Dualities and 5-brane webs for 5d rank 2 SCFTs Hayashi, Hirotaka; Kim, Sung-Soo; Lee, Kimyeong ...
The journal of high energy physics,
12/2018, Letnik:
2018, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We consider Type IIB 5-brane configurations for 5d rank 2 superconformal theories which are classified recently by geometry in
1
. We propose all the 5-brane web diagrams for these rank 2 ...theories and show dualities between some of different gauge theories with explicit duality map of mass parameters and Coulomb branch moduli. In particular, we explicitly construct 5-brane configurations for
G
2
gauge theory with six flavors and its dual Sp(2) and SU(3) gauge theories. We also present 5-brane webs for SU(3) theories of Chern-Simons level greater than 5.
Summary
Real‐world outcomes of daratumumab monotherapy (DM) for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) have remained unclear. We conducted a multicentre retrospective study of 107 patients ...receiving DM for RRMM. The cohort included 64 trial‐unfit patients whose characteristics could not meet inclusion criteria in two previous clinical trials (GEN501 and SIRIUS). The overall response rate (ORR), and median first and second progression‐free survival (PFS1 and PFS2) and overall survival were 42·1%, and 3·6, 8·1 and 11·9 months, respectively. Refractoriness to carfilzomib and/or lenalidomide, and neutropenia (<1.0 × 109/l) resulted in poorer ORRs. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of ≥3, neutropenia (<1.0 × 109/l), thrombocytopenia (<75 × 109/l), and renal failure (glomerular filtration rate of <20 ml/min/1·73 m2) were associated with poor PFS1 and PFS2 in respective univariate analysis. The modified trial‐unfit group, based on the above factors, showed significantly negative impacts on PFS1 and PFS2 (hazard ratio 2·823 and 3·677, all P < 0·001) in multivariate analysis despite having a 34% ORR. Fatal infections occurred more often in the modified trial‐unfit group than in the others (16·1% vs. 4·3%; P = 0·099). Despite failure of DM, subsequent therapy with pomalidomide‐based therapy or carfilzomib‐dexamethasone provided a 66·6% ORR. Real‐world DM showed favourable efficacies for RRMM and, potentially, additional benefits with subsequent therapies. However, characteristics corresponding with trial‐unfitness might offset the efficacy of DM.
6d SCFTs, 5d dualities and Tao web diagrams Hayashi, Hirotaka; Kim, Sung-Soo; Lee, Kimyeong ...
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2019, Letnik:
2019, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We propose 5d descriptions of 6d
N
=
1
,
0
superconformal field theories arising from Type IIA brane configurations with an O8
−
-plane. We T-dualize the brane diagram along a ...compactification circle and obtain a 5-brane web diagram with two O7
−
- planes. The gauge theory description of the resulting 5d theory for a given 6d superconformal field theory is not unique, and we argue that the non-uniqueness leads to various dual 5d gauge theories. There are three sources which lead to the 5d dualities. One type comes from either resolving both or one of the two O7
−
-planes. The two situations give us two different ways to read off a 5d gauge theory from essentially the same web diagram. The second type originates from different distributions of D5 or D7-branes, shifting the gauge group ranks of the 5d quiver theory. The last one comes from the 90 or 45 degree rotations of the 5-brane web diagram, which is a part of the SL(2, ℤ) duality of Type IIB string theory, leading to completely different group structure. These lead to a very rich class of dualities between 5d gauge theories whose UV completion is the same 6d superconformal field theory. We also explore Higgsing of the 6d theories and their 5d counterparts. Decoupling the same flavors from the dual 5d theories gives rise to another dual 5d theories whose UV completion is the same 5d superconformal field theory. Finally we propose the 6d description of 5d theories which is obtained by a generalization of 5d
T
N
theories with additional flavors, which turns out not to be in the class of Type IIA brane construction generically.
Rank-3 antisymmetric matter on 5-brane webs Hayashi, Hirotaka; Kim, Sung-Soo; Lee, Kimyeong ...
The journal of high energy physics,
05/2019, Letnik:
2019, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We discuss Type IIB 5-brane configurations for 5d
N
=
1
gauge theories with hypermultiplets in the rank-3 antisymmetric representation and with various other hypermultiplets, which flow ...from a UV fixed point at the infinite coupling. We propose 5-brane web diagrams for the theories of SU(6) and Sp(3) gauge groups with rank-3 antisymmetric matter and check our proposed 5-brane webs against several consistency conditions implied from the one-loop corrected prepotential. Using the obtained 5-brane webs for rank-3 antisymmetric matter, we apply the topological vertex method to compute the partition function for one of these SU(6) gauge theories.
Even though plastic improved the human standard of living, handling the plastic waste represents an enormous challenge. It takes more than 100 years to decompose discarded or buried waste plastics. ...Microplastics are one of the causes of significantly pervasive environmental pollutants. The incineration of plastic waste generates toxic gases, underscoring the need for new approaches, in contrast to conventional strategies that are required for recycling plastic waste. Therefore, several studies have attempted to upcycle plastic waste into high value‐added products. Converting plastic waste into carbonaceous materials is an excellent upcycling technique due to their diverse practical applications. This review summarizes various studies dealing with the upcycling of plastic waste into carbonaceous products. Further, this review discusses the applications of carbonaceous products synthesized from plastic waste including carbon fibers, absorbents for water purification, and electrodes for energy storage. Based on the findings, future directions for effective upcycling of plastic waste into carbonaceous materials are suggested.
