•We analysed 22 minor and trace elements in milk and yogurts, using ICP-MS.•Method was validated by detection limits, precision, accuracy and recovery tests.•Essential elements were found making good ...contribution in accordance to RDA.•Zinc showed the highest concentration, followed by Rb, Se, Sr and Cr.•Toxic trace elements were found very low and did not pose any threat to consumers.
This study aimed at analysing the content of 22 minor and trace elements in milk and yogurts from South Korea, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), after digestion using heating block. The analytical method was validated by detection limits, precision, accuracy and recovery experiments, obtaining satisfactory results in all cases. Results of both minor and trace elements were found mostly similar in all varieties of milk and yogurts studied. Copper and manganese were comparatively high in fruit mixed yogurts, while selenium was high in milk samples. The overall concentrations of minor elements were found to have good nutritional values in accordance to RDA. Zn showed the highest concentration, followed by Rb, Se, Sr and Cr. The level of toxic trace elements, including As, Cd and Pb were very low and did not pose any threat to consumers.
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for exploration of underwater resources. Security plays an important role in the UWSNs environment because the environment of ...UWSNs is prone to different security attacks. This research proposes SEECR: Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing protocol for UWSNs. SEECR comprised of energy efficient and strong defense mechanism for combatting attacks in underwater environment. SEECR exploits cooperative routing for enhancing the performance of network. Considering the resource constrained UWSNs environment minimum computation is employed for implementing security so that SEECR remains suitable for underwater environment. In order to evaluate the performance of SEECR, this research compares the performance of SEECR with AMCTD: Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-optimized DBR - a well-known routing protocol for UWSNs environment. The performance of SEECR and AMCTD protocols are evaluated using different performance evaluation parameters such as number of alive nodes, transmission loss, throughput, energy tax and end-to-end delay. The results suggest an improved performance of SEECR over AMCTD. SEECR shows an improvement of 9% in terms of number of alive nodes, over 50% reduction in terms of transmission loss, up to 9% increase in throughput, up to 23% reduction in energy tax, and 25% reduction in end-to-end delay. Further, we observe that attack significantly degrades the performance of AMCTD whereas due to the embedded defense mechanism in SEECR the impact of attack is negligible.
•A total of 129 coffee samples were analyzed by ICP-OES, ICP-MS and DMA.•Elemental profiling of 45 elements was used to authenticate the geographical origin.•Statistical analyses such as ANOVA, CA, ...LDA and PCA were performed.•The order of macro elements was; K>P>Mg>Ca>S>Na>Fe.•The concentrations of toxic trace elements were lower than the PTWI values.
This study was aimed to establish the elemental profiling and provenance of coffee samples collected from eleven major coffee producing regions of Ethiopia. A total of 129 samples were analyzed for forty-five elements using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectroscopy (OES), ICP-mass spectrometry (MS) and direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Among the macro elements, K showed the highest levels whereas Fe was found to have the lowest concentration values. In all the samples, Ca, K, Mg, P and S contents were statistically significant (p<0.05). Micro elements showed the concentrations order of: Mn>Cu>Sr>Zn>Rb>Ni>B. Contents of the trace elements were lower than the permissible standard values. Inter-regions differentiation by cluster analysis (CA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that micro and trace elements are the best chemical descriptors of the analyzed coffee samples.
Nano-bioremediation application is an ecologically and environmentally friendly technique to overcome the catastrophic situation in soil because of petroleum waste contamination. We evaluated the ...efficiency of oil-degrading bacterial consortium and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with or without fertilizer to remediate soils collected from petroleum waste contaminated oil fields. Physicochemical characteristics of control soil and petroleum contaminated soils were assessed. Four oil-degrading strains, namely
(KY010576),
(KY010578),
(KY010586), and
(KX580766), were selected based on their in vitrohydrocarbon-degrading efficiency. In a lab experiment, contaminated soils were treated alone and with combined amendments of the bacterial consortium, AgNPs, and fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and diammonium phosphate). We detected the degradation rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) of the soil samples with GC-FID at different intervals of the incubation period (0, 5, 20, 60, 240 days). The bacterial population (CFU/g) was also monitored during the entire period of incubation. The results showed that 70% more TPH was degraded with a consortium with their sole application in 20 days of incubation. There was a positive correlation between TPH degradation and the 100-fold increase in bacterial population in contaminated soils. This study revealed that bacterial consortiums alone showed the maximum increase in the degradation of TPHs at 20 days. The application of nanoparticles and fertilizer has non-significant effects on the consortium degradation potential. Moreover, fertilizer alone or in combination with AgNPs and consortium slows the rate of degradation of TPHs over a short period. Still, it subsequently accelerates the rate of degradation of TPHs, and a negligible amount remains at the end of the incubation period.
This study focuses on application of advanced oxidation (Photo-Fenton) processes to decolorize Basic Turquise Blue (BTB) X-GB 250% and Basic Blue (BB) X-GRRL 250% dyes. The percent decolorization was ...studied in terms of effect of variation in intensity of UV light at optimum conditions of all the parameters (pH = 3.0, H
= 4.8 mM, FeSO
= 1.6 mM, temperature = 50 °C, time = 80 min for BTB X-GB, and pH = 5.0, H
= 5.6 mM, FeSO
= 2.0 mM, temperature = 40 °C, time = 60 min for BB X-GRRL). Maximum decolorization was obtained at maximum intensity (15660 counts/min) of UV light as 96.17% for BTB X-GB and 88.48% for BB X-GRRL. First order, 2
order and BMG kinetic models were used to analyze the data obtained for intensity of UV light. BMG model gives us the higher values of correlation coefficients for all data of both the dyes. The results have shown that Photo-Fenton oxidation process is the beneficial and effective for oxidation treatment of waste water effluents containing dyes as main pollutants.
