The aim of this study was to determine the normal hematological and biochemical parameters of the Thoroughbred Appaloosa horse breeds which reared in Tong and Issık-Kul regions of Kyrgyzstan. ...Fifty-six (
n
= 56) healthy horse breeds in different ages (0–12 months and 1–5 years) and gender (
n
= 29 male and
n
= 27 female) were clinically examined and blood samples were taken. Red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count, the count (#); the percentage (%) of the lymphocytes (lymph), monocytes (mid), granulocytes (gran); and the values of hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), blood clot cell count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), procalcitonin (PCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW-CV), and red cell distribution standard deviation (RDW-SD) were measured in the blood plasma samples. In addition, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), triglycerides (TG), total serum protein (TP), albumin (Alb), creatinine (Creat), urea (Urea), amylase (Amy), lipase (Lip), cholesterol (Chol), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose (GLU), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) values were also analyzed in the blood serum samples. Although PLT, MPV, PDW, and PCT values significantly changed between the age groups (
P
< 0.05), it was not found to be statistically different between the sex groups in terms of PLT, MPV, PDW, and PCT values (
P
> 0.05). However, Creat, DBil, and TBil values were detected significantly (
P
< 0.05) different between the sex groups; no determined statistical changes according to CPK, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, TG, TP, Alb, Urea, Amy, Lip, Chol, LDH, GLU, VLDL, LDL, and HDL values (
P
> 0.05) were found. It was the first report for foals and 1–5 aged (adult) horses according to serum LDL, VLDL, and Lip values. Consequently, some hematological and biochemical values were determined and advised as reference values of the Appaloosa foals (0–12 months aged) and adult (1–5 aged) horse breeds in Tong and Issık-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan.
Nosemosis is an intracellular fungus that seriously affects honeybees" health globally. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of thyme, peppermint, eucalyptus essential oils, and ...nanoparticle ozone applied by spray on the frames against Nosemosis in adult honey bees under field conditions. Five treatment groups and two (negative and positive) control groups were assigned for this study. In treatment groups; the 3% solutions of thyme, peppermint, and eucalyptus, and the 1.000 and 2.000 ppm solutions of nanoparticle ozone, were applied four times each week, 125 mL per hive (500 mL solution in total). Average Nosema spore counts before and after the treatment were calculated on a Neubauer hemocytometer slide by the digestion method, and the percent reduction test determined the efficacy of the combinations. According to the results, the highest reduction in the number of Nosema spores was observed in the thyme essential oil group at 84%. Peppermint essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, and 1.000 and 2.000 ppm nanoparticle ozone efficacies were found at 77.45%, 76.10%, 72.41%, and 71.21%, respectively. Findings from this study revealed that essential oils and nanoparticle ozone can reduce the Nosema spore load to a point under field conditions. Plant extracts would offer a non-antibiotic alternative for Nosema control and further studies of herbal extracts are required as potential Nosema control agents in honey bees.
The aim of this study was to determine the supplementation of 1% tartaric, malic, ascorbic, fumaric, lactic, acetic and succinic acids in brine on the pH, physical and sensory properties of cheese ...during storage. In addition, the effect of these organic acids on growth of lactic acid bacteria, yeast/mold and possible inhibitive effect on Listeria monocytogenes in brine were investigated. For this purpose, these organic acids were added to 12% brine and stored at +4°C. Physical and sensory properties of cheese were defined and scored by panelists during 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42th days. Cheeses ripened in tartaric, malic, fumaric, and lactic acid supplemented brine were scored as the highest points by panelists. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus counts significantly decreased in brine samples added with fumaric, lactic and malic acid during cheese ripening process. The highest antimicrobial activity of the organic acids was found against L. monocytogenes. It was also found that there was a significant decrease in L. monocytogenes counts in malic acid and tartaric acid groups as 2.91 log10 CFU/g and 2.95 log10 CFU/g, respectively. As a result; the supplementation of 1% tartaric acid and malic acid to the classically produced cheese brine were found effective on controlling L. monocytogenes which is a significant threat for public health. In addition, it was concluded that tartaric acid can be used commercially in the production of cheese due to its low inhibition effect on lactic acid bacteria, and non-destructive effect on the physical structure of the cheese.
