The OSCE is a reliable evaluation method to estimate the preclinical examination of dental students. The most ideal assessment for OSCE is used the augmented reality simulator to evaluate. This ...literature review investigated a recently developed in virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) starting of the dental history to the progress of the dental skill. As result of the lacking of technology, it needs to depend on other device increasing the success rate and decreasing the risk of the surgery. The development of tracking unit changed the surgical and educational way. Clinical surgery is based on mature education. VR and AR simultaneously affected the skill of the training lesson and navigation system. Widely, the VR and AR not only applied in the dental training lesson and surgery, but also improved all field in our life.
Currently, the only effective therapy for cirrhosis of the liver is liver transplantation. However, finding a compatible liver is difficult due to the low supply of healthy livers and the ...ever-increasing demand. However, stem-cell therapy may offer a solution for liver cirrhosis; for example, GXHPC1 therapy preparation contains adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and was developed for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. In our previous report, animal studies suggested that treatment of a diseased liver via GXHPC1 transplantation can abrogate liver fibrosis and facilitate recovery of liver function. In our current human trial, patients with liver cirrhosis were included. Their adipose tissue was harvested from the subcutaneous fat of the abdominal wall during surgery. AD-MSCs were cultured and suspended at a concentration of 100 million cells in 1 ml of physiological saline (i.e., GXHPC1). This human study passed the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration IND inspection and received Phase I clinical trial permission. The trial was conducted with six patients with liver cirrhosis to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of administering GXHPC1. Intrahepatic injection of GXHPC1 did not cause any safety issues in the analysis of adverse drug reactions and suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions, and showed a tendency for improvement of liver function, METAVIR score, Child–Pugh score, MELD score, and quality of life for patients with liver cirrhosis.
Background
Volume overload is frequently encountered and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationship between volume ...overload and adverse outcomes in CKD is not fully understood.
Methods and Results
A prospective cohort of 338 patients with stage 3 to 5 CKD was followed for a median of 2.1 years. The study participants were stratified by the presence or absence of volume overload, defined as an overhydration index assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy exceeding 7%, the 90th percentile for the healthy population. The primary outcome was the composite of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline ≥50% or end‐stage renal disease. The secondary outcome included a composite of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes. Animal models were used to simulate fluid retention observed in human CKD. We found that patients with volume overload were at a higher risk of the primary and secondary end points in the adjusted Cox models. Furthermore, overhydration appears to be more important than hypertension in predicting an elevated risk. In rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and a high‐salt diet, the extracellular water significantly increased. This fluid retention was associated with an increase in blood pressure, proteinuria, renal inflammation with macrophage infiltration and tumor necrosis factor‐α overexpression, glomerular sclerosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Diuretic treatment with indapamide attenuated these changes, suggesting that fluid retention might play a role in the development of adverse outcomes.
Conclusions
Volume overload contributes to CKD progression and cardiovascular diseases. Further research is warranted to clarify whether the correction of volume overload would improve outcomes for CKD patients.
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is associated with dental caries. Pilocarpine, a salivary stimulant, can improve the amount and flow rate of saliva in patients with pSS. This study aimed to assess ...whether the risk of dental caries decreases with the use of pilocarpine in patients with pSS.
For this prospective cohort study, we identified pSS patients from the catastrophic illnesses registry of the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 2009 and 2013. We divided participants into pilocarpine and non-user groups based on the pilocarpine prescriptions available during the first 3-month follow-up. The primary endpoint was dental caries. The secondary endpoints were periodontitis and oral candidiasis. We compared the risk of these oral manifestations using the Cox proportional hazard model.
A total of 4973 patients with new-onset pSS were eligible for analysis. After propensity score matching, we included 1014 patients in the pilocarpine group and 2028 patients in the non-user group. During the mean follow-up of 2.6 years, the number of events was 487 in the pilocarpine group (48.0%) and 1047 in the non-user group (51.6%); however, the difference was not significant (hazard ratio HR 0.93, 95% confidence interval CI 0.82 to 1.06). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between groups regarding risk of periodontitis (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.03) and oral candidiasis (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.94).
Pilocarpine may have no protective effect on dental caries, periodontitis, or oral candidiasis in patients with pSS.
