A methanol extract of the dried leaves of Lansium domesticum showed antimutagenic effects against 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido4,3-bindole (Trp-P-1) and ...2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo4,5-bIpyridine (PhIP) using the Ames assay. Nine new onoceranoid-type triterpenoids, lansium acids I–IX (1–9), and nine known compounds (10–16) were isolated from the extract. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The absolute stereostructures of the new compounds were determined via their electronic circular dichroism spectra. Several isolated onoceranoid-type triterpeneoids showed antimutagenic effects in an in vitro Ames assay. Moreover, oral intake of a major constituent, lansionic acid (10), showed antimutagenic effects against PhIP in an in vivo micronucleus test.
The effectiveness of transanal total mesorectal excision (Ta-TME) in extended surgery (ES) has been discussed. This study examined the short-term outcomes of the first 31 patients who underwent ...Ta-TME after its introduction and verified the safety of Ta-TME in ES in the early stage following its introduction.
Thirty-one consecutive patients who underwent Ta-TME between December 2021 and January 2023 at our institution were included. The indications for Ta-TME were rectal tumors that could be palpated during rectal examination and bulky tumors that were deemed unresectable without Ta-TME. Short-term outcomes were retrospectively compared between patients who underwent normal Ta-TME, (n=27, TME group) and patients who underwent ES beyond TME (n=4, ES group). The data are shown as the median and interquartile range. Statistical analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test.
Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) was performed in the 4
and 8
patients; the 9
patient underwent a combined resection of the right adnexa and urinary bladder wall. The 31
patient underwent a combined resection of the uterus and the right adnexa. The operative time was 353 285-471 vs. 569 411-746 min for the TME and ES groups (p=0.039). Blood loss was 8 5-40 vs. 45 23-248 ml (p=0.065); postoperative hospital stay was 15 10-19 vs. 11 9-15 days (p=0.201); postoperative complications (higher than grade III) were 5 (19%) vs. 0 (p=1.000). Negative CRM was achieved in all cases.
Ta-TME in ES was as safe as normal Ta-TME in the early stage after its introduction.
To enlarge both horizontal (azimuthal) and vertical (zenithal) viewing zones simultaneously, a convex parabolic mirror is placed after passing through the hologram. Viewers perceive a ...three-dimensional (3D) object inside the parabolic mirror as a virtual image by capturing the wavefront radially reflected from the parabolic mirror. The optical experiment using the convex parabolic mirror has demonstrated an extremely wide viewing zone with an azimuthal range of 180° and zenithal range of 90°. The viewing zone and the shape of the parabolic surface are analyzed. The hologram is designed considering the parabolic mirror reflection, and its diffraction calculation method based on Fermat's principle is also proposed.
The transplantation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has beneficial effects on spinal cord injury (SCI). However, while there are many ...subtypes of NPCs with different regional identities, the subtype of iPSC-derived NPCs that is most appropriate for cell therapy for SCI has not been identified. Here, we generated forebrain- and spinal cord-type NPCs from human iPSCs and grafted them onto the injured spinal cord in mice. These two types of NPCs retained their regional identities after transplantation and exhibited different graft-host interconnection properties. NPCs with spinal cord regional identity but not those with forebrain identity resulted in functional improvement in SCI mice, especially in those with mild-to-moderate lesions. This study highlights the importance of the regional identity of human iPSC-derived NPCs used in cell therapy for SCI.
Background/Aim: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a mixed reality (MR)-based hologram for intraoperative navigation in colorectal surgery. Virtual reality (VR) and MR technologies ...can visualize overlapping three-dimensional (3D) hologram images and real space using the wearable HoloLens2 glasses. Patients and Methods: This study comprised 13 patients with colorectal cancer. Twelve participants had hologram images created from computed tomography (CT) between August and September 2021. One patient who underwent lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) after this period was included. A 3D hologram of the arteries, veins, and tumor was downloaded to HoloLens2 with the Holoeyes MD system and used during surgery. Hologram visibility, surgical outcome, and the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) were examined. Results: A total of 2 ileocecal resections, 6 right hemicolectomies, 1 partial colectomy, 4 LLNDs, and 1 para-aortic lymph node dissection were performed safely while viewing the holograms. The mean operative duration was 421 290-555 min, blood loss was 5 5-15 ml, and the postoperative hospital stay was 10 9-14 days. Regarding the TLX, the mental demand score was 30 20-40, the physical demand score was 60 50-67.5, the temporal demand score was 50 40-62.5, the performance score was 15 2.5-35, the effort score was 45 35-62.5, the frustration score was 60 50-65, and the weighted workload score was 34 30.17-45.835. Conclusion: Viewing a hologram in VR/MR can improve the understanding of the anatomy, which cannot be ascertained on a conventional two-dimensional monitor. Holographic guidance is a highly novel surgical concept that can potentially reduce the mental demand on surgeons.
Approximately 15% of patients with colorectal cancer present with locally advanced tumors (T4 stage). Laparoscopic surgery for stage T4 disease has not yet been established.
The near-infrared ray ...catheter fluorescent ureteral catheter (NIRFUC) is a new device that uses near-infrared fluorescence resin.
