In order to investigate Li2S as a potential protective coating for lithium anode batteries using superionic electrolytes, we need to describe reactions and transport for systems at scales of >10,000 ...atoms for time scales beyond nanoseconds, which is most impractical for quantum mechanics (QM) calculations. To overcome this issue, here, we first report the development of the reactive analytical force field (ReaxFF) based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model systems at the PBE0/TZVP and M062X/TZVP levels. Then, we carry out reactive molecular dynamics simulations (RMD) for up to 20 ns to investigate the diffusion mechanisms in bulk Li2S as a function of vacancy density, determining the activation barrier for diffusion and conductivity. We show that RMD predictions for diffusion and conductivity are comparable to experiments, while results on model systems are consistent with and validated by short (10-100 ps) ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). This new ReaxFF for Li2S systems enables practical RMD on spatial scales of 10-100 nm (10,000 to 10 million atoms) for the time scales of 20 ns required to investigate predictively the interfaces between electrodes and electrolytes, electrodes and coatings, and coatings and electrolytes during the charging and discharging processes.
Optoelectronic neuromorphic systems mimicking the structure and the signal processing of biological neural systems have gained significant interest due to their potential advantages such as high ...computing speed, high bandwidth, parallel processing, and low power requirements. Here, we demonstrate an optoelectronic synapse array consisting of solution-processed indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) synapse devices emulating complex neural functions such as the spatiotemporal synaptic integration for neuromorphic implementation. Particularly, we adopted a vertically stacked metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal structure for IGZO synapse device to enable efficient light-induced conductance update and a low-voltage operation typically below 3 V. Using light as the stimulation, versatile synaptic functions including short-term memory/long-term memory, symmetric spike-timing dependent plasticity, and spike-number dependent plasticity were mimicked. In addition, we obtained a high recognition accuracy of handwritten digit images up to 89.4% by implementing ADAM training algorithm. Furthermore, using a crossbar structure 3 × 3 IGZO synapse array, the emulation of spatiotemporal summation was successfully carried out which is believed to be responsible for the neural encoding and the auditory recognition processes occur in the brain.
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•An optoelectronic synapse array consisting of solution-processed IGZO synapse device is demonstrated.•The emulation of complex neural functions such as the spatiotemporal synaptic integration was carried out.•Synaptic functions such as short-term/long-term memorization and symmetric spike-timing dependent plasticity were mimicked.•A high recognition accuracy of handwritten digit images is obtained using the IGZO synapse devices.
A new reactive force field based on quantum mechanical data for describing formation of the Zn electrode‐electrolyte interface (EEI) chemistry in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is developed. This ...is the first demonstration in which Reactive Molecular Dynamics (RMD) simulation is used to follow the Zn reduction and anode structural evolution at the EEI. It is found that under axial pressure, Zn dendrite formation is inhibited. This is associated with accelerated ion transport and reduction while increasing preference towards horizontal (002) plane growth. Pressure‐induced desolvation of Zn ions within the electric double layer, which promotes faster reduction kinetics is observed. It is found that axial pressure stabilizes adatoms on the (002) plane by decreasing axial atom stress during nucleation and by increasing favorable lateral adatom diffusion, which reduces atomic scale dendrite formation. Finally, these are confirmed results by experimental characterization and electrochemical tests.
Zn electroplating process includes ions transportation, reduction, and nucleation. However, the competition among Zn2+ diffusion, reduction kinetics, and crystallographic thermodynamics, remains ambiguous. The powerful computational tool, Reactive Molecular Dynamics simulation, is used to describe the movement, reactions, and nucleation during dynamics at the atomic scale to gain a thorough understanding of the atomistic interface environment and the origin of Zn dendrite formation.
This pioneering study aims to revolutionize self-symptom management and telemedicine-based remote monitoring through the development of a real-time wheeze counting algorithm. Leveraging a novel ...approach that includes the detailed labeling of one breathing cycle into three types: break, normal, and wheeze, this study not only identifies abnormal sounds within each breath but also captures comprehensive data on their location, duration, and relationships within entire respiratory cycles, including atypical patterns. This innovative strategy is based on a combination of a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network model, enabling real-time analysis of respiratory sounds. Notably, it stands out for its capacity to handle continuous data, distinguishing it from conventional lung sound classification algorithms. The study utilizes a substantial dataset consisting of 535 respiration cycles from diverse sources, including the Child Sim Lung Sound Simulator, the EMTprep Open-Source Database, Clinical Patient Records, and the ICBHI 2017 Challenge Database. Achieving a classification accuracy of 90%, the exceptional result metrics encompass the identification of each breath cycle and simultaneous detection of the abnormal sound, enabling the real-time wheeze counting of all respirations. This innovative wheeze counter holds the promise of revolutionizing research on predicting lung diseases based on long-term breathing patterns and offers applicability in clinical and non-clinical settings for on-the-go detection and remote intervention of exacerbated respiratory symptoms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Chicken parts are rarely contaminated with high Salmonella levels, above 1 CFU/g.•High-virulence serotypes are frequently found in US chicken parts.•Most salmonellosis risk is concentrated in ...chicken part products above 1 CFU/g.•Most salmonellosis risk is in products with high levels of high-virulence serotypes.
