Uvod: Neustrezna obravnava bolečine pri obolelih za demenco je neposredno povezana s slabšim kognitivnim funkcioniranjem, izgubo komunikacijskih sposobnosti ter omejitvami pri izražanju bolečine. ...Namen prispevka je predstavitev znanstvenih dokazov s področja ocene bolečine pri obolelih za demenco.
Metode: Uporabljen je sistematični pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature, omejene na objave v angleščini, nemščini in slovenščini ter izdajo v časovnem obdobju 2007-2013. Izbor člankov je bil določen glede na naslednje kriterije: dostopnost, znanstvenost, vsebinska ustreznost in aktualnost. Podatki so bili po izboru obdelani s kvalitativno vsebinsko analizo.
Rezultati: Z vsebinsko analizo 16 znanstvenih besedil so podana temeljna izhodišča za oceno in obravnavo bolečine pri obolelih za demenco. Tako je bilo identificiranih pet vsebinskih kategorij: razlogi za bolečino, spremljajoči znaki, instrumenti za ugotavljanje bolečine, zdravstvena obravnava in vloga medicinske sestre.
Diskusija in zaključek: Priporoča se, da se ocena bolečine pri obolelih za demenco obravnava celostno v kontekstu vedenjskih motenj, funkcioniranja in življenjskih pogojev. Na podlagi izsledkov bi bilo potrebno za obolele za demenco uporabiti primeren instrumentarij, ki bo del standarda kakovostne obravnave, saj obstajajo omejitve v zvezi s preverjanjem v klinični praksi.
Uvod: Dosedanje raziskave kažejo, da je tvegano ali škodljivo uživanje alkohola med starostniki prisotno v obsegu med 5 % in 23 % te populacije. Z raziskavo smo želeli preučiti pojavnost uživanja ...alkohola v starosti v povezavi z demografskimi dejavniki, socialno vključenostjo in samooceno zdravja. Metode: Uporabljen je bil standardizirani vprašalnik Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric version (SMAST-G). Nenaključno so bili vključeni starostniki nad 65 let, živeči v domačem okolju, ki so razumeli besedilo. Podatke smo obdelali z opisno statistiko in testom hi-kvadrat. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da je med starostniki 30,0 % takšnih, ki imajo možne težave z alkoholom. Statistična značilnost večjega uživanja alkohola se je pokazala pri nižji izobrazbi (x2 = 12,255, p = 0,007) ter pri moškem spolu (x2 = 14,641, p < 0,001). Ugotovili smo statistično povezanost uživanja alkohola s samooceno zdravja (x2 = 12,085, p = 0,017) ter s posameznimi spremenljivkami socialne vključenosti, in sicer z oceno socialnih odnosov (x2 = 14,124, p< 0,001) in z (ne)obstojem osebnih ciljev za prihodnost (x2 = 12,156, p = 0,016). Diskusija in zaključek: Uživanje alkohola se pri starostnikih povezuje s slabšo kakovostjo socialnih odnosov in nižjo samooceno zdravja. Raziskava kaže na potrebo po zvišanju znanja starostnikov o vplivih uživanja alkohola na zdravje, na potrebo po njihovi integraciji v socialno okolje ter po nadaljnjem raziskovanju problema uživanja alkohola v starosti.
