Patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders are vulnerable to infectious diseases. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapeutic products manufactured from human plasma are employed widely to ...protect patients from pathogens such as measles virus, which causes a potentially fatal and contagious disease. Therefore, health authorities stipulate a minimum titer of measles neutralizing antibodies (mnAbs) in IVIG products to ensure efficient protection. In general, mnAb titers are measured in a cell-based neutralization assay; however, this assay is labor intensive and time consuming, and the results are variable. Here, we compared a cell-based neutralizing assay with several ELISA tests to evaluate whether ELISAs can overcome the limitations of cell-based assays. The mnAb concentrations measured by the ELISAs showed a strong and significant positive correlation with those measured in a cell-based assay. Also, strong positive correlations were identified for measurement of individual source plasmas, which are used as raw materials for manufacturing IVIG products. Measurement by ELISA revealed that about 80% of 198 source plasmas had mnAb concentrations of <500 mIU/mL. These results suggest that quantitative ELISAs based on relevant antigens allow reliable and comprehensive measurement of mnAb concentrations in source plasmas and drug product; these ELISAs are also faster and more accurate than cell-based assay.
Chromatin Assembly Complex 1 (CAF-1) is a major histone chaperone involved in deposition of histone H3 and H4 into nucleosome. CAF-1 is composed of three subunits; p150, p60 and p48 for human and ...Cac1, Cac2 and Cac3 for yeast. Despite of its central role in chromatin formation, structural features of the full CAF-1 in complex with histones and other chaperones have not been well characterized. Here, we dissect molecular architecture of yeast CAF-1 (yCAF-1) by cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) and negative stain single-particle electron microscopy (EM). Our work revealed that Cac1, the largest subunit of yCAF-1, might serve as a major histone binding platform linking Cac2 and Cac3. In addition, EM analysis showed that yCAF-1 adopts a bilobal shape and Cac1 connecting Cac2 and Cac3 to generate a platform for binding histones. This study provides the first structural glimpse of the full CAF-1 complex and a structural framework to understand histone chaperoning processes.
An outer membrane protein BP26/OMP28 of Brucella, BP26, is identified as a major immunodominant antigen and widely used as a diagnostic marker and for vaccination against Brucellosis. BP26 belongs to ...the family of proteins that contains a SIMPL (signaling molecule that associates with the mouse pelle-like kinase) domain, whose structure and function have been unknown. Here, we present the crystal structure of BP26 revealing that 16 BP26 molecules form a novel channel-like assembly as also shown by electron microscopy analysis. Eight BP26 molecules forming a ring structure contain a hole at the center of the octamer, and another octamer interacts with each other to form a channel having a large internal cavity. BP26 is found to be structurally similar to a bacteriophage protein involved in infection, implicating that BP26 might function during Brucella infection. In addition, the BP26 structure suggests that the protein functions as a multimeric channel-like form and provides a canonical model for the SIMPL domains.
Display omitted
► Crystal structure of an immunogenic protein BP26 from Brucella abortus. ► BP26 forms a homo-hexadecamer with an internal channel. ► The structure of BP26 represents the first structure of the SIMPL domains.
Requests for application services that require large data space such as multimedia, game and database1 have greatly increased. Nowadays those requests locomote for various services using mobile ...devices. However, mobile devices have difficulty in sustaining various services as in a wired environment, due to the storage shortage of the mobile device. The research5 which provides remote storage service for mobile appliances using iSCSI has been conducted to overcome the storage shortage in mobile appliances. In research we found that when iSCSI was applied to mobile appliances, iSCSI I/O performance dropped rapidly if a iSCSI client had moved from the server to a far away location. It occurred due to the specific character of iSCSI, which is very sensitive to delay time. In this paper, we suggest an intermediate target server that localizes iSCSI target to achieve a breakthrough against the shortcomings of iSCSI performance dropping sharply as latency increases when mobile appliances recede from a storage server.
본 연구의 목적은 창업 기업에 있어서의 경영자의 혁신을 실행 (operation) DNA 관점에서 조직구성원의혁신행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위함이다. 기존에 이루어졌던 경영자의 혁신과 관련된 연구는 주로 경영자의 학습과 능력 개발이라는 2가지 주안점에 초점을 맞추어 진행되었다. 즉, 경영자가 변화하는 환경에 대한대처하기 위한 관점의 연구라 할 수 ...있다. 하지만, 본 연구에서는 경영자가 본질적으로 가지고 있는 선천적능력인 역량 (competency)의 측면 접근하였다. 실행 DNA는 Dyer et al. (2009)이 혁신적 기업가와 일반 기업가의 차이를 설명하면서 제시한 개념으로 분석하기, 계획하기, 세부업무추진하기, 절도 있게 업무 처리하기 등의4가지 능력을 뜻한다. 결국, 경영자의 혁신 능력이라 할 수 있는 실행 DNA가 조직구성원의 변화된 행동이라할 수 있는 혁신행동을 이끌어내는 것을 확인하기 위해 연구를 진행하였다.