Salmonella prevalence declined in U.S. raw poultry products since adopting prevalence-based Salmonella performance standards, but human illnesses did not reduce proportionally. We used Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) to evaluate public health risks of raw chicken parts contaminated with different levels of all Salmonella and specific high- and low-virulence serotypes. Lognormal Salmonella level distributions were fitted to 2012 USDA-FSIS Baseline parts survey and 2023 USDA-FSIS HACCP verification sampling data. Three different Dose-Response (DR) approaches included (i) a single DR for all serotypes, (ii) DR that reduces Salmonella Kentucky ST152 virulence, and (iii) multiple serotype-specific DR models. All scenarios found risk concentrated in the few products with high Salmonella levels. Using a single DR model with Baseline data (μ = −3.19, σ = 1.29 Log CFU/g), 68% and 37% of illnesses were attributed to the 0.7% and 0.06% of products with >1 and >10 CFU/g Salmonella, respectively. Using distributions from 2023 HACCP data (μ = −5.53, σ = 2.45), 99.8% and 99.0% of illnesses were attributed to the 1.3% and 0.4% of products with >1 and >10 CFU/g Salmonella, respectively. Scenarios with serotype-specific DR models showed more concentrated risk at higher levels. Baseline data showed 92% and 67% and HACCP data showed >99.99% and 99.96% of illnesses attributed to products with >1 and >10 CFU/g Salmonella, respectively. Regarding serotypes using Baseline or HACCP input data, 0.002% and 0.1% of illnesses were attributed to the 0.2% and 0.4% of products with >1 CFU/g of Kentucky ST152, respectively, while 69% and 83% of illnesses were attributed to the 0.3% and 0.6% of products with >1 CFU/g of Enteritidis, Infantis, or Typhimurium, respectively. Therefore, public health risk in chicken parts is concentrated in finished products with high levels and specifically high levels of high-virulence serotypes. Low-virulence serotypes like Kentucky contribute few human cases.
Most spaceborne sensors have an inevitable tradeoff between spatial and spectral resolutions. This is a typical ill-posed inverse problem in the field of image fusion. To solve this problem, this ...letter proposes an image fusion method using spatial principal component analysis and modulation transfer function-based filters. The key behind the proposed fusion method is to efficiently estimate the missing spatial details by considering the spatial structures of the low-resolution multispectral (MS) imagery. Also, this letter proposes a newly developed injection gain model to resolve the local and global dissimilarity between panchromatic and MS imageries, which could prevent over- and under-injections. Finally, spatial details, optimized to be injected into the MS images, were constructed and paired with the developed injection gain model to produce high-resolution MS images. Two data sets acquired by WorldView-2 are employed for validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fusion method generates high-quality imagery in terms of both qualitative and quantitative standards.
Both defensin and inflammation are part of the human innate immune system that responds rapidly to pathogens. The combination of defensins with pro- or anti-inflammatory effects can be a potential ...research direction for the treatment of infection by pathogens. This study aimed to identify whether MSF (Miracle Synergy material made using
)
a probiotic lysate of
extracts fermented with
K8, activates the expression of human
-defensin (HBD2 and HBD3) to protect the host against pathogens and inhibit inflammation caused by
, in vitro with Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR and in vivo studies with a mouse model were used to evaluate the effects of MSF. The MSF treatment induced HBD2 and HBD3 expression via the p38 and NF-
B pathways. Furthermore, MSF treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-
, IL-1
, IL-6, and IL-8), also through p38 and NF-
B in
-induced inflammatory condition. MSF treatment remarkably reduced erythema in mice ears caused by the injection of
, while K8 lysate treatment did not initiate a strong recovery. Taken together, MSF induced the expression of HBD2 and HDB3 and activated anti-inflammatory activity more than the probiotic lysates of
K8. These findings show that MSF is a potential defensin inducer and anti-inflammatory agent.
Wireless charging of electric vehicles based on wireless power transfer (WPT) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, a leakage electromagnetic field (EMF) that affects other ...electronic devices or the human body is inevitably generated from the coils of a WPT system, and requirements regarding the suppression of the leakage EMF are increasing. In this paper, we propose a novel three-phase power line in a WPT system for the reduction of the leakage EMF. The proposed structure employs six power lines to reduce the leakage magnetic flux. This structure is compared with conventional power line structures with respect to induced voltage and magnetic field distribution. We also present analytical solutions of the EMF for the proposed and conventional power line structures. These solutions are then compared with numerical solutions using 3-D finite-element analysis and good agreement is demonstrated. The results of the numerical analysis indicate that the proposed power line can significantly reduce the leakage magnetic field from a WPT system. For verification, the proposed and conventional power lines are implemented and the EMFs are measured. A strong correlation between the numerical and experimental results is exhibited.
As conventional dark matter scenarios have been probed extensively so far, the physics of a light dark matter charged under a new gauge group (dark gauge group) becomes one of new research avenues in ...many theoretical and experimental studies. We examine properties of a dark photon showering, the radiation process of light gauge bosons from energetic dark matter particles produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This showering process provides different signatures at the LHC depending on the property of dark matter under the dark gauge group. We show that the LHC experiment can identify the chirality of a dark matter, which leads to understanding the mass origin of particles in the dark sector.
A novel, rational, and efficient way to explore high-performance electrocatalysts was developed by controlling the reaction kinetics of the rate-determining step (RDS). Density functional theory ...(DFT) calculations demonstrate that the RDS for the oxygen evolution reaction driven by transition metal hydroxides/oxides, i.e., surface adsorption of OH−/OOH• species, can be significantly promoted by increasing the electrophilicity of electrocatalysts via hybridization with electron-withdrawing inorganic nanosheets. As predicted by DFT calculation, the hybridization of Ni–Fe-layered double hydroxide (LDH)/Ni–Co-LDH, with RuO2 nanosheets (1.0 wt%) leads to significant lowering of the overpotentials to 207/276 mV at 10 mA cm−2, i.e., one of the smallest overpotentials for LDH-based materials, with the increase in the current density. The necessity of a very small amount of RuO2 nanosheets (1.0 wt%) to optimize the electrocatalyst activity highlights the remarkably high efficiency of the RuO2 addition. The present study underscores the importance of kinetic control of the RDS via hybridization with electron-withdrawing species for exploring novel efficient electrocatalysts.
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