Introduction: Personality and behaviour disorders include enduring personality changes which cannot be attributed to brain injury or disease. Traumatic experiences can cause personality ...vulnerability. The research aimed to determine the characteristic enduring personality changes, the risk factors and the quality of life of patients living in their home environment. Methods: The field research is based on a quantitative method. The data were gathered through a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted n = 606 of patients (18.56 %) from the Central Slovenia region, aged between 20 and 92 years. The data were processed using descriptive statistics, the χ2 test, group classification and discriminant analysis. Results: The enduring personality changes are present in 9 % (n = 53) of the patients who tend to be older, with lesser educational attainment. Only a quarter of the enduring personality changes patients (n = 10) are receiving psychiatric treatment. Among the groups of patients with or without enduring personality changes statistically significant differences have been observed in relation to their past experiences with a traumatic event (p < 0.001), level of independence in the performance of the activities of daily living (p < 0.001), incidence rate of chronic pain (p = 0.002), social integration (p = 0.016), suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001) and incidence rate of comorbidity of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders (p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusion: Results of the study point to the share of enduring personality changes patients living at home in which the condition remains largely unrecognized, untreated and shadowed by other mental and physical health issues. Community nurses play a crucial role in timely recognition and detection of the changes and the patients' referral to multidisciplinary treatment. A national research project conducted by community nurses is needed to highlight the prevalence, treatment and good practice in the delivery of pertinent services.
Razglasitev pandemije covida-19 je 11. marca 2020 na svetovni ravni opozorila na resne zdravstvene posledice okužbe, še posebej pri najbolj ranljivih družbenih skupinah. V institucionalnem varstvu ...starostnikov je dnevno število okuženih in obolelih stanovalcev s covidom-19 izjemno hitro naraščalo. Starostniki pri tem niso bili vedno deležni bolnišnične obravnave, mnogi so ostajali v domski oskrbi in prejemali potrebno zdravstveno obravnavo. Standard obravnave obolelih s covidom-19 je med drugim zahteval oblikovanje rdeče in sive zone, kar je ponekod povzročalo hude težave zaradi prostorskih in kadrovskih primanjkljajev. Obstoječi resursi niso zadostili potrebam obravnave številnih obolelih starostnikov. Medicinske sestre in sodelavci v zdravstveni negi in oskrbi so bili izpostavljeni izjemnim delovnim obremenitvam ob visokem tveganju za okužbo njih samih, stanovalcev ter svojih bližnjih, kar je vplivalo na duševno zdravje strokovnih ekip. Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti pojavljanje anksioznosti in depresivnosti pri zaposlenih v institucionalnem varstvu med drugim valom epidemije okužb s covidom-19. V ta namen sva uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja s standardiziranima vprašalnikoma Patient Health Questionnaire 9 ali Vprašalnik o bolnikovem zdravju (PHQ 9), ki je presejalno orodje za depresivnost, in z vprašalnikom Generalized Anxiety Disorder ali Lestvico za oceno anksioznosti (GAD 7). Z dodatnimi vprašanji glede covida-19 sva pridobili subjektivno oceno zaznanih podpornih dejavnikov v delovnem okolju. Raziskava je potekala med 1. in 20. 12. 2020 v dveh enotah doma starostnikov v Osrednjeslovenski regiji. Ugotovili sva visoko stopnjo depresivnosti in anksioznosti pri zaposlenih, pri večjem številu pa tudi osebno izkušnjo s covidom-19, ali v obliki pozitivnega testa ali karantene. Bojazen zaposlenih, da bi okužili stanovalce ali svoje družinske člane, je bila tako močna pri kar dveh tretjinah vprašanih. V prihodnje bo potrebno razmisliti o strokovni pomoči zaposlenim in jih opolnomočiti z veščinami za obvladovanje stresa v delovnem okolju, kadar se znajdejo v izjemno obremenilnih situacijah.