Abstract
Background
During autophagy defense against invading microbes, certain lipid types are indispensable for generating specialized membrane-bound organelles. The lipid composition of ...autophagosomes remains obscure, as does the issue of how specific lipids and lipid-associated enzymes participate in autophagosome formation and maturation.
Helicobacter pylori
is auxotrophic for cholesterol and converts cholesterol to cholesteryl glucoside derivatives, including cholesteryl 6ʹ-
O
-acyl-α
-d-
glucoside (CAG). We investigated how CAG and its biosynthetic acyltransferase assist
H. pylori
to escape host-cell autophagy.
Methods
We applied a metabolite-tagging method to obtain fluorophore-containing cholesteryl glucosides that were utilized to understand their intracellular locations.
H. pylori
26695 and a cholesteryl glucosyltransferase (CGT)-deletion mutant (ΔCGT) were used as the standard strain and the negative control that contains no cholesterol-derived metabolites, respectively. Bacterial internalization and several autophagy-related assays were conducted to unravel the possible mechanism that
H. pylori
develops to hijack the host-cell autophagy response. Subcellular fractions of
H. pylori-
infected AGS cells were obtained and measured for the acyltransferase activity.
Results
The imaging studies of fluorophore-labeled cholesteryl glucosides pinpointed their intracellular localization in AGS cells. The result indicated that CAG enhances the internalization of
H. pylori
in AGS cells. Particularly, CAG, instead of CG and CPG, is able to augment the autophagy response induced by
H. pylori.
How CAG participates in the autophagy process is multifaceted. CAG was found to intervene in the degradation of autophagosomes and reduce lysosomal biogenesis, supporting the idea that intracellular
H. pylori
is harbored by autophago-lysosomes in favor of the bacterial survival. Furthermore, we performed the enzyme activity assay of subcellular fractions of
H. pylori
-infected AGS cells. The analysis showed that the acyltransferase is mainly distributed in autophago-lysosomal compartments.
Conclusions
Our results support the idea that the acyltransferase is mainly distributed in the subcellular compartment consisting of autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, in which the acidic environment is beneficial for the maximal acyltransferase activity. The resulting elevated level of CAG can facilitate bacterial internalization, interfere with the autophagy flux, and causes reduced lysosomal biogenesis.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor gene, that has been frequently deactivated in many types of cancer. However, its molecular and clinical relevance in oral squamous cell carcinoma ...(OSCC) remain unclear. Here we show that, PP2A deactivation is a common event in oral cancer cells and hyperphosphorylation in its tyrosine‐307 (Y307) residue contributes to PP2A deactivation. PP2A restoration by FTY720 treatment reduced cell growth and decreased GSK‐3β phosphorylation without significantly altering other PP2A targets. We further detected PP2A phosphorylation in 262 OSCC tissues. Increased expression of p‐PP2A in the tumor tissues was significantly correlated with higher N2/N3‐stage (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.2–3.8). Patients with high p‐PP2A expression had lower overall survival rates than those with low expression. Hazard ratio analysis showed that, high p‐PP2A expression was significantly associated with mortality density (aOR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2–4.0) and lower 10‐year overall survival (p = 0.027) in lymph node metastasis. However, no interaction was observed between p‐PP2A expression and lymph node metastasis. All our results suggest that PP2A is frequently deactivated in oral cancer and determines poor outcome, restoring its expression by FTY720 can be an alternative therapeutic approach in OSCC.
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor gene, that has been frequently deactivated in many types of cancer. However, its molecular and clinical relevance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. All our results suggest that PP2A is frequently deactivated in oral cancer and determines poor outcome, restoring its expression by FTY720 can be an alternative therapeutic approach in OSCC.
