Magnetic dipolarization has been considered as a key element of substorm phenomena. In this work we investigate the spectral features of the magnetic dipolarization fluctuations in frequency‐time ...space by using the continuous wavelet transform technique. We present details of the analysis for three specific examples and the statistical results for 82 magnetic dipolarizations that occurred at X > ∼−11.5 RE in the near‐Earth plasma sheet. We focus on a low‐frequency regime defined here as 0.005 to 0.03 Hz for convenience sake (typically well below local proton gyrofrequency). On the basis of the three specific events, we explicitly demonstrate that the magnetic dipolarization fluctuations can be dominated by intense waves at one or more (typically 2–3) discrete frequencies in the low‐frequency regime. Statistically, we find that this is the case for 59 (about 72%) out of the 82 events. In addition, we find that such a wave starts to grow in amplitude, thus implying occurrence of instability, typically minutes prior to the dipolarization onset time. The estimated exponential growth time is less than 2 min for ∼68% out of the 72% events. The statistically averaged frequency for the strongest wave is ∼0.01Hz, which we argue is in the regime of ballooning instability. All these features are most clearly seen in the compressional component of magnetic fluctuations. For two of the three example events, it is demonstrated that the magnetic fluctuations on the perpendicular plane are linearly polarized for a given frequency while a more comprehensive statistical study of polarization features is left for a future work. On the basis of the results obtained in this work we conclude that the association of low‐frequency instability with substorm‐associated dipolarizations can be quite significant from a statistical viewpoint.
The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of stocking density (SD) and dietary supplementation of crystalline tryptophan (Trp) on growth performance and intestinal barrier ...function in broiler chickens raised in a floor pen. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 different SD and 2 supplemental levels of dietary Trp. A total of 1,140 Ross 308 broiler chickens at 21 d of age were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 5 replicates. Low SD (9 birds/m2) and high SD (18 birds/m2) were achieved by raising different number of birds per identical floor pen (2.0 m × 2.4 m). The basal diet was formulated with no supplemental Trp in diets to meet or exceed nutrient recommendation of the Ross 308 manual. The calculated concentrations of total Trp and digestible Trp in the basal diet were 0.19 and 0.16%, respectively. The other diet was prepared by adding 0.16% crystalline Trp to the basal diet. Diets were fed to birds for 21 d. At the end of the experiment, 2 birds per replicate were euthanized to collect tissue samples for further analyses. Results indicated that there were no interactions between SD and dietary Trp for all measurements. For the main effects, birds raised at a low SD had greater (P < 0.01) body weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency than those raised at a high SD. However, supplementation of dietary Trp had no effect on broiler performance. Furthermore, there were no main effects of SD and dietary Trp on intestinal barrier functions. In conclusion, broiler chickens raised in a floor pen with a high SD (18 birds/m2) have decreased growth performance with little changes in intestinal barrier functions. Supplementation of dietary Trp at 0.16% has no positive effect on broiler chickens raised in a floor pen with either a low or high SD.
In this article, the growth, luminescence, and scintillation properties of a silver-doped LiF crystal grown by the Czochralski technique are studied. The absorption spectrum of the crystal is ...measured at room temperature and optical energy bandgap of the crystal is calculated as ~5.2 eV. The luminescence and scintillation properties of the crystal are studied at different temperatures (10-550 K) under the excitations with X-ray, 266-nm laser, 280-nm light emitting diode (LED), and 90 Sr beta source. The crystal shows a violet emission (~405 nm) under the excitation of a 280-nm LED source. The luminescence decay time of the crystal is measured from room temperature (300 K) to 10 K under the excitation of the 266-nm laser source. The decay time curves are fit with 2-exponential (300-200 K) and 3-exponential (175-10 K) decay functions. The shortest (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">27.2~\mu \text{s} </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the longest decay time (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">42.8~\mu \text{s} </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the crystal are obtained at 300 and 75 K, respectively. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurements were carried out from 10 to 300 K and 325 to 550 K in order to investigate the presence of trap centers. The different kinematic parameters such as order of kinematics, trap depth, and frequency factor are calculated for the observed TL peaks. The scintillation light yield of the crystal is measured with a continuous single photon counting technique using a 90 Sr beta source in the temperature range from 300 to 10 K. In this article, we will emphasize the potentiality of a Li-based crystal for dark matter search applications.
