Cereal crops have recently experienced increased interest due to their potential health benefits. It has been suggested that the intake of whole grain foods is beneficial to the prevention and ...management of diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 70% EtOH extracts from different cultivars of sorghum, foxtail millet and proso millet on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Among the six sorghum cultivars, Mongdang-susu(SS-1), Me-susu(SS-2), Susongsaengi-susu(SS-3) and Sikyung-susu(SS-4) extracts exhibited higher inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase (
IC
50
=
1.1–1.4
μg/ml) than acarbose, reference inhibitor (
IC
50
=
2.1
μg/ml). In addition, these extracts strongly inhibited degradation of starch by pancreatic and salivary α-amylase, whereas extracts from foxtail and proso millets exhibited no visible or detectible inhibitory effect on α-amylase or on α-glucosidase activity. These
in vitro studies indicate the potential of sorghum in the development of effective anti-diabetic agents.
The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of Eclipta prostrata extracts. Two flavonoids, ...3′-O-methylorobol and apigenin 7-sulfate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of E. prostrata. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the E. prostrata extracts, as well as their overall antioxidant activities as measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays, were investigated. The E. prostrata EtOAc extract exhibited significantly greater antioxidant activities in both assays and higher phenol and flavonoid contents than the other extracts. The potential antiproliferative properties of the E. prostrata extracts and isolated compounds were investigated in vitro against the AGS, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines and the normal human HEK-293 cell line using the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess AGS cell apoptosis. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the EtOAc extract of E. prostrata reduced AGS cell viability and proliferation by inducing apoptosis through the alteration of gene expression in the apoptotic cascade. These results highlight E. prostrata as a promising source of anticancer compounds.
•A novel optimization method consists of the PSO-GN algorithm and the RMPSG-method.•The PSO-GN algorithm has a much broader search range than the PSO-Q algorithm.•The RPMSG-method combines partial ...solutions to get a more rational optimal solution.
The discharge flow process for flood control of a gate-controlled reservoir is performed by opening and closing the reservoir floodgates. Determining the optimal operation rules of the reservoir system consisting of fully opened floodgates according to time, taking into account the discharge characteristics of the gate-controlled reservoirs during the flood period, was an important demand raised by many reservoir managers. This paper introduces a novel optimization method based on the PSO algorithm combined with the rearrangement method of the particle solution groups to directly determine the optimal operation rules of the reservoir system which consists of the number of fully opened floodgates according to time. When applying the PSO algorithm, unlike previous research that uses the discharge flow process as decision variables, in this paper, the PSO-algorithm which uses the operating plan of floodgates as the decision variables is employed to determine the initial solution for the minimal flood peak discharge in the downstream. This initial solution is modified as a more reliable and realistic optimal operation rule of the reservoir that simultaneously satisfies the maximum flood peak elimination condition and the minimum operation of reservoir floodgates by the newly developed rearrangement method of partial solution groups. To validate the proposed method in this paper, two reservoirs placed in the upstream of Chongchen River and its tributary in the DPR of Korea are selected as a case study. In addition, the PSO algorithm and progressive optimality algorithm (POA) which use the discharge flow process as the decision variables were conducted to compare the performance with the newly proposed method. The validation results show that the method proposed in the paper is superior to the two methods and sufficiently reflects the demand of reservoir managers, which can be effectively applied to the determination of the optimal operating rule of the gate-controlled reservoirs during the flooding period.
The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been widely established. We evaluated the biological effects of ...probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 and acidophilus R0052), KRG (Korea red ginseng), and urushiol (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) on ALD, including their effects on normal and high-fat diet in mice.
One hundred C57BL/6 mice were classified into normal (N) and high-fat diet (H) groups. Each group was divided into 5 sub-groups: control, alcohol, alcohol+probiotics, alcohol+KRG, and alcohol+urushiol. A liver function test, histology, electron-microscopy, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-10, and TLR 4 were evaluated and compared.
In the N group, probiotics, KRG, and urushiol significantly reduced levels of TNF-α (12.3±5.1, 13.4±3.9, and 12.1±4.3 vs. 27.9±15.2 pg/mL) and IL-1β (108.4±39.4, 75.0±51.0, and 101.1±26.8 vs. 162.4±37.5 pg/mL), which were increased by alcohol. Alcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was reduced by probiotics and urushiol (0.7±0.2, and 0.8±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.3, p<0.001). In the H group, IL-10 was significantly increased by probiotics and KRG, compared with alcohol (25.3±15.6 and 20.4±6.2 vs. 7.6±5.6 pg/mL) and TLR 4 expression was reduced by probiotics (0.8±0.2 vs. 1.0±0.3, p = 0.007).
