The extracellular environment regulates the dynamic behaviors of cells. However, the effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are not clearly ...understood. Here, we established a cell culture chamber to control HP. Using this system, we found that the promotion of osteogenic differentiation by HP is depend on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression regulated by Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) in MSCs. The PIEZO1 was expressed and induced after HP loading in primary MSCs and MSC lines, UE7T-13 and SDP11. HP and Yoda1, an activator of PIEZO1, promoted BMP2 expression and osteoblast differentiation, whereas inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, PIEZO1 inhibition reduced osteoblast differentiation and BMP2 expression. Furthermore, Blocking of BMP2 function by noggin inhibits HP induced osteogenic maker genes expression. In addition, in an in vivo model of medaka with HP loading, HP promoted caudal fin ray development whereas inhibition of piezo1 using GsMTx4 suppressed its development. Thus, our results suggested that PIEZO1 is responsible for HP and could functions as a factor for cell fate determination of MSCs by regulating BMP2 expression.
Signal transmission from the mechanical forces to the various intracellular activities is a fundamental process during tissue development. Despite their critical role, the mechanism of mechanical ...forces in the biological process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that in the response to hydrostatic pressure (HP), the piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) is a primary mechanosensing receptor for odontoblast differentiation through coordination of the WNT expression and ciliogenesis. In stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), HP significantly promoted calcium deposition as well as the expression of odontogenic marker genes, PANX3 and DSPP, and WNT related-genes including WNT5b and WNT16, whereas HP inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced primary cilia expression. WNT signaling inhibitor XAV939 and primary cilia inhibitor chloral hydrate blocked the HP-induced calcium deposition. The PIEZO1 activator Yoda1 inhibited cell proliferation but induced ciliogenesis and WNT16 expression. Interestingly, HP and Yoda1 promoted nuclear translocation of RUNX2, whereas siRNA-mediated silencing of PIEZO1 decreased HP-induced nuclear translocation of RUNX2. Taken together, these results suggest that PIEZO1 functions as a mechanotransducer that connects HP signal to the intracellular signalings during odontoblast differentiation.
The regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) programming mechanism promises great success in regenerative medicine. Tissue regeneration has been associated not only with the differentiation of ...MSCs, but also with the microenvironment of the stem cell niche that involves various cytokines and immune cells in the tissue regeneration site. In the present study, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), the principal growth factor for tooth development, dental pulp homeostasis and dentin repair, was reported to affect the expression of cytokines in human dental pulp-derived MSCs. FGF2 significantly inhibited the expression of chemokine C-C motif ligand 11 (CCL11) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in the SDP11 human dental pulp-derived MSC line. This inhibition was diminished following treatment with the AZD4547 FGF receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, indicating that FGF2 negatively regulated the expression of CCL11 in SDP11 cells. Furthermore, FGF2 activated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) in SDP11 cells. The mechanism of the FGFR-downstream signaling pathway was then studied using the SB203580, U0126 and SP600125 inhibitors for p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK, respectively. Interestingly, only treatment with SP600125 blocked the FGF2-mediated suppression of CCL11. The present results suggested that FGF2 regulated the expression of cytokines and suppressed the expression of CCL11 via the JNK signaling pathway in human dental pulp-derived MSCs. The present findings could provide important insights into the association of FGF2 and CCL11 in dental tissue regeneration therapy. Key words: dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblast growth factor 2, fibroblast growth factor receptor signal, C-C motif ligand 11, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
A Tick Bite on the Palate: A Case Report Kurogoushi, Rika; Iwata, Kokoro; Kitamura, Takamasa ...
