"Land usage" defines how that region is used, whereas "land cover" relates to the planet's surface. Among the various forms of land cover are water, snow, grasslands, deciduous forests, and bare ...soil. This research proposes utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier to implement a land cover categorization system. First, PCA (Principle Component Analysis) is used to preprocess the input image in order to reduce its dimensionality. The picture that has been preprocessed is then sent to feature extraction. For feature extraction, a convolutional filter is employed. It is possible to extract statistical characteristics like minimum, maximum, and standard using this feature extraction procedure. These features are trained and tested using the extracted features. Go on to the image of the ground truth next. This ground truth picture includes example photos of things like buildings, lakes, and agricultural regions. The next step involves creating a classification model by dividing these images into training and testing sets. Land cover regions are accurately predicted as a consequence of the retrieved image's effective classification by an ANN classifier. MATLAB simulation software is used to carry out this research. The Accuracy Comparison of the ANN is 91%, Specificity Comparison of ANN is 91.5% and Sensitivity Comparison of ANN is 93.5% respectively.
► In sodium heated steam generators, hydrogen is produced in the water side. ► Hydrogen permeates into the sodium side and becomes a major impurity. ► Hydrogen mass flux from water to sodium side, is ...a very important design data. ► We experimentally quantified hydrogen flux through a Mod 9Cr1Mo steam generator. ► It is compared with literature data available for 2.25Cr1Mo steam generator.
Heat, produced in a SFR (Sodium cooled Fast Reactor) is exchanged to a sodium circuit, where it is further transferred from sodium to water in a steam generator (SG). SG, typically made of ferritic steel, is a shell and tube heat exchanger with sodium on shell side and water/steam on tube side. Water/steam, flowing through the SG tube, reacts with the tube material, producing magnetite and hydrogen. Most of the hydrogen, formed in the water side, permeates into sodium through the SG tube wall and becomes the major impurity in sodium. The mass flux of hydrogen, permeating into sodium, is particularly important in the design of cold trap (CT) which is used for purifying sodium. Experiments were performed with a model SG made of Mod 9Cr1Mo having 19 tubes, in Steam Generator Test Facility (SGTF) at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), to quantify hydrogen flux. Material, structural layout and operating conditions of SG of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) were simulated. This paper brings out the data and experiences gained through the experiments.
Sliding Mode Speed Control of a DC Motor Ch, Uma Maheswararao; Babu, Y. S. K.; Amaresh, K.
2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies,
2011-June
Conference Proceeding
The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of separately excited DC Motor using a Sliding mode controller based on VSS approach. This controller is based on variable structure systems ...which aim at reducing the peak overshoot, steady state error and settling time of a DC Motor. In the first stage, PI controller is used to control the speed of DC Motor. A model is developed and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Later on the same is done with sliding mode controller. The speed control of DC Motor using both PI and Sliding mode controllers is studied and the results are compared. The simulation results show that Sliding mode controller is superior than PI for speed control of DC motor. Since the SMC is robust in presence of disturbances, the desired speed is perfectly tracked.
Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum of healthy, term gestation women and periodontitis affected pre-term gestation women and to ...find out the association between TNF-α levels, gestational age and different periodontal variables in serum. Materials and Methods: Clinical parameters, including pocket depth, Russel′s periodontal indexes were recorded from 36 subjects divided into two groups based on presence of pocket beyond 5 mm and gestational age above or below 36 weeks. Blood samples from all 36 subjects were obtained from the fetal side of the umbilical cord of the term and pre-term gestation infants at delivery. Serum was separated from the collected blood samples and TNF-α from the resultant serum was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay essay. Results: The mean amounts of TNF-α was significantly higher in Group-II when compared to Group-I, which was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). Positive correlation was found between TNF-α concentration and Gestational age ( P < 0.001), Russel′s periodontal index ( P < 0.001), Pocket depth ( P < 0.001) which were statistically significant. A positive correlation was found between pocket depth, Russel′s periodontal index and gestational age ( R = −0.69, P < 0.001), ( R = −0.71, P < 0.001) i.e., when pocket depth (beyond 4 mm or above) and Russel′s periodontal index increase, estimated gestational age shows a steady decline. Conclusion: TNF-α concentrations correlated positively with the extent of periodontal destruction, Russel′s periodontal index score and gestational age, With increase in amount of periodontal destruction, there is a substantial increase in clinical parameters and TNF-α level in serum, which is inversely related to premature gestation.
Growth and characterization of Cu2SnSe3 thin films Babu, G. Suresh; Kumar, Y.B. Kishore; Reddy, Y. Bharath Kumar ...
Materials chemistry and physics,
04/2006, Letnik:
96, Številka:
2-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Thin films of Cu2SnSe3, a potential candidate for acousto-optic device applications in IR region were prepared by co-evaporation onto glass substrates. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed ...that the films were polycrystalline in nature with sphalerite structure. The lattice parameter was found to be a = 0.573 nm. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies indicated that the surface layers contain Cu2SnSe4 as the secondary phase. Average grain size obtained from scanning electron micrograph was found to be 0.6 mum. Optical absorption studies revealed two direct-allowed transitions, one corresponding to the transition from the acceptor level to the bottom of the conduction band (0.74 eV) and the other corresponding to the transition from the spin-orbit splitting level to the conduction band minimum (1.12 eV). The films were found to be p-type with a carrier concentration of 1.85 X 1020 cm-3 and Hall mobility of 1.79 cm2 V-1 s-1. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity studies in the range 123-373 K indicated three acceptor states with activation energies of 60, 15 and 5 meV.
The assessment of student's clinical competence is of paramount importance, and there are several means of evaluating student performance in medical examinations. The OSCE is an approach to student ...assessment in which aspects of clinical competence are evaluated in a comprehensive, consistent and structured manner with close attention to the objectivity of the process. The faculty of general medicine in collaboration with other clinical departments, Mamata Medical College, Khammam first implemented the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the final MBBS Part-II examination during the internal assessment examination for the 2011–2012 academic years. The study was set out to explore student acceptance of the OSCE as part of an evaluation of final MBBS students. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by successive groups of students immediately after the OSCE. Main outcome measures were student perception of examination attributes, which included the quality of instructions and organization, the quality of performance, authenticity and transparency of the process, and usefulness of the OSCE as an assessment instrument compared to other formats. There was an overwhelming acceptance of OSCE in general medicine with respect to comprehensiveness (90%) transparency (90%) & authenticity of required tasks. Students felt that it was a useful form of examination. Student's feedback was invaluable in influencing faculty teaching curriculum direction and appreciation of student opinion and overall the students were agreeable with newer form of OSCE. The majority of the students felt that OSCE is a fair assessment tool compared to traditional long and short cases and it covers a wide range of knowledge and clinical skills in general medicine.
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