Many factors are associated with the development of low back pain. Among them, exercise, obesity, smoking, age, educational level and stress are the most common. This study examined the association ...of these factors with low back pain. An additional aim was to determine a procedure for preventing low back pain. This study analyzed the responses to a questionnaire sent to 772 individuals who had undergone a medical examination at this hospital in 2003 and excluded the individuals who had shown symptoms or their test results indicated a particular disease. Assuming that there were no variables, individuals who exercised regularly 3-4 times per week would have a lower chance of having low back pain than those who did not exercise regularly. The analysis revealed that individuals with a college degree or higher education have a lower chance of experiencing low back pain than those with only a high school education or even college drop-outs. When the other variables were constant, age, extent of obesity (body mass index), smoking and level of stress were not found to affect the development of low back pain. The level of education was associated with the development of low back pain. However, regular exercise 3-4 times per week or more would be most effective in reducing the incidence and duration of low back pain.
Little is known about the prevalence and seroprevalence of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the risk factors for HPV infection in Korean women. We determined the prevalence of low-risk HPV ...among 902 women aged 20-59 yr and the seroprevalence of low-risk HPV subtypes 6 and 11 among 1,094 women aged 9-59 yr in the general population. Genital low-risk HPV DNA was assessed by liquid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Antibody titers against HPV 6 and 11 were measured by a multiplexed competitive luminex technique. The prevalence of genital low-risk HPV was 4.9%. It reached its highest peak of 10.3% at 20-29 yr of age and a second peak of 3.2% at 50-59 yr of age. The seroprevalence of HPV 6 or 11 was 9.4%. It reached its highest peak of 12.7% at 25-29 yr of age and a second peak of 12.3% at 50-59 yr of age. In multivariable analysis, the number of lifetime sexual partners and past history of sexually transmitted diseases were associated with the seroprevalence but not prevalence of HPV. It is suggested that younger women should receive prophylactic HPV vaccination before they become sexually active and exposed to HPV in their 20s. This study provides baseline data for developing HPV vaccination programs and monitoring vaccine efficacy in Korea.
Background
According to the AJCC/UICC TNM classification, T mesocolon invasion in AGC is classified as T2b or T3 according to the presence or the absence of serosa invasion. However, many authors ...have considered T mesocolon invasion in AGC as T4. This study was performed to evaluate the appropriate T stage for T mesocolon invasion in AGC.
Materials and Methods
From 1996 to 2008, 90 patients underwent curative gastrectomy with T mesocolon excision at the authors’ institute under the suspicion of T mesocolon invasion based on surgical findings and without pathologic invasion to any other organ. Histopathologic findings were reviewed to determine whether tumors had invaded the T mesocolon. Survival data of AGC patients registered in the SNUH database (
N
= 9998, from 1986 to 2007) was used as reference data for comparative purposes.
Results
A total of 27 patients (30%) had proven histopathological invasion of the T mesocolon, and a significant difference in survival rates was found between these 27 and the remaining 63 (
P
= .012). As compared with the SNUH database population, the survival rate of T mesocolon invasion patients differed from those of T2b (
P
< .001) and T3 (
P
= .043) patients, but was similar to that of T4 patients (
P
= .218). Furthermore, for N1 stage patients, the survival rate differed from those of T2b (
P
= .001) and T3 (
P
= .046) patients, but was similar to that of T4 patients (
P
= .744).
Conclusions
The T stage of T mesocolon invasion in AGC should be revised to AJCC/UICC stage T4, because the survival rate of T mesocolon invasion AGC is lower than that of stage T2b or T3.
Formaldehyde use is associated with serious health risks, which can affect medical personnel and technicians. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of an alternative fixative, with respect to two ...types of formalin fixatives, by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and RNA extraction. For H&E staining, the circular nucleus was stained dark blue by the basic dye hematoxylin and the cytoplasm was stained red by the acid dye eosin in all three fixative samples. No difference was found in the Duksan General Science (DGS), Sigma-Aldrich, and Core-Fix fixative samples (Corebiotech) used to fix kidney tissue, after PAS staining. IHC staining showed that CD4 was significantly increased in the lippolysaccharide (LPS)-treated group compared to the control group (vehicle), confirming the changes in specific molecules. The quantity and quality of RNA from tissues fixed in the three types of fixatives were evaluated. The average concentration of RNA was 106 ng/µL and average purity at A 260/280 ratio was 1.7~2.0, regardless of fixative used. For quality of protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein was confirmed by Western blotting. In conclusion, Core-Fix can be used as a fixative for pathological tissues, in histological and molecular diagnoses.