Alcohol-induced TLR 4 expression was down-regulated by probiotics in the normal and high-fat diet groups. Probiotics, KRG, and urushiol might be effective in the treatment of ALD by regulating the gut-liver axis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects from the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of sea buckthorn leaves. Six compounds, ...kaempferol-3-O-β-d-(6′′-O-coumaryl) glycoside, 1-feruloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, were isolated from sea buckthorn leaf extracts. The butanol fraction (EC50 = 1.81 μg/mL) along with quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (EC50 = 1.86 μg/mL) had a higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity and showed stronger reducing power (OD700 = 1.83 and 1.78, respectively). The butanol fraction (477 mg GAE/g) contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds and also the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (86%) at 5 μg/mL. The results indicate that sea buckthorn leaf extracts could potentially be used for food additives and the development of useful natural compounds.
In this study, a novel simulation-optimization model for the optimal flood control of the cascade barrage network was proposed by combining a simulation-based optimization method with a ...one-dimensional flood numerical analysis method. The simulation-based optimization method determines the optimal operation rules of cascade barrages, including the pre-discharge stage algorithm and the main-discharge stage algorithm for the securement of flood control storage and the establishment of a minimal discharge plan. The optimal operation rules describe the detailed operation process of barrage floodgates including full and partial opening and provide the upper and downstream boundary conditions for the flood numerical analysis method, which evaluate the flood propagation in the river channel between barrages. The proposed model was applied to the flood control of the six-cascade barrage network in the Taedong River, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and its effectiveness was verified in comparison with a well-known PSO-optimization method. The results show that the proposed model is superior to the existing other method and practically applicable to the flood control in the rivers with cascade barrage network.
We isolated four compounds, fustin, gallic acid, 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone, and fisetin from
Rhus verniciflua. These compounds showed electron donation ability (87–94%) that was stronger than ...butylated hydroxyanisole (52%). Gallic acid (OD
700
=
1.98) showed the highest reducing power, and the other isolated compounds (OD
700
=
0.66–1.31) showed stronger activity than α-tocopherol (OD
700
=
0.21). The ethyl-acetate fraction had the highest phenolic content (723
mg
GAE/g), followed by the 80% ethanolic extract (597
mg
GAE/g). For Gram-negative bacteria, fisetin had the most potent anti-bacterial activity (MIC
=
8
μg/ml) against
Escherichia coli. 3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavone (106%), the 80% ethanolic extract (101%), and ethyl-acetate (98%) had the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory effect at 50
μg/ml.
R. verniciflua extracts have potential as functional food additives.
Motivated by recent works on the butterfly structure, particularly by its generalization introduced by Canteaut et al. (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 63(11):7575–7591, 2017), we first push further the study ...of permutation polynomials over binary finite fields by completely characterizing those permutations
f
ϵ
̲
defined over the finite field
F
Q
2
(of order
Q
2
) having the following shape:
f
ϵ
̲
(
X
)
:
=
ϵ
1
X
¯
q
+
1
+
ϵ
2
X
¯
q
X
+
ϵ
3
X
¯
X
q
+
ϵ
4
X
q
+
1
where
q
=
2
k
,
Q
=
2
m
,
m
is odd,
gcd
(
m
,
k
)
=
1
,
X
¯
=
X
Q
and
ϵ
̲
=
(
ϵ
1
,
ϵ
2
,
ϵ
3
,
ϵ
4
)
∈
F
Q
4
. We shall provide an approach to handle the bijectivity of
f
ϵ
̲
for any
k
≥
1
. Notably, we show that the problem of finding conditions for bijectivity of the quadrinomial
f
ϵ
̲
is closely related to the study of the famous equation
X
q
+
1
+
X
+
a
=
0
(*). We then reduce the initial problem into the problem of finding conditions for which an equation of the form (*) has a unique solution in
F
Q
for every
a
∈
F
Q
. In addition, as a crucial direct consequence our result, we prove the validity of the conjecture (Conjecture 19) proposed by Li et al. (Des Codes Cryptogr 89:737–761, 2021). We emphasize that our positive answer completely characterizes permutations with boomerang uniformity 4 from the butterfly structure, which leads to the view of the quadrinomial
f
ϵ
̲
as excellent candidates to design block ciphers in symmetric cryptography. Despite a lot of attention regarding the considered conjecture, it remains unsolved on its whole when the coefficients lie in
F
Q
. However, this article is the first which propose an approach that solves the enter conjecture by handling both sides of it involving equivalence simultaneously. We believe that our novel approach and its strength could benefit from proving the bijectivity of other families of polynomials over finite fields.
Abstract
This article introduces an effective flood control method in the downstream of a river through the optimal operation of a barrage that is connected with a sea. A new operating model for ...flood control of an estuary barrage that can comprehensively evaluate the intensive discharge through the floodgates at the estuary barrage during low tide and the flood propagation process in the downstream river system is proposed. The optimization method applied to the operating model of the barrage combines a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model to analyze the flood propagation process in river channels and a search algorithm based on an iterative method to organize the maximum discharge at the estuary barrage during the ebb tide periods. The proposed method was applied to the flood control of the Taedong River downstream in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and its effectiveness was shown and evaluated through modeling results. By imagining the downstream boundary of the river before and after the construction of the West Sea Barrage, the inundation simulation at the Taean gauging station in the downstream of the Taedong River for floods of different average recurrence interval (ARI) was achieved by employing the proposed method.
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