Life expectancy is gradually increasing due to continuously improving medical and nonmedical interventions. The increasing life expectancy is desirable but brings in issues such as impairment of ...quality of life, disease perception, cognitive health, and mental health. Thus, questionnaire building and data collection through the questionnaires have become an active area of research. However, questionnaire development can be challenging and suboptimal in the absence of careful planning and user-friendly literature guide. Keeping in mind the intricacies of constructing a questionnaire, researchers need to carefully plan, document, and follow systematic steps to build a reliable and valid questionnaire. Additionally, questionnaire development is technical, jargon-filled, and is not a part of most of the graduate and postgraduate training. Therefore, this article is an attempt to initiate an understanding of the complexities of the questionnaire fundamentals, technical challenges, and sequential flow of steps to build a reliable and valid questionnaire.
Understanding the dynamics of endogenous protein-protein interactions in complex networks is pivotal in deciphering disease mechanisms. To enable the in-depth analysis of protein interactions in ...chromatin-associated protein complexes, we have previously developed a method termed RIME (Rapid Immunoprecipitation Mass spectrometry of Endogenous proteins). Here, we present a quantitative multiplexed method (qPLEX-RIME), which integrates RIME with isobaric labelling and tribrid mass spectrometry for the study of protein interactome dynamics in a quantitative fashion with increased sensitivity. Using the qPLEX-RIME method, we delineate the temporal changes of the Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) interactome in breast cancer cells treated with 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Furthermore, we identify endogenous ERα-associated proteins in human Patient-Derived Xenograft tumours and in primary human breast cancer clinical tissue. Our results demonstrate that the combination of RIME with isobaric labelling offers a powerful tool for the in-depth and quantitative characterisation of protein interactome dynamics, which is applicable to clinical samples.
Industrially, petroleum naphtha reforming and steam cracking are two major multistep and energy-intensive sources for p-xylene production. Additionally, p-xylene is also produced by selective toluene ...disproportionation, heavy (C
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) aromatics trans-alkylation and isomerization of xylenes. Rapidly changing market dynamics from fuels to petrochemicals coupled with growing petrochemicals demand has led to the further exploration of economical and highly p-xylene selective processes by using surplus low-value aromatics. Methylation of toluene with methanol has been envisaged as one such potential opportunity to produce p-xylene. For the purpose, significant efforts have been made in the past forty years to develop suitable shape selective zeolite catalysts and technologies to make toluene methylation a highly p-xylene selective process. Current paper briefly highlights various advancements in the toluene methylation process development and aims to provide an extensive review of several works put up in the past to design suitable catalysts, catalyst's limitations and developmental challenges for toluene methylation. Further, this paper provides an useful insight for two competing chemistries of toluene alkylation and side-by-side methanol reactions. Finally, motivated by competitive chemistry of methanol conversion reactions, existing catalytic limitations and novel synthesis opportunities in engineering shape selective zeolite catalysis, a way forward is proposed to arrive at a logical and futuristic catalyst design strategy for p-xylene production via toluene methylation. The proposed strategy is envisaged to offer low-to-moderate catalyst acidity, improved toluene methylation activity, high p-xylene selectivity and improved catalyst life which, otherwise, up till now have been the bottlenecks to develop distinctly economical toluene alkylation to p-xylene process.
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•Xylitol production from non-detoxified agro-industrial residues using P. fermentans.•Optimum glucose to xylose ratio and feed composition improved Xylitol accumulation.•Xylitol titer ...of 86.6 g/L with yield of 0.75 g/g was achieved from SCB hydrolysate.•OP hydrolysate resulted in xylitol titers of 71.9 g/L with a yield of 0.74 g/g.
Hemicellulosic sugars, the overlooked fraction of lignocellulosic residues can serve as potential and cost-effective raw material that can be exploited for xylitol production. Xylitol is a top platform chemical with applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and olive pits (OP) are the major waste streams from sugar and olive oil industries, respectively. The current study evaluated the potential of Pichia fermentans for manufacturing of xylitol from SCB and OP hydrolysates through co-fermentation strategy. The highest xylitol accumulation was noticed with a glucose and xylose ratio of 1:10 followed by feeding with xylose alone. The fed-batch cultivation using pure xylose, SCB, and OP hydrolysates, resulted in xylitol accumulation of 102.5, 86.6 and 71.9 g/L with conversion yield of 0.78, 0.75 and 0.74 g/g, respectively. The non-pathogenic behaviour and ability to accumulate high xylitol levels from agro-industrial residues demonstrates the potential of P. fermentans as microbial cell factory.
Transcutaneous hitching sutures in paediatric minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a unique and rare technique. This technique has been used previously in adult patients undergoing gastric resections ...and laparoscopic cholecystectomy; however, its use in paediatric population has never been reported in the world literature. The primary objective of this study was to bring out the advantages and feasibility of this technique in minimally invasive gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, urological and thoracoscopic surgeries on paediatric patients.
This retrospective observational study was conducted on 167 paediatric patients who underwent MIS surgery for different indications between April 2016 and March 2020 at two paediatric surgery tertiary care centres.
A total of 167 patients, including 91 boys and 76 girl patients between the age group of new-born period to 12 years were operated. The mean hospital stay was 4 days. Five out of 167 cases (3%) had post-operative surgical emphysema, which resolved spontaneously. At 6-month follow-up, parental satisfaction was 100%, and in 99% of patients, scars were imperceptible.
