The paper discusses the activities of Mirislav Zanović, the leader of the pro-French political faction in the Bay of Kotor at the end of the 18th and the first years of the 19th century. This ...research indicates that the first reliable data on his pro-French orientation date back to the end of 1793. At that time, the general providor of Dalmatia, Alvize Marin, was warned about individuals in Boka, who were suspected of feeling sympathy towards the Revolution and its ideas. In October 1795, Mirislav tried to launch a rebellion, motivated by the ideas of brotherhood and freedom. This revolt was aimed at liberating certain areas on the border from Ottoman servitude. It was quelled, while Mirislav was kept in prison for some time, in Venice. He was released after the French conquered the city and sent to Budva to propagate the ideas of the Revolution and work to win over the local population. The paper also discusses its position during the first Austrian (1797–1805), Russian (1806–1807) and French (1807–1813) rule in Boka. Although the Austrian authorities harbored suspicion of Mirislav, he managed to survive thanks to the influence of his father, Count Antun Zanović, who was appointed manager of Budva. Mirislav found himself in the most difficult position during the Russian rule, when he spent some time in prison. He reached the peak of his rise in the political life of Boka during the French rule, when he was appointed to certain administrative positions in Budva. After France lost all illusions about the possibility of the survival of its government in Boka, Mirislav, thanks to good relations with Bishop Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, changed sides in 1813, denying any support to France. In the years that followed, Mirislav was relegated to the background. He spent a short time in prison in Dubrovnik, after which he was released, but was placed under surveillance by the Austrian authorities for the rest of his life.
This paper examines the position and actions of the Albanian population in certain sanjaks on the basis of published material of Venetian provenance. From the perspective of his position in ...Constantinople, Francesco Foscari, the Venetian ambassador (1757-1762) in the Ottoman Empire, followed with great interest the developments in connection with the actions of Albanians for several years, especially because their actions threatened to disrupt the Ottoman-Venetian relations. His correspondence is one of the major neo-Ottoman sources regarding the interests of Albanians and their relationship with the Ottoman authorities. This contemporary watched the events from the perspective of a man whose education, beliefs and manners did not belong to the Islamic (Ottoman) cultural sphere, which added credibility to his reports. The reports of Francesco Foscari are kept at the State Archive in Venice (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) and were published in 2007 due to the efforts of the publishing house La Malcontenta and editor Filippo Maria Paladini.
Introduction/Objective. The objective of the paper is to assess the applicability of serum anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies IgA and IgG concentration and HLA-DQ2/DQ8 typing as a ...non-invasive alternative to duodenal biopsy in diagnosing celiac disease (CD) in pediatric population. Methods. A prospective cohort study included a total of 179 pediatric patients aged 1?18 years. Determination of tTG IgA and tTG IgG antibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8 typing was performed for all patients. Histology of duodenal biopsies was interpreted by the modified Marsh scoring system. Results. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed in 101 (56%) patients of the studied population. In cases of CD, HLA-DQ2/DQ8 was positive in 100 patients (99%). The tTG IgA antibodies in concentration higher than 100 U/ml were detected in 77 (76.2%) of the CD patients and in significantly smaller number for tTG IgG 29 (28.7%) (p < 0.001). Statistically highly significant association of duodenal lesions Marsh grade 3 with concentration of tTG IgA 10-fold higher than the upper level of normal (ULN) was established (p < 0.001) Conclusion. Concentration of tTG IgA 10-fold higher than ULN is significantly positively correlated with Marsh grade 3 histopathology findings. Specific antibodies determination in combination with HLA-DQ2/ DQ8 typing proves to be sufficient for a diagnosis of CD, supporting the fact that duodenal biopsy may be avoided in a significant majority of patients ? 75%.
Istraživanje se bavi odnosom Velike Britanije prema mletačkom tržištu tokom 1713. i 1714,obeleženih pregovorima vođenim u Utrehtu i Raštatu. U radu je korišćena građa iz Nacionalnogarhiva u Londonu ...(The National Archves at Kew Gardens, London). Značaj istraživanja ležiu činjenici da odnosi dve države nisu među istoriačrima prošlih generacija privlačili pažnju,čime se nije mnogo odmaklo u njihovom rasvetljavanju.
This paper was primarily based on correspondence of Marco Foscari IV, member of respectable patrician family who served from 1789 to 1792 as Captain Raspa of a small fortress in Istria. His ...correspondence with close friends discloses opportunities in Venice, as well as events related to its nightlife in which the theatre, along with opera, played the dominant role. Its focus is research on influence of French Revolution on Venetian theatre and opera. In search for micro level of analysis, authors put their focus on local perspective on French-Italian relations, and their influence on opera. Therefore, authors singled out one interesting event which sparked great public attention in Venice – debates and process of the construction of a new theatre in the San Fantino, sestiere de San Marco, theatre La Fenice. At the time of prohibition of the public and private gatherings, in early 1790s, in this paper authors analysed position of opera.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mediation of Robert Sutton during the Passarowitz Peace Conference in 1718 has confirmed the Britain’s new role in international relations. At the same time France approached Britain, confirming a ...new course of its foreign policy. However, such approaching threatened to spoil relations between Britain and Austria. From the last decades of the seventeenth century, British alliance with Austria was highly significant, and therefore as the mediator in peace talks between Austria and Turkey was elected Robert Sutton, already experienced as British Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte. Britain expected that both sides will take into account his diplomatic experience and political credibility. His role turned out to become additionally significant within highly complicated international circumstances. Particularly concerned with the Russian military involvement in the area of Mecklenburg and the strengthening of Russia in the Baltic, as well as with renewed ambitions of Spain in Italy, British government sought to simultaneously control and speed up the Passarowitz peace negotiations.