Background: Obviously, a very high proportion of nursing home residents present with clinical signs of dementia, which aect the independence of the impaired individual. The purpose of the study is to ...determine the level of independence of the residents in performing basic life activities. Methods: The research included 233 residents of both genders with a clinical diagnosis of dementia, aged 65 years and over, who had resided in one of the four Ljubljana municipality nursing homes for at least one year prior to the begin of the study. The autonomy in carrying out 11 basic live activities was measured on a three-level scale and their cognitive skills by a quick test of cognitive abilities (KPSS). The data were processed by means of SPSS, ver. 13.0 and methods of descriptive statistics; chi-square test was used for the statistic argumentation of research questions. The level of statistical signicance was calculated at p = 0.05. Results: The study population sample showed a high cognitive decline measured on the KPSS scale, as 50.2 % of subjects in mid-stage reached 2411 points and 43.4 % of those in the late-stage reached 100 points on a 30-point scale. Only 6.4 % of the examined population in the early stage reached 2925 points. The signicant ndings may thus indicate a high overall entire dependency on the implementation of all 11 life activities (59.7 %74.2 %) on the three-level scale (1 being self-sufficient, 2 and 3 standing for partially dependent and entirely dependent, respectively). Conclusions: The examined nursing home residents in the sample, suering from dementia, show a high degree of dependency in performing basic life activities. The survey results so far present a starting point for the planning of programmes for increasing involvement of residents involvement in psychosocial activities through practical exercises of self-sufficiency in the implementation of basic life activities.
Duhovne potrebe starih ljudi v oskrbi Kobentar, Radojka; Roljić, Slavica; Blagojevič, Lilijana ...
Kakovostna Starost,
04/2023, Letnik:
26, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Pojem duhovnosti je večplasten in večdimenzionalen konstrukt, zato ga vedno razumemo v kontekstu človekovega življenja. Duhovnost je notranja potreba človeka, da na edinstven način izrazi doživljanje ...sebe v povezanosti s samim seboj, z drugimi ljudmi, naravo in zanj pomembnim svetim. Tako posameznik uskladi svojo osebnost z moralnimi in duhovnimi načeli, ki ga vodijo in usmerjajo na številnih življenjskih področjih. Namen naše raziskave je ocena potreb starejših po izražanju duhovnosti v procesu oskrbe. Uporabili smo kvantitativno neeksperimentalno metodo s standardiziranim vprašalnikom o duhovnih potrebah (Spiritual Needs Questionnaire-SpNQ 2.1). Raziskava je potekala v Osrednjeslovenski in Posavski regiji v obdobju med 1. 1. 2022 in 1. 3. 2022, pri stanovalcih domov za starejše in v domačem okolju. Pridobili smo 78 vprašalnikov. Rezultati kažejo, da je versko opredeljenost izrazilo 74,36 %, zanimanje za duhovnost je ugotovljeno pri 37,2 % deležu vprašanih. Izražena je močna do zelo močna potreba po povezanosti z družino (69,23 %), prepričanju o smiselnosti življenja (35,90 %) ter prenosu življenjskih izkušenj na nekoga (34,62 %). Starejši v oskrbi izražajo potrebo povezanosti z družino, ki predstavlja integracijo preteklega in sedanjega življenja s subjektivno oceno duhovnih vsebin. Življenje starejših ljudi pridobi smisel šele takrat, ko se lahko umirjeno ozrejo nazaj, na prehojeno pot in sprejmejo novo sedanjost kot ponujeno možnost za prihodnost.
The improper treatment of pain is directly associated with the impairment of cognitive functioning, the loss of communication skills as well as the reduction of the ability to express pain. Here, ...Kobentar presents the scientific evidence in the field of the assessment of pain in dementia patients. Systematic review of scientific and professional literature published from 2007-2013 and were limited to publications in the English, German and Slovenian language. The selection of the results was based on the following criteria: availability, scientific basis, contextual relevance and topicality of the source. Subsequently, the data were processed with the qualitative content analysis. The study suggested that the comprehensive approach be adopted in the assessment of pain in dementia patients within the context of behavioral problems, their functioning and living conditions. Based on the findings it would be necessary to adopt appropriate tools for the dementia patients as a part of the quality standard treatment due to limitations in verification within clinical practice.
