Recent advances of plasmonic nanoparticles include fascinating developments in the fields of energy, catalyst chemistry, optics, biotechnology, and medicine. The plasmonic photothermal properties of ...metallic nanoparticles are of enormous interest in biomedical fields because of their strong and tunable optical response and the capability to manipulate the photothermal effect by an external light source. To date, most biomedical applications using photothermal nanoparticles have focused on photothermal therapy; however, to fully realize the potential of these particles for clinical and other applications, the fundamental properties of photothermal nanoparticles need to be better understood and controlled, and the photothermal effect‐based diagnosis, treatment, and theranostics should be thoroughly explored. This Progress Report summarizes recent advances in the understanding and applications of plasmonic photothermal nanoparticles, particularly for sensing, imaging, therapy, and drug delivery, and discusses the future directions of these fields.
Photothermally active plasmonic nanoparticles are of great interest in biomedical science due to their tunable resonance wavelength, high spatiotemporal resolution, photothermal therapeutic potential, and remote‐controllability by an external light source. Fundamentals in the design, synthesis, and properties of photothermal nanomaterials and the recent key advances in their biomedical applications, including in biosensors, imaging, therapy, drug delivery, and theranostics, are summarized and discussed.
Maximum atom efficiency as well as distinct chemoselectivity is expected for electrocatalysis on atomically dispersed (or single site) metal centres, but its realization remains challenging so far, ...because carbon, as the most widely used electrocatalyst support, cannot effectively stabilize them. Here we report that a sulfur-doped zeolite-templated carbon, simultaneously exhibiting large sulfur content (17 wt% S), as well as a unique carbon structure (that is, highly curved three-dimensional networks of graphene nanoribbons), can stabilize a relatively high loading of platinum (5 wt%) in the form of highly dispersed species including site isolated atoms. In the oxygen reduction reaction, this catalyst does not follow a conventional four-electron pathway producing H2O, but selectively produces H2O2 even over extended times without significant degradation of the activity. Thus, this approach constitutes a potentially promising route for producing important fine chemical H2O2, and also offers opportunities for tuning the selectivity of other electrochemical reactions on various metal catalysts.
The reversible and cooperative activation process, which includes electron transfer from surrounding redox mediators, the reversible valence change of cofactors and macroscopic functional/structural ...change, is one of the most important characteristics of biological enzymes, and has frequently been used in the design of homogeneous catalysts. However, there are virtually no reports on industrially important heterogeneous catalysts with these enzyme-like characteristics. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of highly active TiO2 photocatalysts incorporating site-specific single copper atoms (Cu/TiO2) that exhibit a reversible and cooperative photoactivation process. Our atomic-level design and synthetic strategy provide a platform that facilitates valence control of co-catalyst copper atoms, reversible modulation of the macroscopic optoelectronic properties of TiO2 and enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity, extending the boundaries of conventional heterogeneous catalysts.Reversible and cooperative activation processes are important characteristics of biological enzymes and can be used in designing catalysts. Highly active TiO2 photocatalysts incorporated with site-specific single copper atoms are now shown to exhibit such a photoactivation process.
The RHICf experiment measured transverse single spin asymmetry of
very forward (
\eta > 6
η
>
6
)
\pi^0
π
0
from polarized
p + p
p
+
p
collisions at
\sqrt{s} = 510
s
=
510
GeV. In order to measure it ...precisely, we installed a new
electromagnetic calorimeter at zero-degree area of the STAR experiment
at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and measured the
\pi^0
π
0
s
over the kinematic range of
x_F > 0.25
x
F
>
0.25
and
0 < p_T < 1
0
<
p
T
<
1
GeV/
c
c
in June 2017. A clear non-zero asymmetry was observed even in low
p_T < 1
p
T
<
1
GeV/
c
c
showing a similar
x_F
x
F
dependence with that of the forward (
2 < \eta < 4
2
<
η
<
4
)
\pi^0
π
0
.
A possible diffractive contribution may need to be taken into account to
explain the very forward
\pi^0
π
0
asymmetry. RHICf-STAR combined analysis and follow-up experiment will
give a clue to understand it qualitatively.
We propose a new volume reconstruction technique based on the six-direction cubic box-spline M6. M6 is C1 continuous and possesses an approximation order of three, the same as that of the ...tri-quadratic B-spline but with much lower degree. In fact, M6 has the lowest degree among the symmetric box-splines on Z3 with at least C1 continuity. We analyze the polynomial structure induced by the shifts of M6 and propose an efficient analytic evaluation algorithm for splines and their derivatives (gradient and Hessian) based on the high symmetry of M6. To verify the evaluation algorithm, we implement a real-time GPU (graphics processing unit) isosurface raycaster which exhibits interactive performance (54.5 fps (frames per second) with 2413 dataset on 5122 framebuffer) on a modern graphics hardware. Moreover, we analyze M6 as a reconstruction filter and state that it is comparable to the tri-cubic B-spline, which possesses a higher approximation order.
