Catamaran vessels have been used for various purposes such as leisure craft and research vessel. Especially, asymmetric catamaran has a half of the symmetrical hull and flat side of facing inward ...demi-hull, and has feature of planing hulls such as hard chine, spray rail. Therefore, these vessels can travel at high speed with better stability and resistance performance. However, these features cause asymmetric catamaran to have large trim angle at high-speed condition, which cause problem on vessel's operation performances such as visibility and dynamic instability motion. To overcome these negative effects, tunnel shape in stern has been introduced. By applying this shape, trim angles are also suppressed because large dynamic lift developed on the exit region of tunnel stern. In this research, tunnel stern was applied on the asymmetric high-speed catamaran to evaluate vessel's hydrodynamic performance by numerical method, and the tunnel stern types are distinguished by slope of tunnel exit region: flat or narrow types. Consequently, it is confirmed that the total resistance of tunnel types is lower about 1.6∼5.0% than the bare hull in the wide speed range while showing almost same phase with the bare hull after FnV=2.3. Also, narrow type improves resistance performance further than flat type. On the other hand, trim angles show different trend with each tunnel type. In case of narrow type, the trim angle is stabilized after FnV=1.8 while that of flat type show an increasing trend as ship speed increase. These indicated that the narrow type has better resistance and operation performance than others.
This paper reports an efficient reflective electrochromic device (ECD) by integrating a highly reflective micro‐porous titanium dioxide–based white reflector film and an optimized transparent to ...black convertible electrochromic (EC) system. This reflective ECD can reflect almost 58.5% of light in the white state and 4.7% in the dark black state at 550 nm. Similarly, it also exhibits a very high ambient contrast ratio of 38:1 under office ambient light condition and good driving stability of about 83% in the white state (0 V) and 98% in the black state (1.7 V) after 10 000 driving cycles. In addition, the EC system is optimized by selecting good proton generator and suitable solvent for better coloration property as well as a low driving voltage via lactone ring opening reaction of leuco dye and supporting polymer for high optical density through suppressing the movement of oxidized leuco dye to the electrode. An ECD with the optimized EC system shows significant improvement in average optical density from 0.62 to 1.9 (at 400 to 700 nm) and faster switching speeds of about 1.6 s.
This study demonstrates an efficient reflective electrochromic device by integrating a well‐optimized electrochromic system and a highly reflective porous TiO2 white reflector. The reflective device reveals a very high ambient contrast ratio of 38:1 under office ambient light condition and good driving stability for white and black states after 10 000 cycles.
Context Ligularia fischeri (Ledebour) Turcz. (Compositae) has been used as a leafy vegetable and in traditional medicine to treat hepatic disorder in East Asia.
Objective The present study explores ...the antioxidant activity of LF aqueous extract on EtOH-induced oxidative stress accompanied by hepatotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.
Materials and methods In vitro study using the mouse liver NCTC-1469 cell line was conducted to estimate the cytotoxicity as well as the inhibitory effect of LF extract against alcohol-treated cell damage. In vivo study used an alcohol-fed Wister rat model orally administered EtOH (3.95 g/kg of body weight/d) with or without LF extract (100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Serum and liver tissue were collected to evaluate hepatic injury and antioxidant-related enzyme activity.
Results The EC
50
value for the DPPH radical scavenging capacity of LF extract was 451.5 μg/mL, whereas the IC
50
value of LF extract in terms of EtOH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was 98.3 μg/mL without cell cytotoxicity. LF extract (200 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the triglyceride content of serum (33%) as well as hepatic lipid peroxidation (36%), whereas SOD activity was elevated three-fold. LF extract suppressed expression of CYP2E1 and TNF-α, and attenuated alcohol-induced abnormal morphological changes.
Discussion and conclusion LF extract attenuated liver damage induced by alcoholic oxidative stress through inhibition of ROS generation, down-regulation of CYP2E1, and activation of hepatic antioxidative enzymes. Homeostasis of the antioxidative defence system in the liver by LF extract mitigated hepatic disorder following chronic alcohol intake.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
β
-tricalcium phosphate (
β
-TCP, Ca3(PO4)2) is biodegradable ceramics with chemical and mineral compositions similar to those of bone. It is a potential candidate for bone repair surgery, ...and substituting the Fe ions can improve its biological behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of Fe ions on the structural deviation and
in vitro
behavior of
β
-TCP. Fe-doped
β
-TCP were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and the heat treatment temperature was set at 1100 °C. The chemical state of the Fe-doped
β
-TCP was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld refinement using the x-ray diffraction results. Fe ions existed in both Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
states and occupied the Ca-(4) and Ca-(5) sites. Fe ions enhanced the degradation of
β
-TCP and resorption behavior onto the surface of
β
-TCP during the immersion test. As a result, Fe ion improves the initial cell adhesion and proliferation behavior of
β
-TCP.
Electrooculogram (EOG)-based human-computer interfaces (HCIs) are widely researched and considered to be a good HCI option for disabled people. However, conventional systems can only detect eye ...direction or blinking action. In this paper, we developed a bio-signal-based HCI that can quantitatively estimate the horizontal position of eyeball. A designed bio-signal acquisition system can measure EOG and temporalis electromyogram (EMG) signals simultaneously without additional electrodes. For real-time processing for practical application, modified sliding window algorithms are designed and applied for piecewise linear approximation (PLA). To find the eyeball position, support vector regression (SVR) is applied as a curve-fitting model. The average tracking error for target circle with a diameter of 3 cm showed only 1.4 cm difference on the screen with a width of 51 cm. A developed HCI system can perform operations similar to dragging and dropping used in a mouse interface in less than 5 s with only eyeball movement and bite action. Compare to conventional EOG-based HCI that detects the position of the eyeball only in 0 and 1 levels, a developed system can continuously track the eyeball position in less than 0.2 s. In addition, compared to conventional EOG-based HCI, the reduced number of electrodes can enhance the interface usability.
