Abstract
Segmentation of MR brain image is quite useful in detection of tissues and further diagnosis. However, precise segmentation of tissues plays a significant role in diagnosing the patient more ...effectively. Previously, there are plenty of approaches was implemented and however they were failed to detect the exact tissue which led to the failure diagnosis. Therefore, an accurate detection of tissue is required for effective diagnosis. Here, this article presented an efficient segmentation of MR brain image tissues. Our approach includes a hybrid clustering mechanism with pre-processed by median filter. In addition, tissue area also estimated for better diagnosis of patient. In terms of computational complexity and segmentation accuracy the superiority of proposed hybrid approach over conventional segmentation algorithms of simulation results was disclosed.
We have recently cloned a novel splice variant of cyclin D2 termed as cycD2SV. CycD2SV overexpression in several immortalized cell lines led to formation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates ...accompanied by a significant decrease in cell proliferation. Based on immuno co-localization and ultrastructural analysis experiments, cycD2SV protein aggregates were frequently found in various subcellular compartments such as endosomes, autophagosomes, lysosomes and the microtubule organizing centre. Secondary structure analysis revealed that the amino terminal α-helix in cycD2SV is not tightly packed with the cyclin box suggesting a misfolded conformation compared to other cyclins. Deletion analysis suggests that 1-53 amino acid region of cycD2SV may be required for protein aggregation and 54-136 amino acid region may mediate cell cycle inhibition. Based on co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we have shown that cycD2SV binds to cycD2 as well as CDK4. In addition, gene expression analysis demonstrated an upregulation in GADD45α and dynamin 2 mRNA levels in cycD2SV overexpressing cells. These two proteins are known to play critical roles in the DNA damage response and apoptosis pathways. TUNEL experiments were negative for apoptosis, however, cycD2SV expressing cells were more sensitive to cell death induced by external stressors such as trypsinization. Collectively our results suggest that cycD2SV mediates cell cycle inhibition by sequestering endogenous cell cycle proteins, such as cycD2 and CDK4, and possibly targeting them for ubiquitin mediated protein degradation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Water treatment, product concentration, and resource recovery are few examples of the many areas where the economic promise of osmotic driven membrane separation remains unrealized. The most ...futuristic and sustainable, osmotic driven membrane separation process which works with-out any external hydraulic energy is forward osmosis (FO) process. This study comprises two parts first is of bibliometric analysis which helps to identify and analyze the current research trend in osmotic membrane filtration technique, and are represented along with nodal network visualization. Desalination and wastewater treatment seem to be the major application of FO technology followed by fertigation, algal dewatering, pharmaceutical and textile industries. The second part is the literature review on major applications of forward osmotic technique shortlisted from bibliometric analysis, which includes recent developments in FO research. An application based critical analysis on thin film nano composite membrane, draw solutes, nano particles for membrane modifications and hybrid FO units were performed. Analysing literatures from 2005 to 2022, this study pinpoints potential applications, future prospects and existing challenges in Forward Osmosis (FO), for the successful implementation of scale-up.
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•Current research trend on FO membrane filtration were done by bibliometric analysis.•FO is a key research focus in developed countries, evident in strong source, country and organization network.•Major applications of FO were shortlisted through keyword mapping were desalination, source recovery and fertigation.•Application wise critical review on developments in the field of FO were included.•Challenges and future outlook of FO were discussed.
