Complexities of Prostate Cancer Wasim, Sobia; Lee, Sang-Yoon; Kim, Jaehong
International journal of molecular sciences,
11/2022, Letnik:
23, Številka:
22
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Prostate cancer has a long disease history and a wide variety and uncertainty in individual patients' clinical progress. In recent years, we have seen a revolutionary advance in both prostate cancer ...patient care and in the research field. The power of deep sequencing has provided cistromic and transcriptomic knowledge of prostate cancer that has not discovered before. Our understanding of prostate cancer biology, from bedside and molecular imaging techniques, has also been greatly advanced. It is important that our current theragnostic schemes, including our diagnostic modalities, therapeutic responses, and the drugs available to target non-AR signaling should be improved. This review article discusses the current progress in the understanding of prostate cancer biology and the recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Nitrogen (N) is a key macronutrient essential for plant growth, and its availability has a strong influence on crop development. The application of synthetic N fertilizers on crops has increased ...substantially in recent decades; however, the applied N is not fully utilized due to the low N use efficiency of crops. To overcome this limitation, it is important to understand the genome-wide responses and functions of key genes and potential regulatory factors in N metabolism.
Here, we characterized changes in the rice (Oryza sativa) transcriptome, including genes, newly identified putative long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target mRNAs in response to N starvation using four different transcriptome approaches. Analysis of rice genes involved in N metabolism and/or transport using strand-specific RNA-Seq identified 2588 novel putative lncRNA encoding loci. Analysis of previously published RNA-Seq datasets revealed a group of N starvation-responsive lncRNAs showing differential expression under other abiotic stress conditions. Poly A-primed sequencing (2P-Seq) revealed alternatively polyadenylated isoforms of N starvation-responsive lncRNAs and provided precise 3' end information on the transcript models of these lncRNAs. Analysis of small RNA-Seq data identified N starvation-responsive miRNAs and down-regulation of miR169 family members, causing de-repression of NF-YA, as confirmed by strand-specific RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Moreover, we profiled the N starvation-responsive down-regulation of root-specific miRNA, osa-miR444a.4-3p, and Degradome sequencing confirmed MADS25 as a novel target gene.
In this study, we used a combination of multiple RNA-Seq analyses to extensively profile the expression of genes, newly identified lncRNAs, and microRNAs in N-starved rice roots and shoots. Data generated in this study provide an in-depth understanding of the regulatory pathways modulated by N starvation-responsive miRNAs. The results of comprehensive, large-scale data analysis provide valuable information on multiple aspects of the rice transcriptome, which may be useful in understanding the responses of rice plants to changes in the N supply status of soil.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
Hearing impairment affects social networks and mental health. Hearing aids (HA) can improve these deficits. However, their effects might be affected by various factors such as economic ...status (ES). This study aimed to identify how ES could moderate the effects of HA on social networks, depressive mood, and cognition.
Methods
A prospective cohort for new HA users was established and classified into two groups based on their ES: a low ES group (LES group) and a medium to high ES group (MHES group). Audiological examination, Lubben social network scale‐18 (LSNS‐18), Short form of Geriatric Depression Score, Mini‐Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the CERAD Assessment Packet, and surveys for satisfaction with HA were conducted before and at six months after wearing HA.
Results
Post‐HA application LSNS‐18 scores were not improved in the LES group whereas they revealed significant improvement in the MHES group (p = 0.003). The LES group showed lower LSNS‐18 score (p = 0.020) and its change (p = 0.042) than the MHES group. Additionally, patients with depressive moods in the MHES group showed better improvements than those in the LES group (p = 0.048). The effects of wearing HA on cognition and satisfaction with HA were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusions
HA did not improve social relationships and depressive moods in the LES group. Comprehensive and multidirectional support as well as hearing rehabilitation may be important for patients with LES.
Level of Evidence
3 (Nonrandomized controlled cohort/follow‐up study) Laryngoscope, 134:2387–2394, 2024
Hearing aids could improve social networks and reduce depressive symptoms in patients with hearing impairment. Since hearing aid did not improve social relationships and depressive mood in the low economics impaired patients with low economic status have difficulty in improving social relationships and depressive mood, it is important to provide comprehensive and multidirectional support for hearing rehabilitation for these patients.
Objectives
Renal impairment and some systemic diseases are associated with hearing loss (HL) in adults. However, studies of these relationship in adolescents are rare. The objective of this study was ...to determine the association between HL and renal or systemic disease in adolescents.
Methods
Subjects were extracted from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2012. We included adolescents aged 10–19 years old with normal tympanic membrane and those who underwent a physical and laboratory examination and pure tone audiometry. HL, high‐frequency hearing loss (HFHL), albuminuria, impaired glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were evaluated based on the data.