This versatile technique is of exemplary utility, especially in paediatric patients where there is a paucity of working space at low intra-abdominal pressure, and eases the dissection even in narrow and closed spaces with a better functional and cosmetic outcome.
The use of geopolymer-based concrete has many advantages over conventional cement concrete. Geopolymer, which derives its basic ingredients from industrial waste, has considerable opportunity to dump ...the industrial waste and reduce the carbon dioxide emissions that could be emitted during cement manufacturing. Geopolymer concrete is potentially suitable for structural engineering applications; however, its unskilled manufacturing leads to several deficits such as cracking, weak mechanical characteristics, and reduced serviceability of the geopolymer structures. Nanomaterials are now being applied and developed in the realm of materials, where they have shown strong filling effects on composite materials that significantly enhance the integrity of composite materials. Research into how nanomaterials might enhance the performance of geopolymer concrete (GPC) in engineering applications is gaining a lot of attention. The past literature revealed that the GPC characteristics can be enhanced by adding nanoparticles; thereby increasing its engineering applications in practical usage. This study highlighted the primary technical issues of nanomaterial-or modified GPC during the last decade in light of widespread fascination with the subject and the need to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive study for future related research. This review study has covered the most up-to-date information and data on geopolymer concrete, including its methods of dispersion, characterization methodologies, interface mechanisms of nanoparticles, and mechanical characteristics. Concurrently, the limitations and major issues associated with using nanomaterials to modify GPC in practical applications are thoroughly examined. Finally, the future potential and difficulties of this area of study are highlighted.
The current study was aimed at using immobilized mercury bioaccumulating Bacillus cereus cells for the remediation of mercury from synthetic effluent. The remediation process was attempted under ...different experimental conditions. The different adsorption kinetics, equilibria, and thermodynamics were also investigated in an attempt to develop an effective and better biosorbent for mercury remediation. The maximum biosorption capacity of the immobilized cells was found to be 104.1 mg g−1. The mean free energy value, as evaluated using the Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) model, was 15.8 kJ mol−1. This indicates that the mercury remediation process under investigation was chemically more favorable than the physical adsorption process. The remediation process was seen to follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. The apparent free energy change showed that the biosorption process of mercury was thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous in nature. The feasibility of using immobilized cells in a continuous column for effective mercury remediation was also attempted. The breakthrough point was obtained after 11 h of continuous flow. Thus, according to the study, the alginate immobilized B. cereus cells constitute a prospective mercury remediation system, which can effectively be used in mercury contaminated aqueous environment.
► An efficient mercury remediation by alginate immobilized Bacillus sp. system. ► Mercury removal capacity of immobilized Bacillus sp. cells 104.1 mg g−1. ► Thermodynamically favorable and feasible remediation process.
Randomized control trialsare the gold standard for testing the efficacy of new interventions. Historically, superiority trials were methods of choice as reference (standard) interventions were not ...established for many disease conditions. However currently, reference interventions are available for most of adverse conditions. Despite this, many investigators are using superiority trials in comparison to more suitable noninferiority and equivalence trials. The application of noninferiority and equivalence trials is on the rise, but by and large, these trials are poorly understood, ill-conceived, inappropriately analyzed, and reported and misinterpreted.
Maxillary palatal defects due to tumor resection require immediate reconstruction to prevent morphological/functional disorders. Reconstruction options ranges from obturator placement to free flap. ...We adopted a surgical maxillary exposure using nasolabial groove incision in contrast to classical Weber Ferguson incision. This has the added advantage of simultaneous reconstruction of the resultant defect using nasolabial flap, with a good cosmetic and functional outcomes. We hereby present our experience in ten cases with palatal defects post maxillectomy for carcinoma of the upper gingivobuccal sulcus and upper alveolus reconstructed with this technique. This is a case series of ten patients (7 males and 3 females) who underwent partial maxillectomy using nasolabial groove incision with simultaneous reconstruction of palatal defect with nasolabial flap from January 2019 to June 2021 in our department. The primary disease was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in all ten patients with clinically N0 and M0. No necrosis, infection, or severe scar contracture in grafts was found in any patient. The wound stabilized, ingestion was started, and rehabilitation was performed with appropriate denture within 10 days after surgery in these patients. The postoperative oronasal communication (5×5 mm in size) in the posterior midline end was found in two cases, seen 1 month after surgery. All patients have good extra oral cosmetic outcomes. No radiation therapy was given in any case. This is a feasible surgical option utilizing nasolabial groove incision for partial maxillectomy along with simultaneous reconstruction of the resultant defect using nasolabial flap. It is a simple surgical procedure with reduced operative time with good cosmesis.
Fibromatosis is a rare locally aggressive benign tumour which arises from the musculoaponeurotic structures throughout the body. In the oral and maxillofacial region, It has been described under a ...variety of synonyms, including ‘extra articular desmoids’, ‘desmoids tumours’, ‘grade-1 fibrosarcomas’,‘non metastasizing fibrosarcoma’and ‘aggressive fibromatosis’. The pecularity of this entity in paranasal sinuses is that it is rare in this location and are locally aggressive with higher rates of recurrence in a relatively restricted area.The purpose of this study is to present a rare case report and reviewing the literature of this entity.
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