ObjectivesAlthough the effects of long working hours on liver function remain unclear, in South Korea, there is a social perception that long working hours are associated with poor liver function. ...Thus, long working hours have recently become a major issue. This study aimed to determine the association between long working hours and liver function, as indicated by the alanine transaminase (ALT) levels.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingLarge university hospitals in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea.ParticipantsWorkers in formal employment who underwent a comprehensive health examination at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centre clinics in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea, between January 2011 and December 2018. Of the 386 488 participants, 212 421 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis.Primary outcome measureALT elevation.ResultsThe participants were predominantly well-educated (86.1%), male (69.3%) and in their 30s (49.6%). In total, 13.4% of the participants presented ALT elevation (>40 IU/L). There was no significant association between working hours and ALT elevation in the general population and in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative group. Conversely, in the HBsAg-positive group, working >60 hours per week compared with 35–40 hours per week was significantly associated with ALT elevation. The association was more pronounced in those with ALT levels >80 IU/L (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24 to 3.01) than in those with ALT levels >40 IU/L (OR: 1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.75). The p values for trend were <0.05.ConclusionsLong working hours were associated with ALT elevation only in hepatitis B virus carriers and not in the general population. Provided that there is adherence to the legal working hours, there is no need to further restrict working hours for liver health, irrespective of HBsAg status.
This study investigated the association between parental long working hours and the depression of children living with their parents even after becoming adults in South Korea. Data from two years of ...the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2014 and 2016 were analyzed using a cross-sectional study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between parental long working hours and their adult children's depression. Adult children of mothers who worked more than 60 hours per week were more likely to have depression than 40 hours or less per week. Comprehending aging mothers' weekly working hours is an important factor for understanding the reason of adult children's depression.
In this article, we present a 4.13-GHz ultrahigh-speed (UHS) pseudo two-port SRAM for high-performance computing (HPC) in 4-nm FinFET technology. By applying the bitline (BL) charge time reduction ...(BLCTR) with clamped BL discharge (CBLD) scheme that improves BL charge and write time, the flying word-line (WL) architecture that enhances WL enable time, and the dual address pumping (DAP) architecture with flip-flop that reduces read and write switching time and address latching time, the proposed pseudo two-port SRAM demonstrates a UHS performance with a 4.13-GHz operating speed. A test-chip using the proposed scheme and architecture is fabricated in Samsung 4 nm FinFET technology and demonstrates UHS pseudo two-port 32-Kb SRAM operating at 4.13 GHz under 0.85 V and 100 c conditions.
A triazole-bearing strapped calix4pyrrole (
1
) was synthesized as a lithium salt selective ion pair receptor.
1
H NMR spectral studies and X-ray crystallography showed that the capture of LiCl by
1
...occurs
via
separated ion pair binding. Furthermore, lithium salts extracted by
1
could be solidified in the form of Li
2
CO
3
through CO
2
or K
2
CO
3
treatment.
A triazole-bearing strapped calix4pyrrole (
1
) was synthesized as a lithium salt selective ion pair receptor.
Triazole-bearing calixpyrroles (
TCP
s) were synthesized as artificial anion binding receptors. The additional C-H X hydrogen bonding interaction induced strong binding affinity towards halide ions. ...Using this strong binding affinity, Cl
−
was successfully extracted from the aqueous to organic phase.
Triazole-bearing calixpyrroles (
TCP
s) were synthesized as artificial anion binding receptors.
Satellite attitude-control actuators are equipped with a reaction wheel for three-axis attitude control. The reaction wheel rotates a motor inside the actuator to generate torque in the vector ...direction. When using the reaction wheel, there are restrictions on the torque values generated as the motor rotates. The torque value of the reaction wheels mounted on small satellites is approximately 10 mNm, and high values are not used. Therefore, three-axis attitude control of a small satellite is possible using a reaction wheel, but this method is not suitable for missions that require rapid attitude control at a specific time. As a technology to overcome the small torque value of the reaction wheel, the control moment gyro (CMG) is currently in wide use as a rapid attitude-control actuator in space satellites. The CMG has an internal gimbal mounted at a right angle to the rotation motor and generates a large torque value. In general, when the gimbal operates, a torque value approximately 100 times greater is generated, making it suitable for rapid posture maneuvering. Currently, we are developing a technology for mounting a controlled moment gyro on a small satellite, and here we share the development status of an 800 mNm CMG. KCI Citation Count: 0
Attitude control of a satellite is very important to ensure proper for mission performance. Satellites launched in the past had simple missions. However, recently, with the advancement of technology, ...the tasks to be performed have become more complex. One example relies on a new technology that allows satellites quickly alter their attitude while orbiting in space. Currently, one of the most widely used technologies for satellite attitude control is the reaction wheel. However, the amount of torque generated by reaction wheels is too low to facilitate quick maneuvers by the satellite. One way to overcome this is to implement posture control logic using a control moment gyroscope (CMG). Various types of CMGs have been applied to space systems, and CMGs are currently mounted on large-scale satellites. However, although technological advancements have continued, the market for CMGs applicable to, small satellites remains in its early stages. An ultra-small CMG was developed for use with small satellites weighing less than 200 kg. The ultra-small CMG measured its target performance outcomes using a precision torque-measuring device.
The target performance of the CMG, at 800 mNm, was set through an analysis. The final torque of the CMG produced through the design after the analysis was 821mNm, meaning that a target tolerance level of 10% was achieved. KCI Citation Count: 0
Triazole-bearing calixpyrroles (TCPs) were synthesized as artificial anion binding receptors. The additional C-HX hydrogen bonding interaction induced strong binding affinity towards halide ions. ...Using this strong binding affinity, Cl- was successfully extracted from the aqueous to organic phase.
Optical see-through Head-Mounted Displays (OST HMDs, OHMDs) are known to facilitate situational awareness while accessing secondary information. However, information displayed on OHMDs can cause ...attention shifts, which distract users from natural social interactions. We hypothesize that information displayed in paracentral and near-peripheral vision can be better perceived while the user is maintaining eye contact during face-to-face conversations. Leveraging this idea, we designed a circular progress bar to provide progress updates in paracentral and near-peripheral vision. We compared it with textual and linear progress bars under two conversation settings: a simulated one with a digital conversation partner and a realistic one with a real partner. Results show that a circular progress bar can effectively reduce notification distractions without losing eye contact and is more preferred by users. Our findings highlight the potential of utilizing the paracentral and near-peripheral vision for secondary information presentation on OHMDs.
We transform traditional experience writing into in-situ voice-based multimedia authoring. Documenting experiences digitally in blogs and journals is a common activity that allows people to socially ...connect with others by sharing their experiences (e.g. travelogue). However, documenting such experiences can be time-consuming and cognitively demanding as it is typically done OUT-OF-CONTEXT (after the actual experience). We propose in-situ voice-based multimedia authoring (IVA), an alternative workflow to allow IN-CONTEXT experience documentation. Unlike the traditional approach, IVA encourages in-context content creations using voice-based multimedia input and stores them in multi-modal “snippets”. The snippets can be rearranged to form multimedia articles and can be published with light copy-editing. To improve the output quality from impromptu speech, Q&A scaffolding was introduced to guide the content creation. We implement the IVA workflow in an android application, LiveSnippets - and qualitatively evaluate it under three scenarios (travel writing, recipe creation, product review). Results demonstrated that IVA can effectively lower the barrier of writing with acceptable trade-offs in multitasking.
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