Results
Individuals with microalbuminruia (MIA) exhibited higher prevalence of HL (p = 0.003) and HFHL (p = 0.012) than those without MIA. The prevalence of HL and HFHL appeared to increase according to the severity of albuminuria. Additionally, individuals with HL or HFHL showed lower transferrin saturation (TSAT) than individuals without HL (p = 0.002) or HFHL (p = 0.001). And, HFHL was associated with lower ferritin levels (p = 0.017). HL and HFHL were related to MIA (p = 0.004 and p = 0.022, respectively) and TSAT (p = 0.005 and p = 0.011, respectively) after controlling other factors.
Conclusion
MIA and TSAT level were independently associated with the HL and HFHL. Since MIA can be easily detected by dipstick test and urine analysis, hearing evaluations for individuals with MIA might be helpful to identify hearing impairments earlier in adolescents.
Level of Evidence
3 (individual cross‐sectional study) Laryngoscope, 134:3329–3334, 2024
Microalbuminuria and functional iron deficiency were independently associated with the hearing loss. Since microalbuminuria can be easily detected by dipstick test and urine analysis, hearing evaluations for individuals with microalbuminuria might be helpful to identify hearing impairments earlier in adolescents.
Objectives
Recently, the endoscope has been increasingly introduced for middle‐ear surgery. To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of endoscopic ear surgery (EES) in pediatric patients, we did a ...qualitative analysis with a systematic review and quantitative analysis with meta‐analysis of available literature.
Methods
Studies reporting the comparative surgical outcomes of EES in pediatric patients were systematically reviewed by searching the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases from database inception through 2017. The selected articles included clinical studies conducted with at least 30 subjects and at least one postoperative parameter, including residual or recurrent cholesteatoma and graft success in tympanoplasty. Two investigators independently reviewed all studies and extracted the data using a standardized form. A meta‐analysis was performed using a random‐effects model and qualitative review was performed on the smaller studies.
Results
Ten studies were identified as appropriate for quantitative meta‐analysis and 19 studies for qualitative analysis. In the meta‐analysis, residual or recurrence rate of cholesteatoma was significantly lower in the EES group than in the microscopic ear surgery (MES) group (odds ratio OR: 0.56, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.38‐0.84, P = .005). The graft success rate of tympanoplasty was not statistically different between EES and MES groups (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.41‐1.26, P = .249). In the qualitative analysis, most of the studies reported similar audiological outcomes after tympanoplasty and success rate of cholesteatoma removal between the two groups.
Conclusions
It appears that EES reduces the risk of residual cholesteatoma in children and that the success of perforation closure is equivalent to MES.
Laryngoscope, 129:1444–1452, 2019
In the Northwestern Pacific, the meridionally propagating Rossby waves, known as the Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern, is the dominant teleconnection pattern and is considered as a source of heatwaves in ...East Asia. In this study, the circulation and thermodynamic characteristics of these patterns were investigated based on daily timescale to evaluate their relationship with the likelihood of heatwaves in Korea and Japan. The investigations reveal that stations in Korea and Japan record approximately 90% increase in extremely hot days (Tmax > 35°C) during the positive PJ pattern events. According to thermodynamic budget, horizontal heat advection is a key factor for the observed near‐surface warming during the positive PJ. The circulation pattern during the positive PJ largely explains the enhanced warm advection and physical heating due to the increased insolation and adiabatic heating are secondary factors for near‐surface warming. This phenomenon is robustly observed regardless of the definition.
Plain Language Summary
In this study, the circulation and thermodynamic characteristics of these patterns were investigated based on daily timescale to evaluate their relationship with occurrence likelihood of heatwaves in Korea and Japan. The investigations reveal that stations in Korea and Japan record approximately 90% increase in extreme hot days during the positive PJ pattern events. According to thermodynamic budget calculations, horizontal heat advection is a key factor for the observed near‐surface warming.
Key Points
Summer temperatures and the likelihood of heatwaves increase significantly over Korea and Japan in the positive Pacific‐Japan (PJ) pattern
Horizontal heat advection from the subtropical ocean is a key factor for the observed near‐surface warming observed in Korea and Japan
PJ‐related near‐surface circulation explains the intense warm advection
Background:
No clinical comparative study has addressed isolated subscapularis tears after arthroscopic repair with either single-row or double-row suture-bridge technique.
Purpose/Hypothesis:
The ...purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes and structural integrity after arthroscopic repair of an isolated subscapularis full-thickness tear with either the single-row technique or the double-row suture-bridge technique. The authors hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in clinical outcomes and structural integrity between approaches.
Study Design:
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods:
This study included 56 patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of an isolated subscapularis full-thickness tear with grade II or less fatty infiltration in the subscapularis muscle with either a single-row technique (n = 31) or a double-row suture-bridge technique (n = 25). Functional outcomes were assessed with the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, and active range of motion. Magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) or computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) was performed 6 months after surgery to assess the structural integrity of the repaired tendon.