An intravaginal sponge impregnated with progesterone is commonly used for estrus induction and synchronization in ewes. Although using an intravaginal sponge containing progesterone positively ...affects the synchronization rate, varying degrees of vaginitis occur during its application. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of various intravaginal treatment options on the vaginitis severity and pregnancy rate in Merino ewes synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with progesterone. During the breeding period, 589 ewes, aged 2–6, received intravaginal sponges for 14 days. The control group (CON) received no treatment, whereas vaginal sponges absorbed with enrofloxacin (ENR), Lactobacillus plantarum (LAC), or Lactobacillus plantarum supernatant (CFS) were applied in the treatment groups. All groups received 500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin intramuscularly. The ENR group showed lower scores in vaginal discharge and sponge odor compared with the CON, LAC, and CFS groups. Although estrus responses did not differ between groups, the pregnancy rate tended to be higher in the ENR group. In conclusion, intravaginal ENR application, but not LAC or CFS, reduced vaginitis severity and tended to increase pregnancy rates in ewes synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with progesterone.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ground or steam-flaked corn and zinc-enriched yeast addition to grower pellet feed on fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some ...blood parameters in lambs. For this purpose, thirty-six Kivircik male lambs were selected and divided equally into six groups: basal diet containing pellet feed without different corn form and yeast (control), basal diet 80% + ground corn 20% (PGC), basal diet 80% + steam-flaked corn 20% (PFC), PGC + Zn-enriched yeast (PGCZnY), PFC + Zn-enriched yeast (PFCZnY), and control + Zn-enriched yeast (PZnY). They were fed for 56 days according to the diets mentioned above. At the conclusion of the evaluations in fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some blood parameters, there were no significant differences in body weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency among the experimental groups. In the PGCZnY group, rumen papillae length was found to be higher than the other experimental groups. At the end of the trial (day 0), leukocyte and lymphocyte counts decreased significantly only in the control group compared with the other groups in the present study. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values, analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the trial, increased significantly in all groups except in the PGCZnY group. Supplementation of Zinc-enriched yeast to ground corn can be used for increasing ruminal papilla length, however decreasing the serum BUN levels in lambs during the fattening period.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the some hematological values and ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratio of Jaydara sheep in Kyrgyzstan. The availability of information on hematological and ...biochemical parameters is essential to research conducted with an aim to increase yields in animal production. The investigation was carried out on 60 healthy sheep aged between 2-3 years old. Leucocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential leucocyte ratios and ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratios were investigated in blood samples using an automated cell counter machine. The leucocyte count in Jaydara sheep was found to 4.92±0.59 x 103/mm3. Similarly, erythrocyte count was 11.73±0.65 x 103/mm3. On the other hand, hemoglobin content in blood was 11.70±0.51 gm/dL. The hematocrit, MCV, MCH, and MCHC values were 30.02±1.70 %, 25.64±1.28 ц3, 10.68±0.59 pg and 41.76±2.31% respectively. The differential leucocyte counts in Jaydara sheep were 42.53+1.13 (Neutrophil), 52.61 + 1.08 (Lymphocyte), 2.75+0.55 (Monocyte), 1.58+0.17 (Eosinophil), and 0.52+0.52 (Basophil). The ANAE-positive lymphocyte ratios in Jaydara sheep was found to be 65.00+2.55. The hematological parameters in healthy Jaydara sheep can be used as reference values for this particular sheep breed in future.
Received in December 2020; Similarity Check in December 2020; Accepted in June 2021 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oral melatonin on oxidative/antioxidative parameters and ...histopathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Cd-exposed Wistar rats, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin (IL-6 and IL-10), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: acetilkolinesteraza; antioksidansi; CAT; Cd; citokini; GABA; GSH; hipokampus; IL-6; The main sources of occupational exposure to cadmium (Cd) are metal industries (mining, smelting, processing, product formulations, and battery manufacturing), while the sources of non-occupational exposure include contaminated air (smoking included), water, soil, plants, and food. To that effect the aim of our study was to compare common oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxicity parameters malondialdehyde (MDA) (25), interleukins 6 and 10 (IL-6, IL-10), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) (9, 26-28), GABA (29-36), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (17, 37, 38) and antioxidant defence parameters glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) (39) in the hippocampal tissue of control, Cd-, and melatonintreated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and experimental design Three weeks old male albino Wistar rats weighing ~200±30 g (n=32), purchased from Balıkesir University Experimental Medicine Research and Application Center (BUEMRAC), were first acclimatised to laboratory conditions for two weeks and then divided randomly into four groups: untreated control, cadmium (Cd), melatonin (Mlt), and Cd+Mlt (CdMlt), each consisting of eight animals.
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