•We analysed As, Pb, Cd, Al, Hg and six As species in edible seaweeds from Korea.•ICP-OES, ICP-MS, DMA and LC-ICP-MS techniques were used for analyses.•Methods were validated by LOD, LOQ, linearity, ...precision and accuracy tests.•Toxic heavy metals and As species were very low compared to PTWIs by JECFA and EC.•Edible seaweeds in Korea are safe and would not pose any threat to consumers.
This study aimed at determining the levels of toxic heavy metals including As, Pb, Cd, Al, Hg and As species, such as, As-III, As-V, MMA, DMA, AsB, and AsC in various edible species of seaweeds from South Korea. ICP-MS was used for determination of As, Pb and Cd, ICP-OES was used for Al, DMA was used for Hg, and LC-ICP-MS was used for As speciation. The analytical methods were validated by linearity, detection limits, precision, accuracy and recovery experiments, obtaining satisfactory results in all cases. From the results toxic heavy metals were found in the decreasing order of: Al>As>Pb–Cd>Hg. Generally concentrations of all analysed heavy metals and both organic and inorganic species of As were very low compared to PTWIs specified by JECFA and EC. Their contribution to the overall intake by the subject seafoods was found very low and thus would not pose any threat to consumers.
The current study reports a systematic methodology of Zea mays L. (sweet corn) cobs (ZMLC) for the sequestration of synthetic dye (gentian violet) from aqueous solutions. Adsorbent was scrutinized by ...using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry with pH
determination. The impact of various adsorption parameters including pH effect, ZMLC (sorbent) dosage, temperature, concentration and shaking time was examined. The equilibrium sorption isotherms were determined by the batch method from 283 to 303 K at pH
. Adsorption data were adjusted to four isothermal models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin's models, which presented the best adjustment to Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin's at 283 K. The kinetic profile fitted well to the pseudo-second order kinetic equation at three distinct concentrations 600, 700, 800 mg/L. Maximum sorption capacity was gained up to 700 mg.g
for gentian violet at pH 3, respectively. The adsorption process is endothermic, non-spontaneous, favorable thermodynamically due to positive values of entropy and Gibbs free energy and randomness decreases during the adsorption process. Furthermore, after biosorption onto ZMLC the dye can be desorbed effectively by using mineral base KOH solution. Consequently, the ZMLC is said to be a promising biosorbent to remediate gentian violet-contaminated water as well as wastewater.
Checkpoint blockade with Pembrolizumab, has demonstrated durable clinical responses in advanced non-small cell lung cancer, however, treatment is offset by the development of high-grade immune ...related adverse events (irAEs) in some patients. Here, we show that in these patients a deficient Breg checkpoint fails to limit self-reactive T cell enhanced activity and auto-antibody formation enabled by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, leading to severe auto-inflammatory sequelae. Principally a failure of IL-10 producing regulatory B cells as demonstrated through functional ex vivo assays and deep phenotyping mass cytometric analysis, is a major and significant finding in patients who develop high-grade irAEs when undergoing treatment with anti-PD1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade. There is currently a lack of biomarkers to identify a priori those patients at greatest risk of developing severe auto-inflammatory syndrome. Pre-therapy B cell profiling could provide an important tool to identify lung cancer patients at high risk of developing severe irAEs on checkpoint blockade.
Recently genomic selection (GS) has emerged as an important tool for plant breeders to select superior genotypes. Multi-trait (MT) prediction model provides an opportunity to improve the predictive ...ability of expensive and labor-intensive traits. In this study, we assessed the potential use of a MT genomic prediction model by incorporating two physiological traits (canopy temperature, CT and normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) to predict 5 complex primary traits (harvest index, HI; grain yield, GY; grain number, GN; spike partitioning index, SPI; fruiting efiiciency, FE) using two cross-validation schemes CV1 and CV2.
In this study, we evaluated 236 wheat genotypes in two locations in 2 years. The wheat genotypes were genotyped with genotyping by sequencing approach which generated 27,466 SNPs. MT-CV2 (multi-trait cross validation 2) model improved predictive ability by 4.8 to 138.5% compared to ST-CV1(single-trait cross validation 1). However, the predictive ability of MT-CV1 was not significantly different compared to the ST-CV1 model.
The study showed that the genomic prediction of complex traits such as HI, GN, and GY can be improved when correlated secondary traits (cheaper and easier phenotyping) are used. MT genomic selection could accelerate breeding cycles and improve genetic gain for complex traits in wheat and other crops.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of sustainable, ecofriendly, and cost-effective methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of nanotechnology these days. The present study was aimed at ...synthesizing cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles by using plant extracts of Aerva javanica, bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soil of Potentilla atrosanguinea, Swertia petiolata, Senecio chrysanthemoides, and from fungus Fusarium oxysporum. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used in the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. The bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from rhizosphere of Potentilla atrosanguinea (N1C1), Fusarium oxysporum, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Aerva javanica reduced the cobalt salts to cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, synthesized from bacterial isolate N1C1 (Bacillus subtilis) and from Fusarium oxysporum had average particle size of 31.2 nm and 33.4 nm, respectively, whereas, the particle size of Aerva javanica was higher (39.2 nm) and all the nanoparticles were poly shaped. The nanoparticles synthesized from methanolic extract of Aerva javanica, bacterial strain (N1C1) and fungi Fusarium oxysporum showed better performance against Bacillus subtilis and P. aeruginosa, the bactericidal activity was higher against Gram-positive bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts of leaf and flower have shown a wide range of phytochemicals and higher antibacterial activity, and among all strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis susceptibility was greater to extracts.
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