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•Molecular simulations of anion formation energy and lithium binding energy are performed.•Correlation between molecular calculation and experimental results are explored.•Efficient ...device performances are realized by using new electron injection lithium complexes.
We report new electron injection lithium complexes, lithium 2-(2-pyridyl)-3-pyridinolate (LIPPy) and lithium 4-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)phenolate (LIPPP) for low driving voltage and better stability of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). These materials were designed with the help of molecular simulation of anion formation energy and lithium binding energy calculations. Small anion formation energy and low binding energy of lithium complexes show good correlation with expected experimental driving voltage of the OLEDs. Fabricated OLEDs with these new lithium complexes exhibit lower driving voltage, higher power efficiency and longer lifetime as compare to the widely used and commercially available lithium 8-quinolate (Liq) and lithium 2-(2-pyridyl)phenolate (LIPP).
Abstract
Background: Mammographic Breast Density (MBD) was known as a risk of breast cancer in either pre or postmenopausal women. The underlined mechanism remain unclear. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 ...(ALDH-1) and CD44+CD24− are the most consistently used biomarkers to identify and characterize breast cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, correlation between expression of CSCs and MBD remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the association between CD44, CD24 or ALDH-1 and the clinical factors including MBD for investigating their effects on overall survival (OS). Method: 159 operable breast cancers were finally included for double immune-histochemical staining of CD44, CD24 and single expression of ALDH-1. MBD was categorized according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. Positive expression of CSC was defined when both Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH-1) and CD44+CD24− were expressed. Clinical values were age, co-morbidity (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Diabetes Mellitus), body mass index, menopausal status. We also examined overall survival (OS) with the log-rank test. Result: Positive expression of BCSC was 33.3% (53/159 patients). It correlated with premenopausal status, high histologic grade, high Ki-67 expression, and low expression of ER or PR (Table 1). During mean 74 months, High BMD was correlated with worse OS in either pre- or postmenopausal patients (p=0.04) and worse OS in patients with co-morbidity (p=0.08). Expression of CSC was not associated with overall survival. In a group with CSC expression, patients of higher MBD(≥ 51%) was worse OS (p=0.046) compared with a group with non-CSC expression. Co-morbidity was significantly correlated with poor DFS in non-expressed group compared with CSC expressed group (p=0.01). In Cox-regression analysis, co-morbidity (HR=0.05, 95% CI: 0.006-0.44, p=0.007) and MBD ( HR= 0.14, 95% CI: 0.02-1.16, p=0.06) increased risk of OS. Conclusion: High MBD could be a prognostic factor in operable breast cancer. Each risk factor of survival was important, but host factors including comorbidity and MBD might be considered.
Table 1.The correlation between BCSC and clinical variables in patient with operable breast cancerCSC(-)CSC(+)Number(%)Number(%)BMINormal68(65.4)36(34.6)0.63Obesity38(69.1)17(30.9)ComorbidityNo57(62.6)34(37.4)0.21Yes49(72.1)19(27.9)MBD≤ 50 %28(77.8)8(22.2)0.13≥ 51 %60(63.8)34(36.2)Age( year)<5040(63.5)23(36.5)0.49≥5066(68.8)30(31.3)MenopausePremenopause46(59.0)32(41.0)0.04Postmenopause60(74.1)21(25.9)HGGrade=116(80.0)4(20.0)0.02Grade=247(75.8)15(24.2)Grade=343(56.6)33(43.4)LVINo73(68.6)33(31.4)0.69Yes33(64.7)18(35.3)ERNegative42(52.5)38(47.5)<0.001Positive64(81.0)15(19.0)PRNegative65(61.3)41(38.7)0.043Positive41(77.4)12(22.6)Her-2/neunot expressed76(63.3)44(36.7)0.14overexpressed29(76.3)9(23.7)Ki-67negative68(80.0)17(20.0)<0.001positive38(51.4)26(48.6)
Citation Format: JungSun Lee, Woo-Gyeong Kim. High Mammographic Breast density was correlated with overall survival of operable breast cancer which expressed CD44+CD24-/ALDH-1+ abstract. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-24.
In this paper, we report a full-color reflective display device by combining reflective electrochromic device (ECD) and different color production units (conventional color filter (CF) and ...transmittance controllable electrochromic color filter (TCECF)). A full-color reflective device with TCECF showed an excellent diffuse reflectance of 47.2% in the white state owing to the high transmittance of TCECF in the bleached state than that of CF (19.5%). This device structure can easily provide various colors with high brightness and saturation with a broad grayscale. Particularly, in the colored state, TCECF and CF-based full-color reflective device displayed color coordinates of (0.59, 0.34), (0.31, 0.66), (0.24, 0.30) and (0.65, 0.33), (0.27, 0.61), (0.15, 0.06), for red, green and blue, respectively, and alongside also exhibited color gamut of 36.8% (for TCECF) and 73.1% (for CF) for full color reflective devices.
In this study, we report a new molecular dipole orientation measurement method by simply measuring photolumincence exciton decay rate with time resolved equipment in the film state. Our measurement ...method is very simple, universal and reliable to measure the dipole orientation in any OLED molecules.
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