연구가설을 검증하기 위해 대구 경북에 위치한 5년이하의 창업기업 구성원을 대상으로 111분의 설문을수거하고 분석하였다. 연구 가설을 분석하기 위하여 다중회귀분석(multi regression analysis)을 실시하였으며분석결과, 첫째, 실행 DNA의 계획하기는 구성원의 혁신행동에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 창업기업의 경영자가 목표달성을 위해 구성원들에게 제시하는 세부적인 계획과 계획에 따른 책임감등의 공유는 구성원들에게 변화된 행동을 이끌어 낸다. 둘째, 실행DNA의 세부업무추진하기는 구성원의 혁신행동에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구성원들이 느끼는 경영자의 세세한 관심과 업무의체계적 조직화 및 추진이 혁신행동을 유발시키는 것을 확인하였다. In terms of the impact of innovation, Hamel (2006) argues that entrepreneurial innovation has meaning in creating corporate performance by influencing members of the organization. In addition, in the study of Lecler and Kinghorn (2014), the difference in perception of opportunities, realization of opportunities, and problem-solving strategies of managers was defined as innovation, and this ability was explained as an important factor affecting changes in employee behavior and corporate performance. The context of these studies began with the framework that organizational innovation comes from entrepreneurial innovation, and managerial innovation is based on entrepreneurship.
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of management's innovation on the innovation behavior of organizational members from the perspective of operation DNA. Previous researches related to managerial innovation were conducted mainly focusing on the two main focuses of manager learning and ability development. In other words, it can be said to be a study from the perspective of managers to cope with the changing environment. However, in this study, it was approached from the viewpoint of competency, which is an inherent ability of managers. Operation DNA refers to the four skills Dyer et al (2009).
Management's innovation affects the behavior of members of the organization, which in turn creates a company's competitive advantage and performance (Klein, 2008). In addition, product innovation is driven by the voluntary innovation behavior of members of the organization (Newey & Zahra, 2009). In addition, in the case of managers with high operation DNA, the situation that becomes an issue is carefully analyzed, planned, promoted, and handled, leading to innovation behavior of members of the organization.
This study was conducted to confirm that the operation DNA, which is the manager's innovation ability, leads to the innovation behavior, which is the changed behavior of the members of the organization. To verify the research hypothesis, 111 questionnaires were collected and analyzed for the members with less than 5 years in start-up companies located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. To analyze the research hypothesis, a multi-regression analysis was performed. Study results are as follows: first, it was confirmed that planning of operation DNA had a significant positive (+) effect on the innovation behavior of members. In other words, the sharing of the detailed plans and responsibility according to the plans that the manager presents to the members to achieve the goals leads to changed behavior to the members. Second, it was found that the promotion of detailed tasks of operation DNA had a significant positive (+) effect on the innovation behavior of members. It was confirmed that managerial attention and systematic organization and promotion of work, felt by members, triggered innovation behavior.
The implications of this study are as follows. First, in a series of studies by Dyer et al.
(2009), it is meaningful in that it has demonstrated the need to strengthen the innovation DNA of managers for organizational innovation, targeting startup companies (less than 5 years) located in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. In particular, Dyer et al. (2009) have conducted research on innovative companies, dividing the concept of innovative DNA into discovery DNA and operation DNA. However, in this study, the scope of the study was expanded by targeting start-up companies centering on the operation capability of the innovative DNA, the operation DNA. Second, the study was conducted not from the perspective of managers' learning ability, but from the perspective of innate ability, that is, manager's competency. Operation DNA can be interpreted not as a manager's specialized ability but as a fundamental ability that anyone has. In this respect, it can be said that a different level of approach to managers' innovation ability was attempted. Finally, it was confirmed... KCI Citation Count: 0
This paper presents a new type of physical cleaning technology for removing particles and debris placed in nano/micro structures of semiconductor chips. Synthetic jets and radiation forces generated ...from acoustically oscillating bubbles filled in microcylinders are utilized for efficient and controllable cleaning tools. The proposed physical cleaning technology can overcome the limitation of current chemical/physical cleaning technologies with minimizing the usage of toxic chemical and the damage of fine structures in semiconductor chips.
PDF