We examined the utility of fluorescence ureteral navigation (FUN) with the NIRFUC during laparoscopic surgery for stage T4 colorectal cancer.
Patients with stage T4 colorectal cancer (n = 143, from January 2017 to March 2021) were divided into a T4FUN + group, in which the NIRFUC was used (n = 21), and a T4FUN- group, in which the NIRFUC was not used (n = 122). Short-term outcomes were compared between the groups.
Next, the laparoscopic surgery rate and incidence of ureteral injury from January 2017 to March 2021 were compared between the T4FUN- group and the non-stage T4FUN- group (n = 434, from January 2017 to March 2021), in which fluorescence ureter navigation was not used.
Rectal cancer, stage T4b disease, and invasion into the urinary tract were observed more often in the T4FUN + group than in the T4FUN- group.
In the comparisons of the T4FUN + versus T4FUN- groups, the operative time was 398 (161–1090) vs. 256 (93–839) minutes, the blood loss was 10 (1–710) vs. 25 (0–1360) ml, and the ratio of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery was 21:0 vs. 79:43. Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III) were present in 2 (10%; 0 ureteral injury) patients in the T4FUN + group and 13 (11%; 2 ureteral injury) patients in the T4FUN- group.
In the T4FUN + group, the operative time was longer (p < 0.0001), but the laparoscopic ratio was higher (p = 0.0002), and the blood loss volume and incidence of ureteral injury tended to be lower.
In the comparisons of the T4FUN- versus non-stage T4FUN- groups, the ratio of laparoscopic surgery to open surgery was 79:43 vs. 384:50, the incidence of open conversion was 8 (6.6%) vs. 15 (3.5%), and the incidence of ureteral injury was 2 (1.6%) vs. 0 (0%). In the T4FUN- group, the open surgery rate (<0.0001), open conversion rate (p = 0.0205) and incidence of ureteral injury (p = 0.0478) were high, with a significant difference observed between the groups.
Patients with stage T4 disease have an increased risk of ureteral injury and are more likely to be converted to open surgery.
FUN can help to safely increase the laparoscopic surgery rate while safely visualizing the ureter. FUN is recommended for laparoscopic surgery in patients with stage T4 colorectal cancer.
Examination of fluorescence navigation for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery; Research Ethics Committee of the Kawaguchi Municipal Medical Center (Saitama, Japan) approval number: 2020-3. https://kawaguchi-mmc.org/wp-content/uploads/clinical research-r02.pdf;
•Fluorescence ureteral navigation with the NIRFUC improves the visibility of the ureter.•Selection of patients for which to use the NIRFUC is important.•Laparoscopic colorectal surgery for stage T4 cancer has a risk of ureteral injury.•Fluorescence ureteral navigation is recommended for laparoscopic T4 colorectal cancer surgery.•The NIRFUC may contribute to a reduction in ureteral injury and increase laparoscopic surgery.
Cell transplantation therapy using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NS/PCs) is a new therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI). Preclinical ...studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hiPSC-NS/PCs transplantation in the subacute phase of SCI. However, locomotor recovery secondary to hiPSC-NS/PCs transplantation is limited in the chronic phase, suggesting that additional treatment, including rehabilitative training, is required to ensure recovery. The therapeutic potential of hiPSC-NS/PCs that qualify for clinical application is yet to be fully delineated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the combined therapy of clinical-grade hiPSC-NS/PCs transplantation and rehabilitative training that could produce synergistic effects in a rodent model of chronic SCI. Our findings indicated that rehabilitative training promoted the survival rate and neuronal differentiation of transplanted hiPSC-NS/PCs. The combination therapy was able to enhance the expressions of the BDNF and NT-3 proteins in the spinal cord tissue. Moreover, rehabilitation promoted neuronal activity and increased 5-HT-positive fibers at the lumbar enlargement. Consequently, the combination therapy significantly improved motor functions. The findings of this study suggest that the combined therapy of hiPSC-NS/PCs transplantation and rehabilitative training has the potential to promote functional recovery even when initiated during chronic SCI.
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are overexpressed in several tumors and contribute to cell proliferation, metastasis, and anticancer drug resistance. Therefore, Hsp inhibitors have enhanced cytotoxicity ...as chemotherapeutic agents and may be effective with a reduced dosage for tumor therapy to avoid side effects.
Four new azaphilones, maximazaphilones I-IV (1-4), and three known compounds (5-7) have been isolated from the airborne-derived fungus Penicillium maximae. Inhibitory effects of isolated compounds against induction of Hsp105 were evaluated by the luciferase assay system using Hsp105 promoter. In this assay, 2-4, 6, and 7 significantly inhibited hsp105 promoter activity without cytotoxicity. In addition, all isolated compounds except for 5 significantly induced the death of Adriamycin (ADR)-treated HeLa cells. Interestingly, 1-4, 6, and 7 didn't show anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing activity without ADR.
This study revealed the chemical structures of maximazaphilones I-IV (1-4) and the potency of azaphilones may be useful for cancer treatment and reducing the dose of anticancer agents. In addition, one of the mechanisms of cell death-inducing activity for 2-4, 6, and 7 was suggested to be inhibitory effects of Hsp105 expression.
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