To provide production of biodiesel fuel agriculture is required to grow “00” oilseed rape cultivars. In continuous process of the fuel production, grown oilseed rape seed should be regularly dried ...and properly stored. Drying rate and drying quality of the seed depends on physical conditions of the atmosphere when drying, physical and chemical properties of the material used, and the thickness of the layer through which water is diff used in the regime of drying. The study has been carried out on three “00” oilseed rape cultivars during three years period. Mathematical models of drying have been made to enable mutual comparison among the cultivars. Among the cultivars tested no significant differences were found regarding drying during one-year period. However, significant differences were found when comparison was made within the years of examination.
The process of corn-grain drying is usually conducted in such a way that corn grains come into a cooler zone at a moisture level that is 2.0% higher than the equilibrium level. As well as being ...cooled, the corn grains in the cooler zone also get dried by between 1.5% and 2.0%. However, our research has shown that this is not always the case, since corn grains are sometimes re-hydrated in the cooler zone by 0.65% to 4.26%. Our research also included an analysis of the moisture levels of corn grains in the horizontal section of the cooler zone. Depending on the location, the difference in the moisture levels of the corn grains varied from 1.99% to 4.35%, reaching as much as 10.0% in some extreme cases. This resulted in a higher energy consumption, a decrease in capacity and heterogeneously dried corn grains.
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The purpose of this study was to define an impact of the cultivar, year and cultivation area of the standard Croatian winter wheat on the bread-making quality. The bread-making quality of cultivars ...‘Divana’, ‘Žitarka’ and ‘Sana’ from the crop years 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006, and from Zagreb and Osijek location was analyzed. Wheat from the cultivar tests cultivated under the same agro technological conditions was used for this testing. The tested winter wheat bread-making quality primarily depended on the genetic properties of cultivar.
However, climatic changes occurring during the last 10 years, particularly the increase in temperatures and quantity of rainfalls in the period of the grain development, ripening and harvest, had a negative influence on the wheat breadmaking quality. Even though the average values of tested quality factors were within the expected range, a significant dependence of the cultivar Divana breadmaking quality upon the cultivation climate conditions was proven. Sana cultivar has proven to be the most stable, whereas its bread-making quality was the lowest. For all three cultivars the bread-making quality has been decreasing in the last 10 years, although the quality of winter wheat from the Zagreb area was higher since the climate conditions were more favourable.
Agricultural entrepreneurship has been boosted by land concentration, organization of farms, and the establishment of new small centers for admission, processing, and storage. At the same time former ...large organizations failed, which diverted the process of handling agricultural products. The trend of small dry kilns and storage facilities from 1 to 5 t/h is growing. New customers, who do not have proper knowledge and criteria when choosing proper equipment, are usually offered dry kilns of foreign production. Trade representatives who sell dry kilns also lack the necessary specialist knowledge as it is the case with their customers. The research project considered STABIL 3000 dry kilns produced by “Seting“, Delnice and used for seed drying. The dry-kilns used natural gas and fuel oil. We determined incombustible carbohydrons as well as the presence of harmful substances belonging to polycyclic aromatic carbohydrons (PAHs) on the seeds after the drying process. For this purpose we used a device known as employed the EPA 550.1 and EPA 625 method.
A constant need for energy is necessary and permanent as far as modern society is concerned. The primary energy resource in today’s world are fossil fuels. A serious problem is the fact that their ...amount is decreasing. Fossil fuels are not renewable. Their sources will disappear and new energy resources will have to be switched to, because the consequences of energy resources disappearance are inconceivable. Biomass as an energy resource is not properly used. There are many ways to generate energy from biomass. You can grow plants to get biomass for energy production or you can use plants’ residues, which are the results of agricultural production. You can also use organic waste products and animal faeces. The oldest way of the production of energy or fuel from biomass is burning. Agricultural biomass including soybean straw is a very acceptable fuel from the point of view of environmental protection and especially greenhouse gases emission.
