The recent COVID-19 pandemic has been disrupting the daily lives of people across the world, causing a major concern for psychological well-being in children. This study aimed to examine (1) how life ...satisfaction and its potential predictors have been affected by the pandemic among school-aged children in Korea, and (2) which factors would predict their life satisfaction during the pandemic. We surveyed 166 fourth-graders in the Seoul metropolitan area to assess their psychological well-being and potentially related variables during the pandemic. The data were compared with those available from two pre-COVID-19 surveys, the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (
= 1236) and the 2019 Korean Children and Youth Well-being Index Survey (
= 334). Higher levels of stress were observed in children during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the level of their life satisfaction remained unchanged when compared with data from the pre-COVID-19 surveys. The pandemic also affected peer relationship quality and susceptibility to smartphone addiction, but not perceived parenting style nor academic engagement. Interestingly, peer relationship quality no longer predicted life satisfaction during the pandemic; perceived parenting styles and parent-child conversation time predicted life satisfaction. The results suggest a central role of parent-child relationship in supporting the psychological well-being of school-aged children during the pandemic.
The financial crisis demonstrated a new quality of interconnected vulnerabilities across the globe. Yet, increased interdependence may lead to increased friction rather than common problem‐solving or ...a shared outlook. This article is concerned with the prospects for future reform of global economic governance, taking as a starting point the apparent shift from the G8 to the G20 as the focal forum for reform. We show that (1) the crisis both reflects and propels important geopolitical change and that (2) interpretations of the crisis differ widely, leading to diverging ideas of different actors about each other and about future reforms. We then consider some implications, notably with regard to the utility of summit‐level diplomacy and the transfer of responsibilities to controversial institutions, all within an environment marked by ongoing uncertainty.
23개 공생별의 분광학적 특성 김여정; 형식; KIM YEOJEONG ...
천문학논총,
2000, Letnik:
15, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Symbiotic stars are known as binary systems with both cool and hot components with enshrounding nebulous gas. The cool component, M-type giant, is presumably loosing its mass into a hot white or main ...sequence companion star through the inner Lagrangian point. The lines emit from the ionized nebulous region around the hot star while the mass loss or accretion activity is believed to be the main cause of sudden variation of the continuum and line fluxes. We selected 17 symbiotics for which the emission line fluxes were measured from the IUE SWP, LWR data, to find variability of spectrum. We also investigated the periodic variation of emissions or eclipsing effect from the IUE lines. All of our symbiotics show very high electron densities in the emission regions. For other optical symbiotics, the observations had been carried in 1999 with BOAO mid-resolution spectrometer. We classified symbiotics based on their outburst activities, or emission line characteristics, i.e., OVIλ6830.TheOVIλ6830 OVIλ6830.TheOVIλ6830 emission lines are also found in S-type symbiotics, which have been known as charateristics of D-types.
Standard clinical care in neonatal and pediatric intensive-care units (NICUs and PICUs, respectively) involves continuous monitoring of vital signs with hard-wired devices that adhere to the skin ...and, in certain instances, can involve catheter-based pressure sensors inserted into the arteries. These systems entail risks of causing iatrogenic skin injuries, complicating clinical care and impeding skin-to-skin contact between parent and child. Here we present a wireless, non-invasive technology that not only offers measurement equivalency to existing clinical standards for heart rate, respiration rate, temperature and blood oxygenation, but also provides a range of important additional features, as supported by data from pilot clinical studies in both the NICU and PICU. These new modalities include tracking movements and body orientation, quantifying the physiological benefits of skin-to-skin care, capturing acoustic signatures of cardiac activity, recording vocal biomarkers associated with tonality and temporal characteristics of crying and monitoring a reliable surrogate for systolic blood pressure. These platforms have the potential to substantially enhance the quality of neonatal and pediatric critical care.
Sweat excretion is a dynamic physiological process that varies with body position, activity level, environmental factors, and health status. Conventional means for measuring the properties of sweat ...yield accurate results but their requirements for sampling and analytics do not allow for use in the field. Emerging wearable devices offer significant advantages over existing approaches, but each has significant drawbacks associated with bulk and weight, inability to quantify volumetric sweat rate and loss, robustness, and/or inadequate accuracy in biochemical analysis. This paper presents a thin, miniaturized, skin‐interfaced microfluidic technology that includes a reusable, battery‐free electronics module for measuring sweat conductivity and rate in real‐time using wireless power from and data communication to electronic devices with capabilities in near field communications (NFC), including most smartphones. The platform exploits ultrathin electrodes integrated within a collection of microchannels as interfaces to circuits that leverage NFC protocols. The resulting capabilities are complementary to those of previously reported colorimetric strategies. Systematic studies of these combined microfluidic/electronic systems, accurate correlations of measurements performed with them to those of laboratory standard instrumentation, and field tests on human subjects exercising and at rest establish the key operational features and their utility in sweat analytics.
