We evaluate the validity of the GEANT4 electromagnetic and hadronic physics models by comparing experimental data from beam tests of modules of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter with ...GEANT4-based simulations. Two physics lists (LHEP and QGSP) for the simulation of hadronic showers are evaluated. Calorimeter performance parameters like the energy resolution and shapes of showers are studied both for electrons and charged pions. Furthermore, throughout the paper we compare GEANT4 and the corresponding predictions of GEANT3 used with the G-CALOR code for hadronic shower development.
Background. The threshold pressure difference diaphragm sensors are widely applied in the engineering systems because of their reliability. To ensure necessary features such sensors have to possess: ...high tightness of welded joints of a design; glass-to-metal seals; presence of bellows made of both fast response and high conductivity materials. Materials and methods. To meet the above requirements the body parts of the threshold pressure sensors, which size variations cause shifting of diaphragms center, are expediently to be made of kovar 29NK-VI GOST 10994-74 guarantying high weldability and impermeability of soldered joints with glass S48-2 OST 11 027.010-75 due to consistency in linear thermal extension coefficient (LTEC). Diaphragms are made of cold-rolled beryllium bronze bands BrBNT 1-9, BrB2, GOST 1789-2013, providing fast response and good weldability with kovar-made body parts and also high conductivity because the electric circuit is designed passing through the diaphragms. Pins in the center of the diaphragms have also to be made of beryllium bronze. Identical materials for both diaphragms and pins guarantee contacts reliability for example by spot laser weld. Results and conclusions. Notable difference in the LTEC of kovar and beryllium bronze within specified temperature range entails design response for the threshold pressure sensors to compensate inevitable temperature error, especially in operation under wide thermal load of the environment. The temperature is the most significant of physical factors (vibration, linear acceleration) from the error standpoint.
The validation of GEANT4 physics models is done by comparing experimental data from beam tests of modules of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter with GEANT4 based simulations. Various physics ...lists for the simulation of hadronic showers are evaluated. We present results of studies of the calorimeter performance parameters (like energy resolution and shower shapes) as well as results of investigations of the influence of the Birks' law and of cuts on the time of development of hadronic showers.
The ATLAS detector has been designed for operation at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. ATLAS includes electromagnetic and hadronic liquid argon calorimeters, with almost 200,000 channels of data ...that must be sampled at the LHC bunch crossing frequency of 40 MHz. The calorimeter electronics calibration and readout are performed by custom electronics developed specifically for these purposes. This paper describes the system performance of the ATLAS liquid argon calibration and readout electronics, including noise, energy and time resolution, and long term stability, with data taken mainly from full-system calibration runs performed after installation of the system in the ATLAS detector hall at CERN.
Liquid argon calorimeter performance at high rates Glatte, A.; Kobel, M.; Mader, W.F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2012, Letnik:
669
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We project the performance of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters at the planned high luminosity LHC option HL-LHC by exposing small calorimeter modules of the electromagnetic, ...hadronic, and forward calorimeters to high intensity beams at IHEP/Protvino. The beam intensity extends well beyond the maximum expected for these calorimeters at HL-LHC. The signal reconstruction and calorimeter performance have been studied in full detail.
The local hadronic calibration scheme developed for the reconstruction and calibration of jets and missing transverse energy in ATLAS has been evaluated using data obtained during combined beam tests ...of modules of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters. These tests covered the pseudorapidity range of 2.5 < | ? | < 4.0 . The analysis has been performed using special sets of calibration weights and corrections obtained with the Geant4 simulation of a detailed beam-test setup. The evaluation itself has been performed through the careful study of specific calorimeter performance parameters such as e.g. energy response and resolution, shower shapes, as well as different physics lists of the Geant4 simulation.
The local hadronic calibration scheme developed for the reconstruction and calibration of jets and missing transverse energy in ATLAS has been evaluated using data obtained during combined beam tests ...of modules of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters. These tests covered the pseudorapidity range of 2.5<|η|<4.0. The analysis has been performed using special sets of calibration weights and corrections obtained with the Geant4 simulation of a detailed beam-test setup. The evaluation itself has been performed through the careful study of specific calorimeter performance parameters such as e.g. energy response and resolution, shower shapes, as well as different physics lists of the Geant4 simulation.
A full azimuthal
φ
-wedge of the ATLAS liquid argon end-cap calorimeter has been exposed to beams of electrons, muons and pions in the energy range
6
GeV
⩽
E
⩽
200
GeV
at the CERN SPS. The angular ...region studied corresponds to the ATLAS impact position around the pseudorapidity interval
1.6
<
|
η
|
<
1.8
. The beam test setup is described. A detailed study of the performance is given as well as the related intercalibration constants obtained. Following the ATLAS hadronic calibration proposal, a first study of the hadron calibration using a weighting ansatz is presented. The results are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo simulations, based on GEANT 3 and GEANT 4 models.
The pseudorapidity region
2.5
<
|
η
|
<
4.0
in ATLAS is a particularly complex transition zone between the endcap and forward calorimeters. A set-up consisting of
1
4
resp.
1
8
of the full azimuthal ...acceptance of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters has been exposed to beams of electrons, pions and muons in the energy range
E
⩽
200
GeV
at the CERN SPS. Data have been taken in the endcap and forward calorimeter regions as well as in the transition region. This beam test set-up corresponds very closely to the geometry and support structures in ATLAS. A detailed study of the performance in the endcap and forward calorimeter regions is described. The data are compared with MC simulations based on GEANT 4 models.