High-dose intravenous iron supplementation is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CKD, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Our study investigated the causative role ...of iron sucrose in leukocyte-endothelium interactions, an index of early atherogenesis, and subsequent atherosclerosis in the mouse remnant kidney model. We found that expression levels of intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and adhesion of U937 cells increased in iron-treated human aortic endothelial cells through upregulated NADPH oxidase (NOx) and NF-κB signaling. We then measured mononuclear-endothelial adhesion and atherosclerotic lesions of the proximal aorta in male C57BL/6 mice with subtotal nephrectomy, male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice with uninephrectomy, and sham-operated mice subjected to saline or parenteral iron loading. Iron sucrose significantly increased tissue superoxide production, expression of tissue cell adhesion molecules, and endothelial adhesiveness in mice with subtotal nephrectomy. Moreover, iron sucrose exacerbated atherosclerosis in the aorta of ApoE(-/-) mice with uninephrectomy. In patients with CKD, intravenous iron sucrose increased circulating mononuclear superoxide production, expression of soluble adhesion molecules, and mononuclear-endothelial adhesion compared with healthy subjects or untreated patients. In summary, iron sucrose aggravated endothelial dysfunction through NOx/NF-κB/CAM signaling, increased mononuclear-endothelial adhesion, and exacerbated atherosclerosis in mice with remnant kidneys. These results suggest a novel causative role for therapeutic iron in cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD.
The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is rising but HPV negative OPC is decreasing in Western countries. In Taiwan, the incidence of HPV negative OPC is ...common but the incidence of HPV positive OPC remains unknown. The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence trend and the survival of HPV positive OPC in Taiwan.
Between 1999 and 2014, primary tumor tissues from 425 incident OPCs were obtained from 5 medical centers in Taiwan. 408 OPCs were evaluated by the EasyChip HPV genotyping (King-Car, I-Lan, Taiwan) and 369 OPCs by p16 staining. The clinical data were retrospectively obtained from the medical records.
In our study, 29% of OPCs were HPV positive. The percentage of HPV positive OPC was stable from 1999 to 2014 (25% (1999-2002), 30% (2003-2006), 30% (2007-2010), 29% (2011-2014)). The estimated crude incidence rate of HPV positive OPC increased significantly from 0.62 (1999-2002), 1.06 (2003-2006), 1.52 (2007-2010) to 1.74 (2011-2014) per 100,000 person-year. The sensitivity and specificity of p16 staining for positive HPV infection were 92% and 91%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates for patients with HPV positive OPC and with HPV negative OPC were 67.8% and 49.0%, respectively (HR = 0.52 (0.35-0.76), p = 0.0005). Patients with HPV positive OPC but no betel nut/cigarette exposure had the best overall survival (5-year: 88.2%, p < 0.0001). Patients with HPV negative OPC and betel nut/cigarette exposure had the worst overall survival (5-year: 46.6%, p < 0.0001). Patients with HPV positive OPC but also with betel nut/cigarette exposure had poorer 5-year overall survival (48.3%, p < 0.01).
The incidence of HPV positive OPC is increasing along with HPV negative OPC, which leads to stably low percentage of HPV positive OPC in Taiwan. HPV positive OPC may become an important head and neck cancer when the incidence of HPV negative OPC declines in the near future. P16 is a useful surrogate marker for HPV infection in OPC and a good prognostic indicator for treatment outcome of OPC. Patients with HPV positive OPC but no betel nut/cigarette exposure has an excellent prognosis. Betel nut/cigarette exposure significantly worsens the prognosis of HPV positive OPC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the continuous development of society, the pressure of human beings is increasing, and the problem of psychological counseling for school students is getting more and more serious, which has ...brought great challenges to the education and management of school students. Universities should cultivate students’ professional ability on knowledge and practical skills; we should pay more attention to their psychological counseling and develop and design a simple and efficient learning environment. It is very necessary to establish a psychological evaluation system for college students. This article is based on the design and application of the mobile education information system for psychological education. It highlights that the current psychological counseling problems in school education are indispensable. To better manage the psychological counseling problems faced by many students, 67% of the students have many psychological problems, and the mental health of students in school education and psychological counseling have become the common concern and urgent problems of all college managers. This paper uses the methods of literature research, behavior interview, and experimental investigation to investigate the complementary relationship between the connotation of education and psychological counseling from the data of the fuzzy integral model of psychological counseling, so as to pay more attention to the students’ mental health problems and make the students grow up healthily. The experimental results of this article show that there is still a lot of room for improvement in the use of mobile education information systems to improve their ability to carry out psychological counseling work.
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