Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus of the family Geminiviridae, members of which are characterized by closed circular single-stranded DNA genomes of 2.7-2.8 kb ...in length, and include viruses transmitted by the Bemisia tabaci whitefly. No reports of TYLCV in Korea are available prior to 2008, after which TYLCV spread rapidly to most regions of the southern Korean peninsula (Gyeongsang-Do, Jeolla-Do and Jeju-Do). Fifty full sequences of TYLCV were analyzed in this study, and the AC1, AV1, IR, and full sequences were analyzed via the muscle program and bayesian analysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the Korea TYLCVs were divided into two subgroups. The TYLCV Korea 1 group (Masan) originated from TYLCV Japan (Miyazaki) and the TYLCV Korea 2 group (Jeju/Jeonju) from TYLCV Japan (Tosa/Haruno). A B. tabaci phylogenetic tree was constructed with 16S rRNA and mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I (MtCOI) sequences using the muscle program and MEGA 4.0 in the neighbor-joining algorithm. The sequence data of 16S rRNA revealed that Korea B. tabaci was closely aligned to B. tabaci isolated in Iran and Nigeria. The Q type of B. tabaci, which was originally identified as a viruliferous insect in 2008, was initially isolated in Korea as a non-viruliferous insect in 2005. Therefore, we suggest that two TYLCV Japan isolates were introduced to Korea via different routes, and then transmitted by native B. tabaci.
Recently, regulations pertaining to the noise and vibration environment of offshore plants have been strengthened. For example, the NORSOK standards have been applied, which are very strict ...regulations that are comparable to those applied to passenger ships. Furthermore, the use of porous materials, such as those used in most of the current insulating panels, has been forbidden. Therefore, honeycomb-backed Micro-Perforated Plates (MPPs) are now regarded as next-generation absorber materials. This paper reports the results of parametric studies that were performed using numerical methods to determine the effect of the thickness on the performance of a honeycomb panel and the effect of the perforation ratio on the MPP performance. The numerical results were verified through experiments. Finally, we propose a combined honeycomb/MPP panel where the MPP is placed between upper and lower honeycomb panels and one end surface is also replaced with an MPP.
To improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S rechargeable batteries, tunable porous carbon materials, which are known as carbide-derived carbons (CDCs), are employed as adsorbents and ...conductive matrices for the cathodic sulfur materials. A new assembly for Li-S cells was developed by introducing multi-layer membranes as separators. The use of the multi-layer membranes enables the minimization of the shuttle effect by expanding the distance between the separators and blocking the penetration of the polysulfide. The best discharge capacity and cycle life were obtained with ten layers of PP membrane in a sulfur-CDC@1200 composite cathode, resulting in a discharge capacity of 670 mA h g
−1
and a minimal gap in the charge-discharge capacity during cell cycling.
► Microcystis aeruginosa completely inhibited by crude methanol extract at 20μgmL−1. ► n-hexane soluble extract, was the best for growth inhibition of algae. ► Sorgoleone at 0.5μgmL−1, inhibited ...96.7% of M. aeruginosa. ► No observed effect concentration was 1.5μgmL−1 sorgoleone for the tested fish.
The discovery of natural and natural-based compounds has resulted in its application as an alternative to synthetic algicides to control harmful algae in aquatic systems. Of the many natural-product-based algicides, sorgoleone, a natural plant product from Sorghum bicolor root exudates has been investigated for its controlling effect on different algal species and its acute fish toxicity. Growth of the blue green algal species Microcystis aeruginosa Kützing was completely inhibited by the crude methanol extract of sorghum root at 20μgmL−1. The most noticeable inhibition was observed in the bioassay of n-hexane soluble extract, where 98% growth inhibition occurred in M. aeruginosa at the concentration of 1.25μgmL−1. Sorgoleone very effectively controlled blue green algae inhibiting 97% of M. aeruginosa at 0.5μgmL−1 and 99% of Anabaena affinis Lemmermann at 4μgmL−1. In contrast, inhibition of the green algae species Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck and Scenedensmus spp. at 16μgmL−1 sorgoleone was 87 and 68%, respectively. There were no mortalities or adverse effects observed in any of the fish exposed to water control, solvent control, and a nominal concentration of 1μgmL−1 during the test period. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) value was 1.5μgmL−1 for the tested fish (O. latipes). Sorgoleone can be considered as an effective and an ecologically and environmentally sustainable approach to controlling harmful algae.