The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Dentistry,
2020/11/25, Letnik:
58, Številka:
3
Journal Article
There have been reports of tick bites in the maxillofacial region, but no reports in the oral cavity. Here we report a case of a tick bite on the palate. The patient was a boy aged 1 year and 0 ...months. An elastic hard tumor with a smooth surface, black partly brown mottled pattern, and well-defined border was observed at the center of the right side of the palate. On the evening of the first visit to our clinic, he exhibited a fever ranging from 39.1 to 39.6℃ and exanthema on the buttocks, palms and soles. A nearby pediatrician diagnosed it as hand, foot and mouth disease and prescribed cephem antibiotics to prevent secondary infection. Six days later, the fever temporarily subsided. Two days later, the fever recurred and exanthema was observed. Then, his fever subsided suddenly. Ten days after the first visit to our department, the tumor disappeared, and several 1- to 2-mm indentations were found at the site where the tumor was located, and there were bullae around it. Three months later, the bullae disappeared. Nine months later, the patient made steady progress.There are many infectious diseases transmitted by ticks which may become fatal if they become severe. Tick bites rarely occur inside the mouth, but this can happen at an early age when very young children tend to put anything into their mouths.
The characteristics of disabilities and illnesses are gradually being understood end the social environment and welfare system for them are improving. However, the environment of dental care at the ...dental clinic for the children with disabilities and illnesses is not yet sufficient, and urgent environmental improvement is required. Therefore, to clarify the problems of dental situation for those patients, we investigated first-visit patients with disabilities and illness who visited our department from 2013 to 2018. Of the 1,301 first-visit patients, the percentage of children with disabilities and illnesses was 49%. In this study, the disabilities and illnesses were categorized with physical disabilities, sensory disorders, internal disorders, developmental disorders, seizure disorders, congenital malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, and genetic abnormalities. The 323 patients included 4% with physical disabilities, 11% with sensory disorders, 15% with internal disorders, 34% with developmental disorders, 8% with seizure disorders, 14% with congenital malformations, 8% with chromosomal abnormalities, and 6% with genetic abnormalities were further investigated. Caries was the most common complaint (31%) followed by cleft lip and palate (17%), dental check-up (14%), surgical treatment (11%), denture guidance (8%), trauma (4%), and swallowing (3%). Ninety-three percent of the patients brought a letter of referral and 7% did not. The number of patients by residential area was highest in Tokushima City (37%), where our hospital is located. This was followed by Anan City (10%) and Naruto City (8%). Nine percent of the patients came from outside Tokushima Prefecture. The dental needs of children with disabilities and illness, as well as the environment and system surrounding them, should be analyzed from the standpoint of both the patient and the medical personnel, so that the needs of both parties can be met.
In this study, we examined the effect of forced mastication on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice. Six-week-old mice were subjected to either a hard or normal diet for ...13 weeks. They received a daily injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 12 consecutive days beginning at 14 weeks of age. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the DG was counted 1 day after and 5 weeks after the final BrdU injection. The number of BrdU-positive cells 1 day after injection did not differ between the 2 diet groups. However, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the group fed the hard diet was significantly increased 5 weeks after BrdU injection compared to the group fed the normal diet. The results of the Morris water maze test showed that mice fed a hard diet required significantly less time to reach the platform than the control mice when tested at 10 days. Moreover, mice in the group fed the hard diet spent significantly more time in the former platform area than the group fed the normal diet, indicating that hard diet feeding improved spatial memory compared to normal diet feeding. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of glutamate receptor 1 mRNA was significantly increased in the group fed the hard diet compared with the group fed the normal diet. These results suggest that mastication increases the survival of adult neural stem cells in the hippocampal DG.
The Committee on Education (JSPD) conducted a questionnaire survey on the 2018 Guideline for Pediatric Dentistry in the National Dentistry Examination for the pediatric dentistry departments of all ...dental schools in Japan. The questionnaire covered the category of compulsory basic matters, general dental medicine, and clinical dental medicine in pediatric dentistry.The results of the survey revealed that there are various problems with the current Guideline. It was shown that clinical dental medicine has a more specific questioning standard than the compulsory basic matters or general dental medicine. Regarding whether it met the criteria of the Guideline related to pediatric dentistry in the National Dentistry Examination, there were many categories including subcategories and further subcategories for which less than 50% of respondents answered "Applicable".
Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that is known to play a multitude of important roles in intracellular energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. It has also been reported that ATP acts as ...an extracellular autocrine and/or paracrine signaling molecule upon being secreted from a cell, affecting numerous downstream factors and signaling cascades involved in both normal cellular physiology and disease development.
Signaling that involves a purine nucleotide or nucleoside, such as ATP or other adenosine containing molecules (e.g., ADP, AMP, and adenosine), is called purinergic signaling. ATP-sensitive purinergic receptors include the P2Y family of G protein-coupled receptors and the P2X family of ligand-gated cation channels. These receptors have been characterized in almost all cell types. The vast amount of literature concerning these receptors has provided evidence that connects purinergic signaling with a variety of cellular functions. In this review, we summarize previous reports focused on extracellular ATP-mediated purinergic signaling observed in cells found in bone, cartilage, and teeth.
Purinergic signaling is involved in osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and dental sensory perception, indicating that ATP is an essential signaling molecule in bone, cartilage, and teeth. The downstream effects of ATP-mediated signaling are largely dependent on the receptors expressed in the tissue as well as the stage of cellular differentiation. While the current literature has greatly advanced our understanding of purinergic signaling, additional research is necessary to fully elucidate the function of ATP-mediated pathways.
•ATP acts as an extracellular signaling molecule, called purinergic signaling.•We summarize the purinergic signaling in bone, cartilage, and tooth.•ATP is involved in osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and dental sensory perception.
Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare neuroectodermal disorder characterized by hypopigmented whorls of skin along the Blaschko lines. Mental retardation and intractable epilepsy are also commonly ...observed in HI. However, there are only a few published reports describing dental observations in HI patients. Here, we report the oral management and novel dental findings of a male HI patient aged 3 years and 10 months. The chief complaint was spontaneous gingival bleeding due to gingival hyperplasia induced by anticonvulsants, which was improved with plaque control and gingival massage. Numerous additional dental abnormalities were also evident, including enamel hypoplasia and large pulpal chambers.
Adenoid hypertrophy causes impaired nasopharyngeal airways (NA) ventilation. However, it is difficult to evaluate the ventilatory conditions of NA. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the ...nasopharyngeal airway resistance (NARES) based on computational fluid dynamics simulations and the nasopharyngeal airway depth (NAD) and adenoid hypertrophy grade measured on cephalometric cone-beam computed tomography images and determine the relationship between NAD and grade and NARES to ultimately assess using cephalometric measurements whether NA has airway obstruction defects.
Cephalogram images were generated from cone-beam computed tomography data of 102 children (41 boys; mean age: 9.14 ± 1.43 years) who received orthodontic examinations at an orthodontic clinic from September 2012 to March 2023, and NAD and adenoid grade and NARES values were measured based on computational fluid dynamics analyses using a 3D NA model. Nonlinear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between NARES and NAD and correlation coefficients to evaluate the relationship between grade and NARES.
NARES was inversely proportional to the cube of NAD (R2 = 0.786, P < 0.001), indicating a significant relationship between these variables. The resistance NARES increased substantially when the distance NAD was less than 5 mm. However, adenoid Grade 4 (75 % hypertrophy) was widely distributed.
These study findings demonstrate that the ventilatory conditions of NA can be determined based on a simple evaluation of cephalogram images. An NAD of less than 5 mm on cephalometric images results in NA obstruction with substantially increased airflow resistance.
•This study demonstrated that the ventilatory conditions of the nasopharyngeal airways can be determined by a simple evaluation of cephalogram images.•A nasopharyngeal airway depth of less than 5 mm on cephalometric images results in nasopharyngeal airway obstruction with substantially increased airflow resistance.•An evaluation of the nasopharyngeal airways using adenoid grading insufficiently determines ventilatory obstruction due to its high variability.
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