Results:
At the 2-year follow-up, all scoring parameters applied (VAS, SSV, ASES, and UCLA), subscapularis strength, and active range of motion improved significantly in both groups as compared with preoperative values (P < .001). However, there were no significant differences between groups in any of these clinical outcome measurements (VAS, 1.2 vs 1.1; SSV, 91.3 vs 91.8; ASES, 91.0 vs 91.4; UCLA, 31.9 vs 32.1). On follow-up MRA or CTA, the overall retear rate did not differ significantly between the single-row group (13%, 4 of 31) and the double-row group (12%, 3 of 25).
Conclusion:
Arthroscopic single-row repair and double-row suture-bridge repair of isolated full-thickness subscapularis tears both yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes and structural integrity with no significant differences among patients with good muscle quality.
Monocyte infiltration into the subintimal space and its intracellular lipid accumulation are the most prominent features of atherosclerosis. To understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic ...disease, we need to understand the characteristics of lipid-laden foamy macrophages in the subintimal space during atherosclerosis.
We sought to examine the transcriptomic profiles of foamy and nonfoamy macrophages isolated from atherosclerotic intima.
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45
leukocytes from murine atherosclerotic aorta revealed that there are macrophage subpopulations with distinct differentially expressed genes involved in various functional pathways. To specifically characterize the intimal foamy macrophages of plaque, we developed a lipid staining-based flow cytometric method for analyzing the lipid-laden foam cells of atherosclerotic aortas. We used the fluorescent lipid probe BODIPY493/503 and assessed side-scattered light as an indication of cellular granularity. BODIPY
SSC
foamy macrophages were found residing in intima and expressing CD11c. Foamy macrophage accumulation determined by flow cytometry was positively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis showed that compared with nonfoamy macrophages, foamy macrophages expressed few inflammatory genes but many lipid-processing genes. Intimal nonfoamy macrophages formed the major population expressing IL (interleukin)-1β and many other inflammatory transcripts in atherosclerotic aorta.
RNA sequencing analysis of intimal macrophages from atherosclerotic aorta revealed that lipid-loaded plaque macrophages are not likely the plaque macrophages that drive lesional inflammation.
Abstract
Background
Successful chemoprevention or chemotherapy is achieved through targeted delivery of prophylactic agents during initial phases of carcinogenesis or therapeutic agents to malignant ...tumors. Bacteria can be used as anticancer agents, but efforts to utilize attenuated pathogenic bacteria suffer from the risk of toxicity or infection. Lactic acid bacteria are safe to eat and often confer health benefits, making them ideal candidates for live vehicles engineered to deliver anticancer drugs.
Results
In this study, we developed an effective bacterial drug delivery system for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy using the lactic acid bacterium
Pediococcus pentosaceus
. It is equipped with dual gene cassettes driven by a strong inducible promoter that encode the therapeutic protein P8 fused to a secretion signal peptide and a complementation system. In an inducible CRC cell-derived xenograft mouse model, our synthetic probiotic significantly reduced tumor volume and inhibited tumor growth relative to the control. Mice with colitis-associated CRC induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate exhibited polyp regression and recovered taxonomic diversity when the engineered bacterium was orally administered. Further, the synthetic probiotic modulated gut microbiota and alleviated the chemically induced dysbiosis. Correlation analysis demonstrated that specific bacterial taxa potentially associated with eubiosis or dysbiosis, such as
Akkermansia
or
Turicibacter
, have positive or negative relationships with other microbial members.
Conclusions
Taken together, our work illustrates that an effective and stable synthetic probiotic composed of
P. pentosaceus
and the P8 therapeutic protein can reduce CRC and contribute to rebiosis, and the validity and feasibility of cell-based designer biopharmaceuticals for both treating CRC and ameliorating impaired microbiota.
The survival of patients with ovarian cancer has improved because of surgery and chemotherapy. This study aimed to estimate the changes in survival rates among Korean women with ovarian cancer prior ...to the introduction of targeted therapy for ovarian cancer.
Data were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry regarding patients who were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer between 1995 and 2014. The relative survival rates were calculated for 5-year periods using the Ederer II method. Cox proportional hazard models were created to assess the associations of demographic and clinicopathological factors with ovarian cancer survival.
During the study period, 22,880 women were diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. The 5-year relative survival rate improved from 57.2% during 1995-1999 to 63.8% during 2010-2014 (P < 0.001). Survival outcomes improved between 1995 and 1999 and 2010-2014 for the serous and endometrioid carcinoma subtypes (P < 0.001). However, no improvements were observed for the mucinous and clear cell carcinoma subtypes (P = 0.189 and P = 0.293, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age, early stage, recent diagnosis, primary surgical treatment, and non-serous histological subtype were favorable prognostic factors.
Survival outcomes have improved for serous and endometrioid epithelial ovarian cancer in the last 20 years. However, no improvement was observed for patients with mucinous and clear cell carcinoma subtypes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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