Cell wall architecture of tension wood fibres represents a suitable biological system to study the mechanism of growth and maintenance of posture of trees growing under various physical and ...physiological growth constraints. In the present study, we investigated the spatial distributions of β-(1–4)-D-galactan, xyloglucan and xylans (both less and highly substituted) in the opposite and tension wood fibres of bent Leucaena leucocephala by immunolabelling with monoclonal antibodies LM5, CCRCM1, LM10 and LM11 specific to these carbohydrate epitopes. The presence of non-lignified, tertiary wall layer is the typical tension wood characteristic associated with the reaction xylem fibres in Leucaena. LM5 labelling of opposite fibres showed weak labelling in the cell walls indicating less concentration of β-(1–4)-D-galactans while tension wood showed strong labelling in the tertiary wall layer suggesting the gelatinous layer (G-layer) has a strong cross linking with β-(1–4)-D-galactans. Xyloglucan distribution was more in the compound middle lamellae and the primary wall-S1 layer boundary of tension wood fibres as compared to that of opposite wood. A weak labelling was also evident near the boundary between the G-layer and the secondary wall of tension wood fibres. The secondary wall of opposite and tension wood fibres showed a strong distribution of both ls ACG Xs (LM10) and hs ACG Xs (LM11) while a weak labelling was noticed in the compound middle lamella. Tension wood fibres also showed strong xylan labelling mainly confined to the lignified secondary walls while the G-layer showed weak xylan labelling. In conclusion, our results suggest that β-(1–4)-D-galactans and xyloglucans could be implicated in the tensile stress generation within the G-layer of tension wood fibres of Leucaena leucocephala.
•Immuno-localization of cell wall polymers.•Variation in cell wall topochemistry of tension wood and normal wood fibres in L. leucocephala.•Gelatinous layer showed distinct variation in distribution pattern of β-(1–4)-D-galactans and xylans.•Secondary wall lignification and xylan distribution may be related.•Probable role of β-(1–4)-D-galactans, xyloglucans and xylans in tensile stress generation.
The mammalian heart has a very limited regenerative capacity and, hence, heals by scar formation. Recent reports suggest that haematopoietic stem cells can transdifferentiate into unexpected ...phenotypes such as skeletal muscle, hepatocytes, epithelial cells, neurons, endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes, in response to tissue injury or placement in a new environment. Furthermore, transplanted human hearts contain myocytes derived from extra-cardiac progenitor cells, which may have originated from bone marrow. Although most studies suggest that transdifferentiation is extremely rare under physiological conditions, extensive regeneration of myocardial infarcts was reported recently after direct stem cell injection, prompting several clinical trials. Here, we used both cardiomyocyte-restricted and ubiquitously expressed reporter transgenes to track the fate of haematopoietic stem cells after 145 transplants into normal and injured adult mouse hearts. No transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes was detectable when using these genetic techniques to follow cell fate, and stem-cell-engrafted hearts showed no overt increase in cardiomyocytes compared to sham-engrafted hearts. These results indicate that haematopoietic stem cells do not readily acquire a cardiac phenotype, and raise a cautionary note for clinical studies of infarct repair.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Endoscopic ultrasound is seldom available at paediatric centres; therefore drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts in children has traditionally been achieved by surgery.
Objective
This study ...assessed the feasibility and safety of performing image-guided internal drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts with a flanged self-expanding covered nitinol pancreatic pseudocyst drainage stent.
Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective case note review of children undergoing image-guided cystogastrostomy at two paediatric hospitals. Percutaneous access to the stomach was achieved via an existing gastrostomy tract or image-guided formation of a new tract. Under combined ultrasound, fluoroscopic or cone-beam CT guidance the pancreatic pseudocysts were punctured through the posterior wall of the stomach. A self-expanding covered nitinol stent was deployed to create a cystogastrostomy opening.
Results
Image-guided cystogastrostomy was performed in 6 children (4 male; median age 6 years, range 46 months to 15 years; median weight 18 kg, range 13.8–47 kg). Two children had prior failed attempts at surgical or endoscopic drainage. Median maximum cyst diameter was 11.5 cm (range 4.7–15.5 cm) pre-procedure. Technical success was 100%. There were no complications. There was complete pseudocyst resolution in five children and a small (2.1-cm) residual pseudocyst in one. Pseudocyst-related symptoms resolved in all children.
Conclusion
Pancreatic pseudocyst drainage can be successfully performed in children by image-guided placement of a cystogastrostomy stent. In this cohort of six children there were no complications.
Amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying strategies are studied for Nakagami-fading channels in an (N + 2)-terminal wireless cooperative system where a source terminal transmits information to a destination ...terminal with the assistance of N relay terminals. The asymptotic outage behavior is investigated in terms of coding and diversity gains for channel-state information (CSI)-assisted AF relaying and semi-blind AF relaying in various channel profiles. It is shown that semi-blind AF relaying system achieves strictly higher average SNRs. Further, when there exists fading severity difference between the source-to-relay and relay-to-destination links, both AF strategies achieve the same diversity gain whereas semi-blind AF achieves strictly lower coding.
