We report here our findings on music perception obtained as a companion study to the investigation with 16-channel EEG mapping in psychiatric patients during motor activation, published recently ...elsewhere. We decided to add on a study of this functional circuit, since there is evidence that it is disturbed in various psychiatric patient groups (another "functio laesa"). Involved in the study were 23 male and 25 female schizophrenics, 11 male and 18 female non-endogenously depressed patients (not presently under medication, i.e. drug-naive or wash-out period from 1 week to 17 years), 26 male and 37 female endogenously depressed patients (medicated with tri- or tetracyclic antidepressants and/or benzodiazepines; no lithium), and 22 male and 17 female control subjects (i.e. n = 179). We compared resting conditions after a special relaxation procedure with three music perception tasks: (1) a standardised rumba rhythm generated by a keyboard and delivered binaurally by earphones, (2) the same as an arpeggio in D major, and (3) the same as an arpeggio with a tonic-subdominant-dominant cadence. Major results were obtained in the delta and alpha frequency bands, yielding signs of "diffuse hyperactivation", most prominent in schizophrenic males, and not observed to a similar extent in any other patient group or in normal controls. Interestingly, there were major sex differences, yielding a more diffuse EEG activation pattern in normal females than in males and thus possibly obscuring signs of brain function diffusion in female patients. Viewing our broader evidence of similar brain dysfunction when examining motor functional circuits, especially in schizophrenics, these findings provide further evidence of a brain disorganization with lack of laterality/diffusion which may be found in subgroups of these patients and not in other psychiatric disorders. In schizophrenic patients, these EEG signs of "diffuse hyperactivation" on simple motor and/or music stimulation were reduced to nearly normal by neuroleptic medication. The latter finding may contribute to possible clinical applications of EEG mapping, considering the EEG's unique suitability for long-term brain function monitoring. Other neuroimaging methods like SPECT and PET should be used for additional "external validation".
The motility of neutrophils and their ability to sense and to react to chemoattractants in their environment are of central importance for the innate immunity. Neutrophils are guided towards sites of ...inflammation following the activation of G-protein coupled chemoattractant receptors such as CXCR2 whose signaling strongly depends on the activity of Ca²⁺ permeable TRPC6 channels. It is the aim of this study to analyze data sets obtained in vitro (murine neutrophils) and in vivo (zebrafish neutrophils) with a stochastic mathematical model to gain deeper insight into the underlying mechanisms. The model is based on the analysis of trajectories of individual neutrophils. Bayesian data analysis, including the covariances of positions for fractional Brownian motion as well as for exponentially and power-law tempered model variants, allows the estimation of parameters and model selection. Our model-based analysis reveals that wildtype neutrophils show pure superdiffusive fractional Brownian motion. This so-called anomalous dynamics is characterized by temporal long-range correlations for the movement into the direction of the chemotactic CXCL1 gradient. Pure superdiffusion is absent vertically to this gradient. This points to an asymmetric ‘memory’ of the migratory machinery, which is found both in vitro and in vivo. CXCR2 blockade and TRPC6-knockout cause tempering of temporal correlations in the chemotactic gradient. This can be interpreted as a progressive loss of memory, which leads to a marked reduction of chemotaxis and search efficiency of neutrophils. In summary, our findings indicate that spatially differential regulation of anomalous dynamics appears to play a central role in guiding efficient chemotactic behavior.
Stomach contents of 2 southern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon planifrons) were examined in detail; a 6.43 m male caught off the east coast, and a 6.55 m lactating female stranded alive on the west ...coast of South Africa. Both stomachs contained only squid remains. A total of 36 species in 14 families of squids was identified, all of which were oceanic species. Four Antarctic squids (Kondakovia longimana, Galiteuthis glacialis, Alluroteuthis antarcticus and Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) and 4 subantarctic species (Gonatus antarcticus, Moroteuthis knipovitchi, M. ingens and Histioteuthis eltaninae) were present. Sightings of southern bottlenose whales off Durban between February and October showed strong seasonality with peaks in February and October. The beaks of Antarctic and subantarctic squids in the stomachs, plus the presence of cold water skin diatoms Bennettella = Cocconeis ceticola on the male, suggest that the animals had arrived comparatively recently in South African waters from higher latitudes.
Titre uniforme : Polka dots and moonbeams
Titre uniforme : Lola = Légende du pays aux oiseaux= Lullaby of birdland
Titre uniforme : If I had you
Titre uniforme : Deep purple
Titre uniforme : Just ...you, just me
Titre uniforme : Someone to watch over me
Titre uniforme : Prelude to a kiss
Titre uniforme : Deep purple
BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - Believe
Contient une table des matières
Titre uniforme : Polka dots and moonbeams
Titre uniforme : Lola = Légende du pays aux oiseaux= Lullaby of birdland
Titre uniforme : If I had you
Titre uniforme : Deep purple
Titre uniforme : Just you, just me
Titre uniforme : Someone to watch over me
Titre uniforme : Prelude to a kiss
BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - Believe
Contient une table des matières