The paper discusses the Catholic Reform as a period of change in the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th and 17th centuries, which opposed the Reformation, and which contained a symbiosis of religion ...and politics. On the path of consolidation, the Roman Catholic Church did not opt for a gospel approach, and therefore implemented a significant part of its measures precisely through political means, which were sometimes aggressive and at times sophisticated. Significant aspects of the Reform were closer to political action than internal reconstruction and reorganization, with such measures the Roman Catholic Church sought to consolidate and protect against Protestantism.
The crisis which at the beginning of the 18th century caught Persia strengthened the aspirations of its neighbors, Russia and the Ottoman Empire, in regard to certain parts of its territory. The ...ascent of Persia in the era of Safavid contributed to the production of raw silk, which made it a major exporter of raw and processed silks of the finest quality. This was the main reason why some European countries (England, France and the Netherlands) established permanent diplomatic and trade relations with Persia. With several decades of delay, a new competitor appeared in that field, Russia, which in the middle of the 17th century was seriously interested in joining this trade, but by its own model. The British East India Company, which opened the factories in the most important centers of silk production, established by the benefits it gained a certain degree of monopoly on its exports directly from the territory of Persia. Although in certain periods the Porte was leading a protectionist policy to ban the export of Persian Silk through its territories, it did not succeed in it precisely because of the demand of the European market for the merchandise. Silk and raw yarn exported from Persia to the Ottoman Empire became the object of the trade of European Levant companies (English, French, and Dutch). The interests which the European trading companies placed in the course of events in the Ottoman Empire and in Persia took on the mark of serious diplomatic activities, which used various means to achieve political pressure. The initial phase of the disintegration of the Safavid state found its place in British diplomatic sources. The significance of these archival sources can be seen in the fact that they offer a different point of view it shows the realities in Persia in the period from 1721 to 1723, while presenting plenty of new data. The British diplomatic mission in the Ottoman Empire, led by Ambassador Abraham Stanyan, had a series of justifications to monitor developments in the Caspian and Caucasus regions, fearing that they would influence the fall of the British exchange with those areas. Due to the ambitions of Russia to divert to its territory parts of the trade route where the exchange of silk took place, the Levant Company would have become the most damaged side, which additionally influenced Stanyan to engage in the defense of British trade interests. Diplomacy, as a rule, played a role in normalizing relations in Persia, but its mechanisms of pressure, which it employed, proved insufficiently strong to prevent the Russian army from attacking Dagestan and Georgia, as well as the breakthrough of the Ottoman army in Persia. Attempting to neutralize the actions of French Ambassador Marquise de Bonacca, Stanyan sought to closely monitor developments in Persia and respond in a timely manner. In doing so, he was aided by the privileged position in the diplomatic corps in Istanbul, which British diplomats gained in successful mediation during the negotiations in Sremski Karlovci in 1699 and Požarevac in 1718, which was contrary to the principles of Russian diplomacy, which did not trust the Great Britain and its representatives in the Ottoman state and Persia.
Do vremena Fazil Ahmed-paše Ćuprilića (1661-1676) komunikacija Porte s drugim državama stekla je formu, koja je ostala na snazi do perioda reformi (tanzimata). Rad je zasnovan na građi iz ...Historijskog arhiva u Dubrovniku (HAD), koja je poređena sa objavljenim zbirkama dokumenata i onovremenim istorijama i putopisima. Svrha istraživanja je da ukaže na momente, koji su tretman dubrovačkih poslanika činili drugačijim od prijema ambasadora evropskih država (Engleske, Francuske i dr.).
In the last decades of the eighteenth century, the Porte endeavoured to preserve the control over the territory endangered by the particularistic tendencies of the provincial administrators, which ...marked the period of Ottomans history known as period of ayans. Mahmud-pasha Bušatlija (1779-1796), who at certain moments managed to establish independent power in the Sanjak of Scutari, belonged to this milieu. The Venetian and French sources provide a new light in interpreting the position and behaviour of Sanjak-bey of Scutari Mahmud-pasha Bušatlija. Aware of the position in which the Ottoman state found itself, he subordinated the Sultan's interests to the regional, trying to establish an independent authority in the relation to the Porte in the area that was entrusted to him. In this, he was helped by the occurrence that was happening in Europe, in which relations were shaken by the consequences of the French revolution. In that period, the Ottoman state was confronted with the intentions of Austria and Russia to reduce its territory in the Balkans, but also by the rebellions in the eastern provinces, which was the by-product of the rise of the new ruling dynasty in Persia. However, the strengthening of the movement of Ali-pasha, another Albanian rebel, which, as time will show, was much more serious and with deeper consequences on the international plane, the hands of the Porte remained tied in the final settlement with the Scutari Sanjak-bey, which for the second time offered him forgiveness in 1795. The choice of the priorities that needed to be resolved certainly influenced the Porte's decision at a time when a much greater danger to the Ottoman state came from the surrounding of Edirne, where the Ali Pasha Tepeleni movement was strengthened, and also from Russia, which sought to obtain the epithet of the Mediterranean force by opening the Straits and through occupation of maritime bases in the Mediterranean.
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