Introduction: Research conducted to date indicates that from 5% to 23% of the elderly consume alcohol. The aim of the research was to examine the occurrence of alcohol consumption among the elderly ...in relation to demographic factors, social inclusion and relationships, and self-assessment of health. Methods: We used the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test--Geriatric version standardized questionnaire. The research included non-randomly selected elderly people above 65 years of age, who were living at home and could understand the text. The data was processed with the descriptive analysis and chisquare test. Results: The research found that 30.0% of the elderly have potential alcohol problems. Statistical significance was revealed in lower education and drinking (x2 = 12.255, p = 0.007), and male gender and drinking (x2 = 14.641, p < 0.001). We established a statistical correlation between the self-assessment of health and drinking (x2 = 12.085, p = 0.017), with assessment of social relationships (x2 = 14.124, p < 0.001) and with (non-)existence of future personal aims (x2 = 12.156, p = 0.016). Discussion and conclusion: Alcohol consumption among the elderly is related to poorer quality of social relationships and self-assessment of health. The research reveals the need to increase the knowledge of the elderly regarding alcohol consumption, their integration into social environments, and further research of the problem of alcohol consumption among the elderly. Alcohol consumption among the elderly is related to poorer quality of social relationships and self-assessment of health. The research reveals the need to increase the knowledge of the elderly regarding alcohol consumption, their integration into social environments, and further research of the problem of alcohol consumption among the elderly.
Background:Obviously a very high proportion of nursing home residents exhibit the clinical signs of dementia, which affect the independence of the impaired individual. The purpose of the study is to ...determine the level of independence of the residents in performing basic life activities.Methods:The research examines 233 residents of both sexes, with a clinical diagnosis of dementia that are aged 65 years and over that have resided in one of the four Ljubljana municipality nursing homes for at least one year prior to the begin of the study. The autonomy in carrying out 11 basic live activities was measured on a three-level scale and their cognitive skills with a quick test of cognitive abilities (KPSS). The data was processed with SPSS, ver. 13.0 through methods of descriptive statistics, t-test for two independent samples and the variance analysis (ANOVA).Results:The examined population sample shows a high cognitive decline measured on the KPSS scale, as 50.2% of subjects in mid-stage reached ≤ 24-11 points and 43.4% of those in the late-stage reached ≤ 10-0 points in the scale (out of 30 in total). Those in the early stage reached ≤ 29-25 points in only 6.4 % of the examined population. The significant findings may thus indicate a high overall average depending on the implementation of all 11 life activities (x = 2.57) on the three-level scale (1 being self-sufficient, 2 and 3 standing for partially dependent and entirely dependent, respectively).Conclusions:The examined nursing home residents in the sample, suffering from dementia, show a high degree of dependency in performing basic life activities. The survey results so far present a starting point for the planning of programmes for increasing involvement of residents in psychosocial activities, through practical exercises in self-sufficiency through implementation of fundamental life activities.
Personality and behavior disorders include enduring personality changes which cannot be attributed to brain injury or disease. Traumatic experiences can cause personality vulnerability. The research ...aimed to determine the characteristic enduring personality changes, the risk factors and the quality of life of patients living in their home environment. The field research is based on a quantitative method. The data were gathered through a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted n = 606 of patients (18.56 %) from the Central Slovenia region, aged between 20 and 92 years. The data were processed using descriptive statistics, the x^sup 2^ test, group classification and discriminant analysis. The enduring personality changes are present in 9 % (n = 53) of the patients who tend to be older, with lesser educational attainment. Only a quarter of the enduring personality changes patients (n = 10) are receiving psychiatric treatment. Among the groups of patients with or without enduring personality changes statistically significant differences have been observed in relation to their past experiences with a traumatic event (p < 0.001), level of independence in the performance of the activities of daily living (p < 0.001), incidence rate of chronic pain (p = 0.002), social integration (p = 0.016), suicidal thoughts (p < 0.001) and incidence rate of comorbidity of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders (p < 0.001). Results of the study point to the share of enduring personality changes patients living at home in which the condition remains largely unrecognized, untreated and shadowed by other mental and physical health issues. Community nurses play a crucial role in timely recognition and detection of the changes and the patients' referral to multidisciplinary treatment. A national research project conducted by community nurses is needed to highlight the prevalence, treatment and good practice in the delivery of pertinent services.
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