Knox discusses the G6 gang in Haiti which is unique because it is a state sponsored gang that practices Vodou. It is also one of the few gangs in the world that has been specifically by name ...sanctioned by the US Treasury Department because of its human rights violations. The story of the G9 gang in Haiti is really a story about a failed state--poverty, illiteracy, a failing economy, corruption, intervention from the United Nations--all factors in the societal breakdown. He examines the historical facts about this gang, how it evolved, what impact it has had, and why it is regarded as a state-sponsored gang. What is unique about the G9 gang is how its kind of gang violence rises to the highest possible level of seriousness--crimes against humanity.
Recognizing the need to update previous research about how the issues like gangs and security threat groups (STG 's) are affecting the climate of jails in America today, the National Gang Crime ...Research Center (NGCRC) undertook a national survey of jails in 2019 and then again in early 2022. Reported here are the statistical results of that anonymous national survey. Gangs and STG's continue to be a major problem is what emerged from the statistical analysis and indeed there is evidence of certain escalated threats. Findings about other problems impacting on the jails in American society today are also discussed. Replicating survey items from jail surveys dating back to 1993 allowed for analyzing some factors historically associated with the gang/STG problem in jails. The problems of trauma and stress from gang and related problems in jails today are not showing any signs of abatement and rather suggest an increase in the overall threat conditions faced by jail staff.
Recognizing the need to update previous research about how the issues like gangs and security threat groups (STG's) are affecting the climate of jails in America today, the National Gang Crime ...Research Center (NGCRC) undertook a national survey of jails in 2019. Reported here are the statistical results of that anonymous national survey. Gangs and STG's continue to be a major problem is what emerged from the statistical analysis and indeed there is evidence of certain escalated threats. Findings about other problems impacting on the jails in American society today are also discussed. Replicating survey items from the 1993 jail survey allowed for addressing how some factors have changed over time in the last 25 years regarding the gang and other problems. The problems of trauma and stress from gang and related problems in jails today are not showing any signs of abatement and rather suggest an increase in the overall threat conditions faced by jail staff.
Knox offers a threat analysis of the Proud Boys which are a hybrid political extremist gang that has also been identified as being associated with white racist or white supremacist gangs. Some may ...want to define it as a terrorist group because it engages in violence for ideological reasons. It has persisted over time (2016 - 2021) as a violent political group whose members were coming into the criminal justice system for violent crimes. The current estimate is that 200 Proud Boy members took part in the attack on the Capitol building of the US Government on January 6, 2021, and because it is a complex and hybrid type of gang, there is a need to review and provide additional analysis on this organizational entity.
The study surveyed adolescents in juvenile detention facilities to determine the incidence of health risk behaviors.
A modified version of the United States Centers for Disease Control Youth Risk ...Behavior Surveillance System was administered to 1801 minors at 39 facilities in the United States.
Risky behavior begins early, the initiation plateauing at age 15 or 16 years. Girls and boys reported comparable rates of drinking, binge drinking, and illicit drug use. North American Natives and those individuals who designated themselves as being other than any of the offered choices for racial designation (“Other”) began drinking at earlier ages, had more binge drinking, more illegal drug use, and the most fight-related behavior. By age 12 years 62% reported onset of sexual intercourse and by age 14 years 89% were sexually active. Fighting was reported by 69% of detainees. Fight-related injuries within the past year were reported by 25% of the respondents. Nearly 47% belonged to a gang. Drug/alcohol use, fighting, and gang membership were related. Suicide was considered by 22% of the detainees, planned by 20%, tried by 16%, 8% were injured because of a suicide attempt. Younger teens (White, N.A. Natives, and “Other”) had the most frequent suicide ideation. Drug/alcohol use correlated with suicidal thoughts. Onset of sexual intercourse was at an average age of 12. Multiple partners and pregnancy, was highest among blacks and “Others”. Blacks had the highest sexually transmitted disease (STD) rate. Less than half of all respondents used condoms at last intercourse. STDs were related to being female, being black, and having multiple sexual partners. Pregnancy was related to multiple sexual partners and violent behavior.
Male and female detainees report a high incidence and early onset of risky behaviors. N.A. Natives and those of “other” races reported the highest incidence of risk behaviors.
In this special report from the National Gang Crime Research Center(NGCRC), the author provides a preliminary analysis of The 2006 School Survey of Gang-Related Issues. A preliminary quiz on ...up-to-date gang related problems in American schools establishes lack of consciousness of gang problems in school environments as a major theme. A review of social policy issues addresses fear, school security, federal funding, & high intensity violence. Data analysis of quantitative data delineates the levels of School Resource Officer(SRO) staffing, rules, teacher training, gang characteristics, bully prevention, drug security, & approaches to identifying & dealing with gang problems. Content analysis of open-ended survey questions collapses answers into listings of top gangs represented among students in K-12 schools. The study clarifies how the gang problem overlaps with other problems, & the identification of the need for training of school administration. J. Harwell
A mail survey of N = 148 adult prisons and county jails in N = 48 states developed new and useful insights into gang recruiting and other problems behind bars today. Gangs and security threat groups ...(STG's) control a variety of income-producing enterprises. How prisons and county jails control and respond to gang and STG problems are described. The predictions for the future include an increased gang/STG threat in adult American corrections. Adapted from the source document.
Cardiac function of critically ill patients with COVID-19 generally has been reported from clinically obtained data. Echocardiographic deformation imaging can identify ventricular dysfunction missed ...by traditional echocardiographic assessment.
What is the prevalence of ventricular dysfunction and what are its implications for the natural history of critical COVID-19?
This is a multicenter prospective cohort of critically ill patients with COVID-19. We performed serial echocardiography and lower extremity vascular ultrasound on hospitalization days 1, 3, and 8. We defined left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as the absolute value of longitudinal strain of < 17% or left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of < 50%. Primary clinical outcome was inpatient survival.
We enrolled 110 patients. Thirty-nine (35.5%) died before hospital discharge. LV dysfunction was present at admission in 38 patients (34.5%) and in 21 patients (36.2%) on day 8 (P = .59). Median baseline LVEF was 62% (interquartile range IQR, 52%-69%), whereas median absolute value of baseline LV strain was 16% (IQR, 14%-19%). Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ statistically significantly with respect to day 1 LV strain (17.9% vs 14.4%; P = .12) or day 1 LVEF (60.5% vs 65%; P = .06). Nonsurvivors showed worse day 1 right ventricle (RV) strain than survivors (16.3% vs 21.2%; P = .04).
Among patients with critical COVID-19, LV and RV dysfunction is common, frequently identified only through deformation imaging, and early (day 1) RV dysfunction may be associated with clinical outcome.
Draws on 2004 survey data from 193 correctional institutions in 49 states to explore gangs & security threat groups (STGs) in US prisons. An overview of gang demographics is provided, & information ...presented on white supremacist & Islamist gangs, the largest prison gangs, & kinds of religious services provided behind bars. Attention turns to what correctional officials would recommend to make prisons safer vis-a-vis gangs & STGs. The Chi-square test statistic is used to examine factors behind gang weapons production, factors determining the occurrence of gang riots in prisons, factors determining the occurrence of race riots in prisons, & factors determining the occurrence of religious riots in prisons. 16 Tables, 58 References. J. Zendejas
