We report on the heterogeneous sensitization of metal–organic framework (MOF)-driven metal-embedded metal oxide (M@MO) complex catalysts onto semiconductor metal oxide (SMO) nanofibers (NFs) via ...electrospinning for markedly enhanced chemical gas sensing. ZIF-8-derived Pd-loaded ZnO nanocubes (Pd@ZnO) were sensitized on both the interior and the exterior of WO3 NFs, resulting in the formation of multiheterojunction Pd–ZnO and ZnO–WO3 interfaces. The Pd@ZnO loaded WO3 NFs were found to exhibit unparalleled toluene sensitivity (R air /R gas = 4.37 to 100 ppb), fast gas response speed (∼20 s) and superior cross-selectivity against other interfering gases. These results demonstrate that MOF-derived M@MO complex catalysts can be functionalized within an electrospun nanofiber scaffold, thereby creating multiheterojunctions, essential for improving catalytic sensor sensitization.
Thin‐film transistors using metal oxide semiconductors are essential in many unconventional electronic devices. Nevertheless, further advances will be necessary to broaden their technological appeal. ...Here, a new strategy is reported to achieve high‐performance solution‐processed metal oxide thin‐film transistors (MOTFTs) by introducing a metallic micro‐island array (M‐MIA) on top of the MO back channel, where the MO is a‐IGZO (amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide). Here Al‐MIAs are fabricated using honeycomb cinnamate cellulose films, created by a scalable breath‐figure method, as a shadow mask. For IGZO TFTs, the electron mobility (µe) increases from ≈3.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 to near 15.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 for optimal Al‐MIA dimension/coverage of 1.25 µm/51%. The Al‐MIA IGZO TFT performance is superior to that of controls using compact/planar Al layers (Al‐PL TFTs) and Au‐MIAs with the same channel coverage. Kelvin probe force microscopy and technology computer‐aided design simulations reveal that charge transfer occurs between the Al and the IGZO channel which is optimized for specific Al‐MIA dimensions/surface channel coverages. Furthermore, such Al‐MIA IGZO TFTs with a high‐k fluoride‐doped alumina dielectric exhibit a maximum µe of >50.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 . This is the first demonstration of a micro‐structured MO semiconductor heterojunction with submicrometer resolution metallic arrays for enhanced transistor performance and broad applicability to other devices.
Amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) TFT performance can be substantially enhanced by placing aluminum micro‐island arrays (Al‐MIAs) directly on top of the IGZO back channel. The MIA channel coverages/dimensions can be readily optimized by vapor depositing Al through tailored honeycomb cinnamate‐cellulose film shadow masks, demonstrating the great versatility of this route to enhance metal oxide thin‐film‐transistor performance.
Near-field magnetic wireless systems have distinct advantages over their conventional farfield counterparts in water-rich environments, such as underwater, underground, and in biological tissues, due ...to lower power absorption. This paper presents a comprehensive review of near-field magnetic wireless power transfer (WPT) and communication technologies in a variety of applications from general free-space systems, to implantable biomedical devices we find of particular interest. To implement a fully wirelessly-powered implantable system, both high-efficiency power transfer and high-rate data communication are essential. This paper first presents the history and the fundamentals of near-field WPT and communication in free-space systems, followed by technical details for their specific use in implantable biomedical devices. Finally, this paper reviews recent advances in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer and highlights their applications in implantable biomedical systems. The knowledge reviewed in the paper could provide intuition in the design of various wireless and mobile systems such as wireless body area networks, small-cell 5G cellular, as well as in-body biomedical applications, especially for efficient power and data management and higher security.
Seismic random noise is one of the main factors that degrade the quality of seismic data. Therefore, seismic random noise attenuation should be performed appropriately through several stages during ...seismic data processing, and this requires sufficient experience and knowledge because the proper hyperparameters need to be determined based on the features of the noise in the target seismic data. Recently, machine learning–based seismic noise attenuation has been widely studied because it provides suitable results by learning noise features from noisy data, unlike conventional physics‐based approaches. There are many important factors in machine learning, and, here, we focus on the loss functions of machine learning in terms of seismic random noise attenuation. The most widely used loss function is l2, but we train a model with various kinds of single and multiple loss functions and attenuate seismic random noise. We analyse the efficiency of loss functions by comparing the noise‐attenuated results of synthetic and field seismic data qualitatively and quantitatively. Our analysis indicates that the multiple loss function with the l1 norm can be a proper choice for random noise suppression of seismic data.
Abstract
The plasticization effect by the addition of nonpolar bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (dioctyl phthalate) (DOP) on the glass transition temperatures (
T
g
s) of poly(styrene‐Na methacrylate) ...(PSMANa) ionomers was investigated. The matrix
T
g
(
T
g,m
) and cluster
T
g
(
T
g,c
) of the ionomers dropped linearly as the DOP content in the PSMANa ionomers enhanced, only when the phase separation of DOP did not occur. Since the
T
g,m
and
T
g,c
of the ionomer increased somewhat linearly with increasing ion content of the ionomer, simple equations were obtained to express the
T
g
s of the ionomers using the ion contents (
x
mol%) and the DOP contents (
y
wt%) of the ionomers;
T
g,m
(°C) = 121 + 3.0
x
+ 2.8
y
and
T
g,c
(°C) = 171 + 6.3
x
+ 2.6
y
. According to the x‐ray scattering results, for the ionomer containing 6.4 mol% of ions, the distance between scattering centers increased from 21 to 22 Å when ca. 40 wt% of DOP was added. This suggested that the DOP promoted the mobility of the styrene chains, enhancing the formation of multiplets. On the other hand, for the ionomer containing 22.4 mol% of ions, when ca. 40 wt% was added, the distance between multiplets widened from 18 to 21 Å.