Skin‐interfaced soft microfluidic systems that incorporate battery‐free wireless electronic sensors allow for measurements of the loss of sweat and the concentration of electrolytes in the sweat, all in a continuous, in situ manner. Systematic studies of the operational aspects of the devices and demonstrations of their use in human field testing reveal the fundamental and practical aspects of this technology for applications ranging from sports and fitness to clinical health.
The fast-growing field of bioelectronic medicine aims to develop engineered systems that can relieve clinical conditions by stimulating the peripheral nervous system
. This type of technology relies ...largely on electrical stimulation to provide neuromodulation of organ function or pain. One example is sacral nerve stimulation to treat overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and interstitial cystitis (also known as bladder pain syndrome)
. Conventional, continuous stimulation protocols, however, can cause discomfort and pain, particularly when treating symptoms that can be intermittent (for example, sudden urinary urgency)
. Direct physical coupling of electrodes to the nerve can lead to injury and inflammation
. Furthermore, typical therapeutic stimulators target large nerve bundles that innervate multiple structures, resulting in a lack of organ specificity. Here we introduce a miniaturized bio-optoelectronic implant that avoids these limitations by using (1) an optical stimulation interface that exploits microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes to activate opsins; (2) a soft, high-precision biophysical sensor system that allows continuous measurements of organ function; and (3) a control module and data analytics approach that enables coordinated, closed-loop operation of the system to eliminate pathological behaviours as they occur in real-time. In the example reported here, a soft strain gauge yields real-time information on bladder function in a rat model. Data algorithms identify pathological behaviour, and automated, closed-loop optogenetic neuromodulation of bladder sensory afferents normalizes bladder function. This all-optical scheme for neuromodulation offers chronic stability and the potential to stimulate specific cell types.
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation can have a profound impact on human health. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes skin cancer. Blue light affects the body's circadian melatonin rhythm. ...At the same time, electromagnetic radiation in controlled quantities has beneficial use. UV light treats various inflammatory skin conditions, and blue light phototherapy is the standard of care for neonatal jaundice. Although quantitative measurements of exposure in these contexts are important, current systems have limited applicability outside of laboratories because of an unfavorable set of factors in bulk, weight, cost, and accuracy. We present optical metrology approaches, optoelectronic designs, and wireless modes of operation that serve as the basis for miniature, low-cost, and battery-free devices for precise dosimetry at multiple wavelengths. These platforms use a system on a chip with near-field communication functionality, a radio frequency antenna, photodiodes, supercapacitors, and a transistor to exploit a continuous accumulation mechanism for measurement. Experimental and computational studies of the individual components, the collective systems, and the performance parameters highlight the operating principles and design considerations. Evaluations on human participants monitored solar UV exposure during outdoor activities, captured instantaneous and cumulative exposure during blue light phototherapy in neonatal intensive care units, and tracked light illumination for seasonal affective disorder phototherapy. Versatile applications of this dosimetry platform provide means for consumers and medical providers to modulate light exposure across the electromagnetic spectrum in a way that can both reduce risks in the context of excessive exposure and optimize benefits in the context of phototherapy.
Mitochondria play important roles in diverse cellular processes such as energy production, cellular metabolism, and apoptosis to promote cell death. To investigate mitochondria-associated biological ...processes such as structure, dynamics, morphological change, metabolism, and mitophagy, there exists a continuous demand for visualizing and monitoring techniques elucidating mitochondrial biology and disease-relevancy. Due to the advantages of high sensitivity and practicality, fluorescence phenomena have been most widely used as scientific techniques for the visualization of biological phenomena and systems. In this review, we briefly overview the different types of fluorescent materials such as chemical probes, peptide- or protein-based probes, and nanomaterials for monitoring mitochondrial biology.
Existing deep interactive colorization models have focused on ways to utilize various types of interactions, such as point-wise color hints, scribbles, or natural-language texts, as methods to ...reflect a user's intent at runtime. However, another approach, which actively informs the user of the most effective regions to give hints for sketch image colorization, has been under-explored. This paper proposes a novel model-guided deep interactive colorization framework that reduces the required amount of user interactions, by prioritizing the regions in a colorization model. Our method, called GuidingPainter, prioritizes these regions where the model most needs a color hint, rather than just relying on the user's manual decision on where to give a color hint. In our extensive experiments, we show that our approach outperforms existing interactive colorization methods in terms of the conventional metrics, such as PSNR and FID, and reduces required amount of interactions.
PDF
