Recommissioning of JYFLTRAP at the new IGISOL-4 facility Kolhinen, V.S.; Eronen, T.; Gorelov, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms,
12/2013, Letnik:
317, Številka:
Part B
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•The JYFLTRAP system has been moved to a new location and commissioned.•The line between RFQ and the Penning traps allows implementation of extra devices.•The RFQ cooler/buncher and both Penning ...traps are operational.•The buffer-gas cooling method and the excitations in the purification trap works.•TOF-ICR technique in the precision trap works. A resonance picture shown.
The JYFLTRAP double Penning-trap system was moved to a new location along with the Ion Guide Isotope Separator On-line (IGISOL) facility at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyväskylä. The move made it possible to upgrade various parts of the facility. For example, separate beam lines for JYFLTRAP and the collinear laser spectroscopy station were constructed after the radio-frequency quadrupole cooler and buncher. In this contribution we give an overview of the new JYFLTRAP facility and results from the first stable ion-beam tests.
The aim of the present study was to identify reasons why cardiac patients do not follow nutritional advice which is given during rehabilitation. Barriers or expected problems in nutritional advice ...perceived during rehabilitation were obtained via a structured interview. Forty-eight cardiac patients (41-82 years; 15 females, 33 males) were interviewed during rehabilitation. The majority of patients (54%) reported one or more barriers. The most frequently reported barriers were associated with situations in which the patients were eating in company (52%), or in which there was too much food available (44%). Another common reason for non-compliance was that healthy foods did not taste good (42%). On the other hand, barriers were seldom associated with disinterest (4%) or lack of knowledge (4%). These results indicate that non-compliance in nutritional counselling may be associated with emotional responses related to eating and with lack of social skills to manage eating in social situations.
The focus of this study was to describe changes the patients make in eating and weight control habits 3–4 months after diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and to identify difficulties associated with ...the reported changes 1 month later. Subjects were 50 male patients (mean age 48 years, mean body mass index 27.9
kg/m
2) participating in an in-patient cardiac rehabilitation programme. The changes were assessed with a questionnaire (46 items) at the beginning of the rehabilitation programme and 4 days food diaries were used to assess the diet at home. Difficulties were assessed with a questionnaire (34 items) 1 month later. Nearly all patients (96%) had changed their habits after myocardial infarction. The majority of the patients (76%) reported that they had consumed foods containing less fat and many of them anticipated difficulties to eat healthily at workplace. More attention could be paid to self-change without the assistance of formal treatment among patients with cardiac disease.
To study barriers in following nutritional advice among coronary heart disease patients in relation to dietary fat intake.
A cross-sectional study using 4-day food records and a questionnaire with ...regard to barriers to or difficulties in following dietary advice.
Altogether, 362 male subjects with coronary heart disease from two separate patient populations (91 + 271) were included in the study, with the mean age of 50 years and 60 years, respectively. The patients were classified into low (< or = 30 E%) or high (> 30 E%) fat intake groups. The patients with low dietary fat intake obtained on an average 10 E% less energy from fat as compared to the high dietary fat intake group.
Overall, most patients with coronary heart disease reported difficulties in following nutritional advice when eating in social situations. Patients with high dietary fat intake reported more frequently than patients with low fat intake that they eat like other people without thinking about what they eat. On the other hand, there were no differences between the high and low fat intake groups in the barriers: eating at work, food price, shopping, taste or knowledge of nutrition.
Our results suggest that the sensitivity to social influence is an important factor explaining noncompliance with dietary advice among patients with high dietary fat intake.
Nutrition education is an important part of cardiac rehabilitation. The association of demographic factors with obstacles reported by patients receiving nutrition counseling as a part of cardiac ...rehabilitation are described.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Cerebral small vessel disease is characterized by a wide range of focal and global brain changes. We used a magnetic resonance imaging segmentation tool to quantify multiple ...types of small vessel disease–related brain changes and examined their individual and combined predictive value on cognitive and functional abilities.
METHODS—Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 560 older individuals from LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability Study) were analyzed using automated atlas- and convolutional neural network–based segmentation methods yielding volumetric measures of white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, chronic cortical infarcts, and global and regional brain atrophy. The subjects were followed up with annual neuropsychological examinations for 3 years and evaluation of instrumental activities of daily living for 7 years.