We hypothesized that the association between BP and endovascular treatment (EVT) outcomes would differ by baseline perfusion and recanalization status. We identified 388 ICA or M1 occlusion patients ...who underwent EVT ≤ 24 h from onset with successful recanalization (TICI ≥ 2b). BP was measured at 5-min intervals from arrival and during the procedure. Systolic BPs (SBP) were summarized as dropmax (the maximal decrease over two consecutive measurements), incmax (the maximal increase), mean, coefficient of variation (cv), and standard deviation. Adequate baseline perfusion was defined as hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR) ≤ 0.5; infarct proportion as the volume ratio of final infarcts within the Tmax > 6 s region. In the adequate perfusion group, infarct proportion was closely associated with SBPdropmax (β ± SE (P-value); 1.22 ± 0.48, (< 0.01)), SBPincmax (1.12 ± 0.33, (< 0.01)), SBPcv (0.61 ± 0.15 (< 0.01)), SBPsd (0.66 ± 0.08 (< 0.01)), and SBPmean (0.71 ± 0.37 (0.053) before recanalization. The associations remained significant only in SBPdropmax, SBPincmax, and SBPmean after recanalization. SBPincmax, SBPcv and SBPsd showed significant associations with modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months in the pre-recanalization period. In the poor perfusion group, none of the SBP indices was associated with any stroke outcomes regardless of recanalization status. BP may show differential associations with stroke outcomes by the recanalization and baseline perfusion status.
Vitellogenesis (yolk accumulation) begins upon eclosion and continues through the process of sexual maturation. Upon reaching sexual maturity, vitellogenesis is placed on hold until it is induced ...again by mating. However, the mechanisms that gate vitellogenesis in response to developmental and reproductive signals remain unclear. Here, we have identified the neuropeptide allatostatin-C (AstC)-producing neurons that gate both the initiation of vitellogenesis that occurs post-eclosion and its re-initiation post-mating. During sexual maturation, the AstC neurons receive excitatory inputs from Sex Peptide Abdominal Ganglion (SAG) neurons. In mature virgin females, high sustained activity of SAG neurons shuts off vitellogenesis via continuous activation of the AstC neurons. Upon mating, however, Sex Peptide inhibits SAG neurons, leading to deactivation of the AstC neurons. As a result, this permits both JH biosynthesis and the progression of vitellogenesis in mated females. Our work has uncovered a central neural circuit that gates the progression of oogenesis.
Abstract
Study Objectives
We investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) slow oscillations (SOs), sleep spindles (SSs), and their temporal coordination during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in ...patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD).
Methods
We analyzed 16 patients with video-polysomnography-confirmed iRBD (age, 65.4 ± 6.6 years; male, 87.5%) and 10 controls (age, 62.3 ± 7.5 years; male, 70%). SSs and SOs were automatically detected during stage N2 and N3. We analyzed their characteristics, including density, frequency, duration, and amplitude. We additionally identified SO-locked spindles and examined their phase distribution and phase locking with the corresponding SO. For inter-group comparisons, we used the independent samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate.
Results
The SOs of iRBD patients had significantly lower amplitude, longer duration (p = 0.005 for both), and shallower slope (p < 0.001) than those of controls. The SS power of iRBD patients was significantly lower than that of controls (p = 0.002), although spindle density did not differ significantly. Furthermore, SO-locked spindles of iRBD patients prematurely occurred during the down-to-up-state transition of SOs, whereas those of controls occurred at the up-state peak of SOs (p = 0.009). The phase of SO-locked spindles showed a positive correlation with delayed recall subscores (p = 0.005) but not with tonic or phasic electromyography activity during REM sleep.
Conclusions
In this study, we found abnormal EEG oscillations during NREM sleep in patients with iRBD. The impaired temporal coupling between SOs and SSs may reflect early neurodegenerative changes in iRBD.
All-solid-state batteries are considered as one of the attractive alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries, due to their intrinsic safe properties benefiting from the use of non-flammable ...solid electrolytes in ASSBs. However, one of the issues in employing the solid-state electrolyte is the sluggish ion transport kinetics arising from the chemical and physical instability of the interfaces among solid components including electrode material, electrolyte and additive agents. In this work, we investigate the stability of the interface between carbon conductive agents and Li10GeP2S12 in a composite cathode and its effect on the electrochemical performance of ASSBs. It is found that the inclusion of various carbon conductive agents in composite cathode leads to inferior kinetic performance of the cathode despite expectedly enhanced electrical conductivity of the composite. We observe that the poor kinetic performance is attributed to a large interfacial impedance which is gradually developed upon the inclusions of the various carbon conductive agents regardless of their physical differences. The analysis through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy suggests that the carbon additives in the composite cathode stimulate the electrochemical decomposition of LGPS electrolyte degrading its surface during cycling, indicating the large interfacial resistance stems from the undesirable decomposition of the electrolyte at the interface.
This case report describes a woman aged 43 years with Stickler syndrome and bilateral vitreopapillary traction who presented with shadows and ghosting of vision in both eyes.
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