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This paper highlights the significance of safety and reliability in modern industries, particularly in sectors like petroleum and LNG, where safety valves play a critical role in ensuring system ...safety under extreme conditions. To enhance the reliability of these valves, this study aims to develop a deep learning-based prognostics and health management (PHM) model. Past empirical methods have limitations, driving the need for data-driven prediction models. The proposed model monitors safety valve performance, detects anomalies in real time, and prevents accidents caused by system failures. The research focuses on collecting sensor data, analyzing trends for lifespan prediction and normal operation, and integrating data for anomaly detection. This study compares related research and existing models, presents detailed results, and discusses future research directions. Ultimately, this research contributes to the safe operation and anomaly detection of pilot-operated cryogenic safety valves in industrial settings.
A
bstract
We examine the discovery potential for double Higgs production at the high luminosity LHC in the final state with two
b
-tagged jets, two leptons and missing transverse momentum. Although ...this dilepton final state has been considered a difficult channel due to the large backgrounds, we argue that it is possible to obtain sizable signal significance, by adopting a deep learning framework making full use of the relevant kinematics along with the jet images from the Higgs decay. For the relevant number of signal events we obtain a substantial increase in signal sensitivity over existing analyses. We discuss relative improvements at each stage and the correlations among the different input variables for the neutral network. The proposed method can be easily generalized to the semi-leptonic channel of double Higgs production, as well as to other processes with similar final states.
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to multicarbon hydrocarbons or oxygenate compounds beyond carbon monoxide is of great importance, as it offers a promising way to obtain a ...renewable fuel of high energy density and close the carbon cycle. Copper has been considered the predominant and effective electrocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), especially when aiming for ethylene products. However, the selectivity or current density of most catalysts for ethylene production is not satisfactory at competitive prices. Here, we present a newly designed electrocatalyst comprising Al2CuO4 nanosheets uniformly covered with CuO nanoparticles (CuAl-1: CuO/Al2CuO4-23) by phase and interphase engineering, achieving an ultrahigh selectivity of 82.4% for ethylene in an H-cell system with good catalytic stability and material durability for 100 h. In a flow-cell electrolyzer, this catalyst achieves a remarkably high ethylene partial current density of 421 mA cm−2, substantially higher than the as-synthesized bare CuO (261 mA cm−2) counterpart. The results of time-resolved attenuated total reflection-surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) suggest that compared to the CuO catalyst, CuAl-1 enabled high surface coverages of *CO intermediates and strengthened adsorption of *CO for C–C coupling toward *OCCO, which is an intermediate for the production of ethylene. X-ray absorption analysis confirms that Cu oxide species in CuAl-1 are well retained during CO2 reduction, whereas the bare CuO catalyst is completely reduced to the metallic Cu state. Density functional theory calculations propose that a synergistic effect between CuO and Al2CuO4 in the CuAl-1 steers the CO2RR pathway towards ethylene.
This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) and oxidative stress among tank maintenance workers in the Republic of Korea Army. Airborne concentrations of ...elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and metals were measured at two units. Urine analysis for 1-hydroxypyrene and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was performed for tank maintenance workers from one unit (n=17). To compare the level of 8-OHdG, the analysis was performed in 17 unexposed controls. The airborne EC concentration was 8.6–24.3 μg/m3 in indoor unit. EC was not detected in the outdoor unit. As for the PAHs, trace –0.0004 mg/m3 of naphthalene was detected. ITWA for 26 metals was calculated to be 0.009–0.027. The geometric mean urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was 0.08 μg/g creatinine. The geometric mean of 8-OHdG was 1.04 μg/g for the maintenance workers, while 0.45 μg/g for controls. The level of urinary 8-OHdG was significantly higher among maintenance workers in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, tank maintenance workers are exposed to various by-products from diesel engine combustion during work, and their level of oxidative stress marker was increased. Countermeasures for reducing hazardous substances in the military workplace are necessary.
This paper presents an alternative box-spline filter for the body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice, the seven-direction quartic box-spline M 7 that has the same approximation order as the eight-direction ...quintic box-spline M 8 but a lower polynomial degree, smaller support, and is computationally more efficient. When applied to reconstruction with quasi-interpolation prefilters, M 7 shows less aliasing, which is verified quantitatively by integral filter metrics and frequency error kernels. To visualize and analyze distributional aliasing characteristics, each spectrum is evaluated on the planes and lines with various orientations.
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