The use of biomass energy offers chances for the establishment of new jobs. This way it can have a positive influence on both the local and national economy.
The knowledge and use of soybean growing has a great importance for the development of certain regions in Croatia, as well as on the employment rate and entrepreneur encouragement. It would be even more important to start using unused land areas. Soybean growing makes it possible to introduce “the third culture“ (except for wheat and corn), which will result in additional and safer profit for farmers in Croatia, a more favourable use of agricultural machines, and the profitability of production.
These investigations aimed to determine influence of the changes in relative humidity and temperature in storage facilities on the moisture in grain of stored soybean and maize. Soybean (“Podravka ...95” variety) and maize (“OSSK 644” hybrid) were stored during 34 days at the temperatures of 0oC and 20oC, and relative humidity of 55%, 73%, 80% and 98%. At the temperature of 0oC and relative humidity of 55% and 73%, moisture in soybean grain decreased, 2.4% and 1.9%, while at the relative humidity of 80% and 98% it increased, 0.2% and 0.6% aft er 34 days storage. At the temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of 55% and 73%, moisture in soybean grain decreased 4.0% and 0.7%, while at the relative humidity of 80% and 98% it increased 0.8% and 2.3%, as following. During 34 days storage at 0°C and relative humidity of 55%, moisture in maize grain decreased 0.2%, while at the relative humidity of 73%, 80% and 98% it increased 0.4%, 1% and 1.5%. At the temperature of 20°C and relative humidity of 55%, moisture in maize grain decreased 1.5% and at the relative humidity of 73%, 80% and 98% increased, 0.2%, 0.9% and 1.7%. Such investigations enable additional insights into the rate of changes in grain, and the influence on the grain viability in changed storage conditions.
Pšenica je jedna od osnovnih poljoprivrednih kultura za prehranu čovjeka te se koristi u mlinarstvu, prehrambenoj i farmaceutskoj industriji. U poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji postoje razni čimbenici ...koji utječu na visinu prinosa, a samim time i financijsku dobit, pa je stoga jedan od najvećih čimbenika koji stvaraju velike probleme priježetveno proklijavanje (PHS – preharvest sprouting). Štete koje nastaju uslijed PHS-a u svijetu iznose oko 1 bilijun dolara. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su sljedeći: ispitati proklijavanje na klasu nakon žetve te procijeniti varijabilnost svojstva proklijavanja na klasu uz pomoć molekularnoga markera (Vp1B3). Utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanih kultivara pšenice za svojstvo proklijavanja na klasu. Kod većine kultivara s nižom ocjenom proklijavanja na klasu utvrđena je prisutnost alela od 569 bp (tolerantnost na PHS), a kod većine kultivara s visokom ocjenom proklijavanja na klasu utvrđena je prisutnost alela od 652 bp (osjetljivost na PHS) na Vp1B3 lokusu.
Suvremeno i intenzivno stočarstvo uključuje korištenje kvalitetne hrane, koja mora biti u skladu sa osnovnim hranidbenim potrebama i zdravstvenim standardima zaštite ljudskog zdravlja. Kukuruz je ...jedna od najvažnijih komponenti u krmnim smjesama, a podvrgnut je sušenju u pećima različitih konstrukcija. Sušare koristite različite izvore energije pa je moguće zagađenje kukuruza s kancerogenim PAU (policikličkim aromatskim ugljikovodikom) generiranim kod izgaranja goriva. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi prisutnost kancerogenih PAU na zrnu nakon sušenja u postrojenjima s izravnim izgaranjem u slučaju kada se koristi lako ulje i zemni plina. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na redovitu prisutnost kancerogenih PAU u slučaju kada su korištene obje vrste goriva, ali njihova vrijednost nije značajna u smislu adsorbirane količine i zato ne uzrokuju značajan rizik. Zemni plina je znatno povoljnije razine energetske učinkovitosti u odnosu na lako ulje.