The degree of thrombus resolution directly indicates the effectiveness of a thrombolytic drug. We investigated the degree of thrombus resolution and factors associated with thrombus resolution after ...intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) using thin-section noncontrast computed tomography (NCT). Thin-section NCTs were performed before and immediately after IV rt-PA infusion in acute stroke patients. The thrombus volume and Hounsfield unit were measured using three-dimensional imaging software. Immediate recanalisation was assessed immediately after IV rt-PA infusion using CT angiography. During a three-year study period, 130 patients were prospectively enrolled. On baseline thin-section NCT, no thrombi were found in 30 patients (23%). Among the 100 patients with confirmed thrombus, the median volume decreased by 20% on the follow-up NCT. The thrombus was completely resolved in 8%. Of note, an increase in thrombus volume was observed in 20 patients. Independent predictors of thrombus resolution were total rt-PA dose, thrombus location in the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery, and time from baseline to follow-up NCT. Thrombus resolution increased by 9% per each 10-mg increase in rt-PA (p = 0.045). Immediate complete recanalisation was achieved in 12% of patients. Total dose of rt-PA was independently associated with complete recanalisation odds ratio OR 4.52, 95% confidence interval CI 1.345–15.184) and good functional outcome at three months (modified Rankin scale score <3, OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.104–4.962). In conclusion, rt-PA dose was associated with the degree of thrombus resolution, immediate complete recanalisation, and good outcome at three months. CT-based thrombus imaging may be helpful in determining thrombolysis effectiveness.
This study aims to testify the applicability of UAV photogrammetry and artificial intelligence (AI) for the management of natural disaster. Recently artificial intelligence is considered as an ...emerging tool for recognizing disaster events from aerial imagery of drones. In this paper, we present firstly the approach related to use of AI techniques for disaster detecting and identification. Secondly, we suggest small easy-to-use UAV-based investigation procedure for natural disaster damaged area in the phase of disaster recovery in Korea. Finally, we evaluate the mapping accuracy and work efficiency of drone mapping for disaster investigation application through comparing with traditional investigation work process which was dependent on labor-intensive field survey. The resolution ortho-image map of within less 5cm of GSD generated by aerial photos acquired from UAVs at the altitude of 100m–250m enabled us to check damage information such as facilities destroy or the trace of soil erosion around the river flooded and reservoir collapsed area. The photogrammetry-based drone mapping technology for the disaster damage investigation is expected to be an alternative approach to support or replace the labor-intensive disaster site survey that needs to investigate the disaster site quickly and timely.
Recently, a new prostate cancer (PC) grading system has been introduced, where Gleason score (GS) 7 (3+4) and GS 7 (4+3) are categorized into two separate groups. However, GS 7 with tertiary Gleason ...pattern 5 (TGP5) was not incorporated in the new grading system. In the present study, we validated the prognostic role of TGP5 in the new classification.
We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1396 patients with localized GS 6-8 PC (pT2-3N0M0) who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between 2005 and 2014. After excluding patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy, or had incomplete pathological or follow-up data, 1229 patients were included in the final analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate and compare the probabilities of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Cox regression models were used to investigate associations between variables and the risk of BCR.
Of 732 GS 7 patients, 75 (10.2%) had a TGP5. The BCR-free survival rate for men with TGP5 was significantly worse than for those without TGP5 (P<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analyses for GS 7 PC, TGP5 was a significant predictor of BCR (hazard ratio 1.750, P=0.027). When the total cohort was stratified into four grade groups according to the new classification, group 2 with TGP5 had a BCR risk comparable to group 3, and group 3 with TGP5 behaved like group 4.
Our study shows that TGP5 increased the BCR risk after RP in GS 7 PC. Moreover, we demonstrated that the presence of a TGP5 in GS 7 upgraded the BCR risk to one comparable with the next higher category under the new classification. These findings support incorporating TGP5 into GS 7 to aid with future risk assessment and follow-up scheduling for PC.
The hydrogen permeability of a melt-spun Ni60Nb30Ta10 (numbers indicate at.%) amorphous alloy has been examined in the temperature range of 573-673K and pressures up to 0.6MPa. Pd60Cu40 alloy ...membranes were also evaluated in the same manner. The permeated hydrogen flux was increased with increasing the temperature and the difference of hydrogen pressure between the feed side and permeate side of the membrane. The maximum hydrogen permeability of the Ni60Nb30Ta10 glassy alloy was 4.13X10-8mol/msPa1/2 at 673K, which was almost twice the permeability of Pd60Cu40 alloy measured under the same conditions. These permeation characteristics imply the possibility of future practical application of the glassy alloys as the hydrogen separation membrane.
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