Pilomatricoma is a benign tumor of subcutaneous tissue that arises from hair follicle matrix cells and is usually asymptomatic. Several clinical reports of pilomatricoma have been published in Korean ...radiology, dermatology, and pathology literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no Korean case reports of pilomatricoma mimicking male breast cancer. We report a case of pilomatricoma presenting as an exophytic palpable mass in the left breast of an adult male.
The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine whether there are specific CT features that can be used to differentiate polypoid early from advanced gastric cancer and to assess the ...performance of radiologists using specific CT findings for differentiation.
A review of medical records yielded the cases of 46 patients, 27 with polypoid early gastric cancer and 19 with polypoid advanced gastric cancer, whose CT scans were available for review. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the CT images for the presence and depth of dimpling at the tumor base, the presence of vessel invagination at the dimpling site, thickening of the low-attenuating outer layer, perigastric infiltration, and transmural full-thickness enhancement of the lesion. Individual CT findings relevant as predictors were determined with univariate and multivariate analyses. Individual review of CT scans subsequently was performed by two other radiologists, who were blinded to tumor stage but aware of the results of univariate and multivariate analyses. Individual performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis.
The presence of severe dimpling greater than 3.5 mm at the base of the tumor (odds ratio, 31.3) had the highest odds ratio for differentiating early from advanced gastric cancer, followed by vessel invagination (odds ratio, 12.3), the presence of dimpling (odds ratio, 9.8), perigastric infiltration (odds ratio, 5.2), and transmural full-thickness enhancement (odds ratio, 4.8). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of dimpling greater than 3.5 mm was the only independent variable that differentiated polypoid advanced gastric cancer from polypoid early gastric cancer (p = 0.001). Subsequent differentiation of advanced from early gastric cancer with the described CT findings was very good, yielding areas under the receiver operating characteristic analysis curves of 0.827 and 0.811 for the two observers.
Greater than 3.5 mm dimpling and other ancillary CT findings are helpful in differentiating polypoid advanced gastric cancer from polypoid early gastric cancer and contribute to good individual accuracy for differentiation.
Objective: Although nerve-sparing radical surgery (NSRS) is an emerging technique for reducing surgery-related dysfunctions, its efficacy is controversial in patients with cervical cancer. Thus, we ...performed a meta-analysis to compare clinical outcomes, and urinary, anorectal, and sexual dysfunctions between conventional radical surgery (CRS) and NSRS. Methods: After searching PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, two randomized controlled trials, seven prospective and eleven retrospective cohort studies were included with 2,253 patients from January 2000 to February 2014. We performed crude analyses and then conducted subgroup analyses according to study design, quality of study, surgical approach, radicality, and adjustment for potential confounding factors. Results: Crude analyses showed decreases in blood loss, hospital stay, frequency of intraoperative complications, length of the resected vagina, duration of postoperative catheterization (DPC), urinary frequency, and abnormal sensation in NSRS, whereas there were no significant differences in other clinical parameters and dysfunctions between CRS and NSRS. In subgroup analyses, operative time was longer (standardized difference in means, 0.948; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.642 to 1.253), while intraoperative complications were less common (odds ratio, 0.147; 95% CI, 0.035 to 0.621) in NSRS. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that DPC was shorter, urinary incontinence or frequency, and constipation were less frequent in NSRS without adverse effects on survival and sexual functions. Conclusion: NSRS may not affect prognosis and sexual dysfunctions in patients with cervical cancer, whereas it may decrease intraoperative complications, and urinary and anorectal dysfunctions despite long operative time and short length of the resected vagina when compared with CRS.
In the present report, we describe an unusual case of an intramural gastric abscess caused by a foreign body, detected in the form of a subepithelial tumor. A 64-year-old woman was referred to our ...gastroenterology clinic for further evaluation of a gastric subepithelial tumor. The patient presented with a 1-month history of sustained dull epigastric pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an ill-demarcated, round, smooth, protruding lesion with a small central erosion on the great curvature of the proximal antrum. Endoscopic ultrasonography indicated the presence of an ovoid, heterogeneous, hypoechoic lesion with small echogenic foci located in the submucosa and muscularis propria layers. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed focal gastric wall thickening and regional lymph node enlargement. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed for definite diagnosis and management. Thus, we detected a toothpick and removed it using grasping forceps. The final diagnosis was an intramural gastric abscess caused by a toothpick.
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