GIGANTEA (GI) is a plant-specific nuclear protein that plays a pleiotropic role in the growth and development of plants. GI's involvement in circadian clock function, flowering time regulation, and ...various types of abiotic stress tolerance has been well documented in recent years. Here, the role of GI in response to
(
) infection is investigated at the molecular level comparing Col-0 WT with the
mutant in
. Disease progression, photosynthetic parameters, and comparative anatomy confirmed that the spread and damage caused by pathogen infection were less severe in
than in Col-0 WT plants.
infection induces a remarkable accumulation of GI protein. Our report showed that it is not involved in flowering time regulation during
infection. Estimation of defense hormone after infection showed that jasmonic acid (JA) level is higher and salicylic acid (SA) level is lower in
compared to Col-0 WT. Here, we show that the relative transcript expression of
(
) and
(
) as a marker of the JA pathway is significantly higher while
(
) and
(
), the markers of the SA pathway, are downregulated in the
mutants compared to Col-0 plants. The present study convincingly suggests that the GI module promotes susceptibility to
infection by inducing the SA pathway and inhibiting JA signaling in
.
Background and aim
A thorough donor evaluation in the living donation process is mandatory to ensure a safe outcome in an otherwise healthy individual. The aim of the current study was to evaluate ...the reasons for not proceeding to donation and the outcome of live liver donors.
Methods
A prospective study of potential donors who underwent evaluation and proceeded to surgery from 1 April 2012 to 31 January 2015 was conducted. The process of donor selection, its outcome and peri-operative complications were recorded.
Results
A total of 460 donors were evaluated in a stepwise manner for 367 potential recipients. Of the 321 (69.7 %) donors not proceeding to donation, the reasons were donor-related in 63.6 % and recipient-related in the rest. Common donor-related reasons were: donor reluctance (23.5 %), negative liver attenuation index (16.2 %), anatomic variations (10.3 %), inadequate remnant liver volume (9.8 %), unacceptable liver biopsy (8.8 %), and inadequate graft volume (5.4 %). A majority of donors (82.8 %) were turned down early in the (steps 1 and 2) evaluation process. Recipient death was the most common recipient-related reason
n
= 51 (43.6 %) for not proceeding to donation. There was no donor mortality. The overall complication rate was 19.8 % and major complication rate (grade 3 or higher) was 4.4 %.
Conclusions
A stringent stepwise donor evaluation process leads to early recognition of unsuitable donors and a low complication rate.
Systemic autoimmune connective tissue disorders are characterized by circulating antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Although there are several technologies available for ANA screening, indirect ...immunofluorescence (IIF) using Human epithelial cells-2 (HEp-2) substrate remains the primary and recommended method because of its superior sensitivity. HEp-2 substrates can detect a multitude of patterns resulting from autoantibody binding to various protein and nucleic acid autoantigens distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells. The great diversity of monospecific and mixed patterns resulting from positive reactions on HEp-2 substrate also complicate the interpretation and accuracy of reporting. One specific example which received utmost attention recently is the dense fine speckled 70 (DFS70) pattern resulting from autoantibodies that specifically bind to a protein called lens epithelium derived growth factor (LEDGF). Lack of clear association with a specific systemic autoimmune disease and high prevalence in healthy populations have made accurate interpretation of DFS70 pattern important. Accurate distinction of DFS70 pattern from disease-associated patterns using conventional HEp-2 substrate is challenging. Moreover, frequent co-occurrence of DFS70 pattern along with disease-associated patterns such as homogeneous, speckled, and mixed homogeneous-speckled patterns complicate the IIF interpretation. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of a novel engineered HEp-2 IIF substrate that retains all advantages of conventional HEp-2 substrate while simultaneously providing the ability to distinguish DFS70 pattern with high confidence in both monospecific and mixed ANA positive examples. The new substrate is further able to unmask disease-associated ANA patterns previously concealed by DFS70 pattern.
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