Purpose
Incisional hernia is a major complication after stoma closure and can cause uncomfortable symptoms. In this study, we evaluated the risk factors for hernia formation with the aim of reducing ...the incidence of incisional hernia.
Methods
A total of 134 oncology patients underwent closure of a temporary loop ileostomy between May 2004 and December 2013. The incidence of incisional hernia was determined by routine follow-up computed tomography scanning every 6 months. The relationships between patients’ characteristics, including age, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, surgical site infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, smoking, and presence of a midline hernia and the occurrence of incisional hernia were retrospectively evaluated.
Results
The median follow-up time was 47 months (range 8–130). Hernias occurred in 23.9% of patients (32/134). The median time to detection of hernias was 8 months (range 2–39). The Chi-squared test revealed significant differences in obesity (
P
= 0.0003), hypertension (
P
= 0.0057), and incisional hernia history (
P
= 0.0000) between patients with and without incisional hernia. Multivariable analysis and univariate analysis revealed that hypertension and the presence of midline incisional hernia were risk factors for incisional hernia.
Conclusions
Hypertension and the presence of a midline incisional hernia were the major risk factors for incisional hernia after loop ileostomy closure. These risk factors can be addressed before planning surgery.
Thirty-seven chemical components of commercial sunscreen lotions were evaluated for estrogen agonistic and/or antagonistic activity using two in vitro assays, (1) an ELISA-based estrogen receptor ...competitive binding assay (ER-ELISA) and (2) a modified yeast two-hybrid estrogen assay, with and without addition of a rat liver preparation, S9 mix. Eleven compounds, most of which were benzophenone derivatives and parabens, showed binding affinity to ER by ER-ELISA without S9 mix. Although the activities of almost all of the compounds were attenuated by addition of S9 mix, 4-octylphenylsalicylate and 2,2′-dihydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone acquired estrogenic activity, suggesting metabolic activation of these compounds. Two benzophenones showed agonistic activity in the yeast two-hybrid assay without S9 mix. The activity of one of these was reduced by S9 treatment and a further two benzophenones was activated. Eight parabens were active in this assay without S9 exposure, but their activities were eliminated by S9 treatment. Benzophenones with
para-phenolic hydroxyl groups and parabens with branched and/or longer linear chains were generally more potent in both bioassays. In addition, weak antagonistic activity of 4-
t-butylphenyl-salicylate, 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate and (±)-α-tocopherolacetate was observed with S9 treatment. In vivo testing of the compounds reported here to have estrogen agonistic and antagonistic activities is required to confirm their effects at an organismal level.
We have developed the crack-line-update method for two-dimensional piercing simulations by a finite element method. This method is combined with a remeshing process involving an outer line and ...meshing. By using the crack-line-update method, crack lines, which are derived from a stress and strain analysis of the high-damage regions, are added to the outer line in every remeshing step. In this paper, we compare the simulations between the mesh deletion and crack-line-update methods. The crack-line-update method successfully simulated the arresting of cracks during the piercing process, whereas the mesh deletion method could not express such fracture behavior.
Since p63-deficient mice display severe defects in formation of epidermis, p63 has been considered to be a multi-isoform p53 family member essential for epidermal development. However, it is still ...unclear how p63 could contribute to keratinocyte differentiation. In the present study, we have found that TAp63alpha is induced in association with the upregulation and a secretion of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) during the keratinocyte differentiation of HaCaT cells bearing p53 mutation. Short interference RNA-mediated knockdown of the endogenous TAp63 resulted in a remarkable reduction of GDF15. Luciferase reporter assay and reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated that enforced expression of TAp63alpha significantly increases the luciferase activity driven by GDF15 promoter and the expression of GDF15. Consistent with these results, the proximal p53/p63-binding site within the GDF15 promoter region was required for the TAp63alpha-mediated transcriptional activation of GDF15, and TAp63alpha was recruited onto this site. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the endogenous GDF15 permitted cell growth and inhibited the expression of the differentiation markers such as keratin 10 and involucrin in response to differentiation stimuli. Taken together, our present results provide a novel insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind TAp63alpha-mediated keratinocyte differentiation.
I kappa B kinase (IKK) complex plays an important role in the regulation of signaling pathway that activates nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappaB). Recently, we reported that cisplatin (CDDP) treatment ...causes a remarkable nuclear accumulation of IKK-alpha in association with stabilization and activation of p73. However, underlying mechanisms of CDDP-induced nuclear accumulation of IKK-alpha are elusive. Here, we found that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is one of upstream mediators of IKK-alpha during CDDP-induced apoptosis. In response to CDDP, ATM was phosphorylated at Ser-1981, which was accompanied with nuclear accumulation of IKK-alpha in HepG2 cells, whereas CDDP treatment had undetectable effects on IKK-alpha in ATM-deficient cells. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that phosphorylated form of ATM colocalizes with nuclear IKK-alpha in response to CDDP. In vitro kinase assay indicated that ATM phosphorylates IKK-alpha at Ser-473. Moreover, IKK-alpha-deficient MEFs displayed CDDP-resistant phenotype as compared with wild-type MEFs. Taken together, our present results suggest that ATM-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear IKK-alpha, which stabilizes p73, is one of the main apoptotic pathways in response to CDDP.