Converting plastic waste into carbonaceous materials is one of excellent upcycling techniques. This review discusses carbonaceous products derived from plastic waste and their preparation processes. In addition, the author introduces some representative application fields of the plastic‐waste‐derived carbonaceous materials. Finally, future directions for the effective upcycling of plastic waste into carbonaceous materials are discussed.
5d/6d Wilson loops from blowups Kim, Hee-Cheol; Kim, Minsung; Kim, Sung-Soo
The journal of high energy physics,
08/2021, Letnik:
2021, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We generalize Nakajima-Yoshioka’s blowup formula to calculate the partition functions counting the spectrum of bound states to half-BPS Wilson loop operators in 5d (and 6d) supersymmetric ...field theories. The partition function in the presence of a Wilson loop operator on the Ω-background is factorized when put on the blowup
ℂ
̂
2
into two Wilson loop partition functions under the localization. This structure provides a set of blowup equations for Wilson loop operators. We explain how to formulate the blowup equations and solve them to compute the partition functions of Wilson loop operators. We test this idea by explicitly calculating the Wilson loop partition functions in various 5d/6d field theories and comparing them against known results and expected dualities.
A
bstract
We propose a systematic approach to computing the BPS spectrum of any 5d/6d supersymmetric quantum field theory in Coulomb phases, which admits either gauge theory descriptions or geometric ...descriptions, based on the Nakajima-Yoshioka’s blowup equations. We provide a significant generalization of the blowup equation approach in terms of both properly quantized magnetic fluxes on the blowup
ℂ
̂
2
and the effective prepotential for 5d/6d field theories on the Omega background which is uniquely determined by the Chern-Simons couplings on their Coulomb branches. We employ our method to compute BPS spectra of all rank-1 and rank-2 5d Kaluza-Klein (KK) theories descending from 6d
N
= (1
,
0) superconformal field theories (SCFTs) compactified on a circle with/without twist. We also discuss various 5d SCFTs and KK theories of higher ranks, which include a few exotic cases such as new rank-1 and rank-2 5d SCFTs engineered with frozen singularity as well as the 5d SU(3)8 gauge theory currently having neither a brane web nor a smooth shrinkable geometric description. The results serve as non-trivial checks for a large class of non-trivial dualities among 5d theories and also as independent evidences for the existence of certain exotic theories.
Instantons from blow-up Kim, Joonho; Kim, Sung-Soo; Lee, Ki-Hong ...
The journal of high energy physics,
11/2019, Letnik:
2019, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We generalize Nakajima-Yoshioka blowup equations to arbitrary gauge group with hypermultiplets in arbitrary representations. Using our blowup equations, we compute the instanton partition ...functions for 4d
N
= 2 and 5d
N
= 1 gauge theories for arbitrary gauge theory with a large class of matter representations, without knowing explicit construction of the instanton moduli space. Our examples include exceptional gauge theories with fundamentals, SO(
N
) gauge theories with spinors, and SU(6) gauge theories with rank-3 antisymmetric hypers. Remarkably, the instanton partition function is completely determined by the perturbative part.
Structural inhomogeneity of stabilized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers was systematically investigated. When the temperature was not high enough (below 200 °C in an air atmosphere) to initiate either ...cyclization or oxidation, absorbed oxygen related functional groups on the surface of PAN fibers were observed. However, when the temperature was above 200 °C, oxygen started to penetrate into PAN fibers through the skin, resulting in an increase in the oxygen content and significant relaxation of molecular structure. As expected, oxygen was diffused from the skin to the core with increasing temperature. At 240 °C, Raman spectroscopy confirmed that cyclization homogeneously occurred in the whole cross-section of fibers. However, higher temperature (≥260 °C) resulted in different ratios of D and G bands depending on both position and temperature, indicating that inhomogeneous structures were obtained due to temperature gradient by exothermic reactions. In addition, oxygen level in the core was much less than that on the surface. This provides evidence that there is a limit to equalize oxygen content across the fiber. Therefore, cyclization, dehydrogenation, and oxidation as critical reactions in the stabilization of PAN fibers started simultaneously. Above a certain temperature, in particular, increased activation energy due to oxidation at the surface can cause significant inhomogeneity of the resulting fibers.
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Wearable smart electronic devices based on wireless systems use batteries as a power source. However, recent miniaturization and various functions have increased energy consumption, resulting in ...problems such as reduction of use time and frequent charging. These factors hinder the development of wearable electronic devices. In order to solve this energy problem, research studies on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are conducted based on the coupling of contact‐electrification and electrostatic induction effects for harvesting the vast amounts of biomechanical energy generated from wearer movement. The development of TENGs that use a variety of structures and materials based on the textile platform is reviewed, including the basic components of fibers, yarns, and fabrics made using various weaving and knitting techniques. These textile‐based TENGs are lightweight, flexible, highly stretchable, and wearable, so that they can effectively harvest biomechanical energy without interference with human motion, and can be used as activity sensors to monitor human motion. Also, the main application of wearable self‐powered systems is demonstrated and the directions of future development of textile‐based TENG for harvesting biomechanical energy presented.
Harvesting biomechanical energy from human motions enables sustainable power generation, which is critical to the advancement of wearable smart electronic devices based on wireless systems. Herein, a variety of triboelectric nanogenerators based on textile platforms are optimized to harvest biomechanical energy. These nanogenerators are lightweight, flexible, and stretchable can be integrated into real clothing.
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