3 × 10
−
3
eV at 90% C.L. from the short-baseline oscillations. Using the up-scattering process for heavy neutral leptons, we obtain new parameter spaces between the size of extra dimensions and parameters of the dipole or scalar interactions.
We perform a constrained spectral fit analysis of the excess observed in the electron recoil energy spectrum by XENON1T with neutrino magnetic moment, charge radius, neutrino millicharge and new ...light vector and scalar mediators. Within limits allowed by other laboratory experiments we find that the excess can be explained in the range (2−4)×10−11μB for the magnetic moment, (2−6)×10−31 cm2 for the charge radius, (1.7−2.3)×10−12e for the millicharge and (10−100) keV masses of light mediators with couplings of 3.5×10−7 for vector/axial-vector, 1×10−6 and 4×10−6 for scalar and pseudo-scalar mediators respectively. Among all neutrino millicharge, magnetic moment and vector mediators fit better to the observed spectrum. We also derive constraints on all new physics parameters considered here.
We derive new limits on the neutrino electromagnetic interactions and weakly coupled light vector and scalar mediators using the recent XENONnT data of the solar neutrino-electron elastic scattering. ...XENONnT has already reported the world's best constraint on the flavor-independent effective neutrino magnetic moment with almost twice the exposure and improved systematics. We extend this analysis and derive constraints on all the possible electromagnetic interactions and flavor universal light gauge boson couplings and masses, which could contribute to the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. We consider both flavor-independent and flavor-dependent interactions of the neutrino magnetic moments, millicharges, charge radii, and anapole moments for the electromagnetic interactions. The new limits on the magnetic moment, millicharge, vector, and scalar interactions are improved by about one order of magnitude. At the same time, there is relatively weaker improvement in the case of neutrino charge radii and anapole moments.
Facial nerve palsy leaves people unable to move muscles on the affected side of their face. Challenges exist in patients accessing facial neuromuscular retraining (NMR), a therapy used to strengthen ...muscle and improve nerve function. Access to therapy could potentially be improved through the use of digital technology. However, there is limited research available on patients' and clinicians' views about the potential benefits of such telerehabilitation based on their lived experiences of treatment pathways.
This study aims to gather information about facial palsy treatment pathways in the United Kingdom, barriers to accessing NMR, factors influencing patient adherence, measures used to monitor recovery, and the potential value of emerging wearable digital technology.
Separate surveys of patients with facial palsy and facial therapy specialists were conducted. Questionnaires explored treatment pathways and views on telerehabilitation, were co-designed with users, and followed a similar format to enable cross-referencing of responses. A follow-up survey of national specialists investigated methods used to monitor recovery in greater detail. Analysis of quantitative data was conducted allowing for data distribution. Open-text responses were analyzed using thematic content analysis.
A total of 216 patients with facial palsy and 25 specialist therapists completed the national surveys. Significant variations were observed in individual treatment pathways. Patients reported an average of 3.27 (SD 1.60) different treatments provided by various specialists, but multidisciplinary team reviews were rare. For patients diagnosed most recently, there was evidence of more rapid initial prescribing of corticosteroids (prednisolone) and earlier referral for NMR therapy. Barriers to NMR referral included difficulties accessing funding, shortage of specialist therapists, and limited awareness of NMR among general practitioners. Patients traveled long distances to reach an NMR specialist center; 9% (8/93) of adults reported traveling ≥115 miles. The thematic content analysis demonstrates positive attitudes to the introduction of digital technology, with similar incentives and barriers identified by both patients and clinicians. The follow-up survey of 28 specialists uncovered variations in the measures currently used to monitor recovery and no agreed definitions of a clinically significant change for any of these. The main barriers to NMR adherence identified by patients and therapists could all be addressed by using suitable real-time digital technology.
The study findings provide valuable information on facial palsy treatment pathways and views on the future introduction of digital technology. Possible ways in which emerging sensor-based digital technology can improve rehabilitation and provide more rigorous evidence on effectiveness are described. It is suggested that one legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic will be lower organizational barriers to this introduction of digital technology to assist NMR delivery, especially if cost-effectiveness can be demonstrated.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We analyze new data from the COHERENT experiment of the coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering to investigate the electromagnetic interactions of neutrinos. With almost double the statistics and ...precision now, the statistical significance of the observed process has now enhanced to 11.6σ. We derive constraints on the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos using the new COHERENT data. The constraints improve by more than a factor of two compared to the previous bounds. Furthermore, we discuss the unique behavior of the neutrino millicharge at lower energy recoils and show its unique dependence on its interference with the standard model contribution, inverse power of recoil energy and the mass of the target particle in comparison to the other interactions.
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway with emerging functions in mammalian neurodevelopment and human neurodevelopmental diseases. The mechanisms controlling autophagy in neuronal development ...are not fully understood. Here, we found that conditional deletion of the Forkhead Box O transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3, and FoxO4 strongly impaired autophagic flux in developing neurons of the adult mouse hippocampus. Moreover, FoxO deficiency led to altered dendritic morphology, increased spine density, and aberrant spine positioning in adult-generated neurons. Strikingly, pharmacological induction of autophagy was sufficient to correct abnormal dendrite and spine development of FoxO-deficient neurons. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel link between FoxO transcription factors, autophagic flux, and maturation of developing neurons.
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•FoxOs control morphology and spine density of adult-born hippocampal neurons•Autophagic flux is severely impaired in FoxO-deficient, adult-born neurons•Induction of autophagy rescues dendrite and spine deficits of FoxO-ablated neurons
Schäffner et al. identify FoxO transcription factors as critical regulators of autophagic flux in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and show that FoxO-dependent autophagic flux is necessary for morphological maturation and synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal neurons.
PandaX-II has analyzed their complete data set of the electron recoil energy spectrum and has confirmed the XENON1T (1-7) keV excess, although the excess was also found compatible with the total ...background. Treating the background as well known, in which case it provides a good fit to the observed spectrum, one can expect stronger constraints on any new physics model with this data. With this motivation, we derive constraints on the new general vector (V), axial-vector (A), scalar (S) and pseudoscalar (P) interactions if any of them contribute to the neutrino-electron elastic scattering. The derived constraints on the couplings at 90% C.L., respectively, are gV′≲32×10−7 for the mediator mass ≲10keV, gA′≲34×10−7 for mass ≲10keV, gS≲49×10−7 for mass ≲20keV and gP≲67×10−7 for mass ≲30keV.
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