In order to estimate the effectiveness of mesogenic structure on the spontaneous homeotropic orientation of side-chain type liquid crystalline dendrimers, five mesogens, 4′-methoxybiphenyl (PPO1), ...4-methoxyphenyl benzoate (BPO1), trans-4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)phenyl (PC5), 4′-fluorobiphenyl (PPF), and 3′,4′,5′-trifluorobiphenyl (PPF
3
), were introduced to the terminal amino groups of a second-generation polypropyleneimine dendrimer. Among them, the PC5 mesogen exhibited superior homeotropic orientation during the slow cooling process from the isotropic melt. Using the PC5 mesogen, the effect of the spacer length (n) was also examined. Homeotropic orientation was observed only for n = 3 and 6, which exhibited a stable smectic A phase in a wide temperature range.
The full‐length of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) complementary (c)DNAs encoded by igf‐I and igf‐II from torafugu pufferfish Takifugu rubripes were cloned in the present study. The deduced amino ...acid sequences of the two genes showed c. 80% identity each with those of Igf‐I and Igf‐II from other teleosts, respectively. Two growth hormone (GH) receptors, ghr1 and ghr2, were also cloned in silico using the T. rubripes Fugu genome database. The transcripts of T. rubripes igf‐I were detected in slow muscle, heart, skin, gill, liver and intestine but not in fast muscle, spleen and testis of adult fish, whereas those of igf‐II were found in all tissues examined. Subsequently, the accumulated messenger (m)RNA levels of igf‐I and igf‐II were investigated in an F2 population derived from a male of an apparent fast‐growing T. rubripes strain and a wild female T. rubripes together with those of other growth‐related genes encoding Gh, Ghr1 and Ghr2, and with those of prolactin (Prl) and leptin (Lep) previously reported. The accumulated mRNA levels of igf‐I, gh and ghr1 were significantly correlated to growth rate at larval stages in the population, but not for those of igf‐II, prl, ghr2 and lep. Although it is unclear whether or not this phenotype is directly related to the heredity of the fast‐growing strain, the findings suggest that the expression of igf‐I, gh and ghr1 is involved in the regulation of growth rate at larval stages in T. rubripes.
When a static magnetic field was applied to a Si droplet levitated by an electromagnetic force, only one peak was observed to remain in the frequency spectrum. It was the objective of this work to ...clarify whether this peak can be assigned to the
m
=
±
2 oscillation or to the rotation of the droplet. By analyzing the behavior of the deflection angle of the droplet in a top view, we conclude that this peak is not due to the surface oscillation of the droplet but to the droplet rotation.
We have already reported that the homogenate of the A/J mouse thymus shows a high sialidase activity at the neutral pH region and that in both soluble and membrane fractions optimal pH was 6.5-7 ...(Kijimoto-Ochiai et al., Glycoconj. J., 20:375-384, 2004). In the present study, we investigated the level of sialidase activities in the thymus of the SM/J mouse, a mouse strain that we know to have a Neu1a allele that reveals a low level of sialidase activity in the liver. We found that while in the A/J thymus the soluble sialidase activity at pH 6.5 was high, the SM/J thymus lacked all such activity. A QTL analysis of SMXA recombinant inbred strains showed that soluble sialidase activity correlated well with the D1Mit8/9 marker on chromosome 1. The murine whole DNA-sequence data and the results of our FISH analysis (Kotani et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 286:250-258, 2001) showed that this location is consistent with the position of Neu2 gene. We confirmed that it is hard to detect the Neu2 enzyme of the SM/J mouse thymus by an anti-Neu2 antibody using a Western blot analysis. We also found that while the mRNA expression of Neu2 was quite normal in the SM/J mouse liver, it was very low in the SM/J mouse thymus. We therefore conclude that the lack of soluble sialidase activity in the SM/J mouse thymus is due to the thymus-specific low expression level of the Neu2 gene. We have previously shown that the sialidase positive cell which contains the Mac-1 and immunoglobulin, and which is located sparsely in the corticomedullar region or medullary region of the A/J mouse thymus (Kijimoto-Ochiai et al., Glycoconj. J., 20:375-384, 2004). We showed now in this paper that the detection of this cell in the SM/J mouse thymus at pH 7.0 was difficult. We propose, therefore, to name the cell “Neu-medullocyte”.
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