This paper addresses the automatic classification of X-rated videos by analyzing its obscene sounds. In this paper, we propose the optimized repeated curve-like spectrum feature for classifying ...obscene sounds and the skip-and-analysis processing for classifying videos. The optimized repeated curve-like spectrum feature uses the longer frame size for stationary frequency region based on the fact that most of obscene sounds, such as sexual moans and screams, consist of mostly vowels and the variation of syllables occurs slowly compared to general speech. It also uses the customized mel-scaled bandpass filter for the valid frequency regions of obscene sounds with the frequency contents mainly under 5 kHz. The skip-and-analysis processing is based on the video playback characteristics that a harmful or normal scene continues to be played at least for certain duration of time during a playback. When the skip-and-analysis processing is applied, clips to be analyzed are selected by skip interval values and only these selected clips are used to classify videos. The processing performances of the optimized repeated curve-like spectrum feature have improvements from 21 % to 25.6 % compared to the repeated curve-like spectrum feature without degradation of classification performance in clip-level classification. Furthermore, when the skip-and-analysis processing is applied, the processing performance of classifying is improved significantly by from 82.59 % to 95.03 % maintaining the classification performance of more than 90 % at F1-score.
We isolated Streptomyces scopuliridis KR-001 that produced herbicidal active metabolite(s) against several grass and broad leaf weeds. In this study, potential as natural herbicide of mutant N-29 ...broth filtrate of S. scopuliridis KR-001 was investigated to Ambrosia artemisiifilia in a greenhouse and field condition. The broth filtrate of mutant N-29 by foliar application showed a strong herbicidal activity to A. artemisiifilia with leaf stage in a greenhouse condition. Also, field trial of foliar application within treatment range had effectively controlled with early and middle stage of A. artemisiifilia at the natural habitats. Phytotoxic symptoms of mutant N-29 broth filtrate by foliar application were wilting and discoloration, and burn-down of leaves and finally plant death. These results suggest that mutant N-29 broth filtrate is considered possible as a natural herbicide for controlling environmentally friend to invasive alien plant such as A. artemisiifilia and may provide a new lead molecule for a more efficient herbicide. 토양 방선균 Streptomyces scopuliridis KR-001의 개량 균주인 N-29 균주 배양 여액의 돼지풀에 대한 방제효과를 온실 및 포장조건에서 수행하여 돼지풀 방제제 후보소재로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. N-29 균주 배양 여액은 온실조건에서 돼지풀초 중 후기 경엽처리 시 처리된 농도범위에서 대부분 완전 방제되었으며, 자연상태에서 발생한 돼지풀에 대해서도 매우 탁월한 방제효과를 나타내었다. 선발 균주 N-29 배양 여액의 돼지풀에 대한 살초특성은 매우 속효성일 뿐만 아니라 약효지속기간도 매우 길게 유지되었으며, 외형적으로 발현되는 주요 증상으로는 처리 초기에 황화 증상이 발현되었다가 고사로 진행되어 궁극적으로 낙엽화되어 사멸되었다. 토양 방선균 N-29 균주는 친환경적인 생태계교란 광엽잡초 돼지풀 방제제로서 유용하게 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Sulfides encapsulated in zeolite 4A have been known to be stabilized by protection of the inorganic framework in spite of the possibility that they could be decomposed and eventually released into ...environment. This study focused on their release properties along with identification of the chemical species and location. At an optimized treatment condition, zeolite 4A encapsulated sulfides to be the total sulfur content up to a weight % of 10.61. Major encapsulated sulfides were identified to be S62− in α-cage and S3•− in β-cage, respectively. Extraction with deionized water revealed that 77% of the encapsulated sulfides was rapidly released within 3 days while the rest was gradually and completely released within 3 weeks. It was suggested in zeolite 4A that S62− in α-cage was released rapidly whereas S3•− in β-cage slowly. This release behavior of encapsulated sulfides provides a new strategy to explore their potentials for advanced applications.
The sulfides encapsulated in zeolite 4A were released from both α- and β-cages on exposure to deionized water. Display omitted
•Major encapsulated sulfides were identified to be S62− in α-cage and S3•− in β-cage, respectively.•S62− in α-cage was released rapidly whereas S3•− in β-cage slowly•Release behavior was visualized by the change in color over sequential extraction.
To compare the clinical severity of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) based on the method of child birth.
Children diagnosed with CMT and who were < 6-years-of-age at the time of their first ...visit at the Center for Torticollis, Ajou Medical Center, were included in this study. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed with reference to the method of child birth and the clinical severity of CMT. The clinical severity of CMT was determined either by whether stretching exercises were needed for the children <6-month-of-age or whether surgical release was required for the children ≥6-months-of-age at the time of the first visit.
One hundred seventy eight subjects with CMT were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the rate of surgical release according to the method of child birth. For 132 patients <6-month-of-age there was also no significant difference in the rate of stretching exercises.
There was no significant difference in the clinical severity of CMT based on the method of child birth. This finding suggests that prenatal factors alone could be a cause of CMT and that the clinical severity of CMT in children delivered by Cesarean section is not different when compared with the severity of CMT in children born through vaginal delivery.
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