Research suggests that many juveniles in residential facilities report high rates of early childhood trauma. Past research demonstrates that knowledge of trauma history, specifically whether a youth ...has been abused or neglected, may provide court practitioners with necessary information concerning recidivism risk, treatment needs, and treatment responsivity. Little is known about the validity of general risk assessment tools for youth involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems (i.e., crossover youth) and their unique risk patterns. Therefore, this study examined the validity of the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool (OYAS-DIS) for crossover youth. Results revealed that although crossover youth were more likely to have higher risk scores overall compared to general delinquent youth, the total score of the OYAS-DIS was equally predictive of recidivism for both males and females regardless of child welfare status.
The current study examined the impact of state-level human trafficking reforms on local enforcement of human trafficking and prostitution arrests. Utilizing data from Ohio’s Incident-Based Crime ...Reporting System (OIBRS), we examined 16,750 unique human trafficking and prostitution-related incidents from 2008 to 2018. The analysis included an examination of arrest trends before and after the passing of state legislation in 2011 to include trafficking in persons in the Ohio Revised Code. The addition of this law aimed to identify victims, provide necessary services, and coordinate investigation. The results revealed that human trafficking arrests increased slightly over the 10-year period. Prostitution related arrests varied over the same period but did illustrate a general downward trend relative to human trafficking arrests. Anti-trafficking legislative changes are intended to influence patterns of both human trafficking arrests and prostitution-related arrests. Implementation of new human trafficking laws appears to occur slowly; thus, future research should continue to assess the relationship between legislation changes and enforcement trends.
Victor M. Rios: Human Target: Schools, Police, and the Criminalization of Latino Youth The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2017, 224 pp, ISBN: 9780226090993