RESULTS—The strongest predictors of cognitive performance and functional outcome over time were the total volumes of white matter hyperintensities, gray matter, and hippocampi (P<0.001 for global cognitive function, processing speed, executive functions, and memory and P<0.001 for poor functional outcome). Volumes of lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, and cortical infarcts were significantly associated with part of the outcome measures, but their contribution was weaker. In a multivariable linear mixed model, volumes of white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, gray matter, and hippocampi remained as independent predictors of cognitive impairment. A combined measure of these markers based on Z scores strongly predicted cognitive and functional outcomes (P<0.001) even above the contribution of the individual brain changes.
CONCLUSIONS—Global burden of small vessel disease–related brain changes as quantified by an image segmentation tool is a powerful predictor of long-term cognitive decline and functional disability. A combined measure of white matter hyperintensities, lacunar, gray matter, and hippocampal volumes could be used as an imaging marker associated with vascular cognitive impairment.
We introduce an optimised pipeline for multi-atlas brain MRI segmentation. Both accuracy and speed of segmentation are considered. We study different similarity measures used in non-rigid ...registration. We show that intensity differences for intensity normalised images can be used instead of standard normalised mutual information in registration without compromising the accuracy but leading to threefold decrease in the computation time. We study and validate also different methods for atlas selection. Finally, we propose two new approaches for combining multi-atlas segmentation and intensity modelling based on segmentation using expectation maximisation (EM) and optimisation via graph cuts. The segmentation pipeline is evaluated with two data cohorts: IBSR data (N=18, six subcortial structures: thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala) and ADNI data (N=60, hippocampus). The average similarity index between automatically and manually generated volumes was 0.849 (IBSR, six subcortical structures) and 0.880 (ADNI, hippocampus). The correlation coefficient for hippocampal volumes was 0.95 with the ADNI data. The computation time using a standard multicore PC computer was about 3–4 min. Our results compare favourably with other recently published results.
The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) was a multicenter randomized controlled trial that reported beneficial effects on cognition for a ...2-year multimodal intervention (diet, exercise, cognitive training, vascular risk monitoring) versus control (general health advice). This study reports exploratory analyses of brain MRI measures.
FINGER targeted 1260 older individuals from the general Finnish population. Participants were 60-77 years old, at increased risk for dementia but without dementia/substantial cognitive impairment. Brain MRI scans were available for 132 participants (68 intervention, 64 control) at baseline and 112 participants (59 intervention, 53 control) at 2 years. MRI measures included regional brain volumes, cortical thickness, and white matter lesion (WML) volume. Cognition was assessed at baseline and 1- and 2-year visits using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. We investigated the (1) differences between the intervention and control groups in change in MRI outcomes (FreeSurfer 5.3) and (2) post hoc sub-group analyses of intervention effects on cognition in participants with more versus less pronounced structural brain changes at baseline (mixed-effects regression models, Stata 12).
No significant differences between the intervention and control groups were found on the changes in MRI measures. Beneficial intervention effects on processing speed were more pronounced in individuals with higher baseline cortical thickness in Alzheimer's disease signature areas (composite measure of entorhinal, inferior and middle temporal, and fusiform regions). The randomization group × time × cortical thickness interaction coefficient was 0.198 (p = 0.021). A similar trend was observed for higher hippocampal volume (group × time × hippocampus volume interaction coefficient 0.1149, p = 0.085).
The FINGER MRI exploratory sub-study did not show significant differences between the intervention and control groups on changes in regional brain volumes, regional cortical thicknesses, or WML volume after 2 years in at-risk elderly without substantial impairment. The cognitive benefits on processing speed of the FINGER intervention may be more pronounced in individuals with fewer structural brain changes on MRI at baseline. This suggests that preventive strategies may be more effective if started early, before the occurrence of more pronounced structural brain changes.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01041989 . Registered January 5, 2010.
In this work, we perform a statistical study of magnetic field fluctuations in the solar wind at 1 au using permutation entropy and complexity analysis and the investigation of the temporal ...variations of the Hurst exponents. Slow and fast wind, magnetic clouds, interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME)-driven sheath regions, and slow–fast stream interaction regions (SIRs) have been investigated separately. Our key finding is that there are significant differences in permutation entropy and complexity values between the solar wind types at larger timescales and little difference at small timescales. Differences become more distinct with increasing timescales, suggesting that smaller-scale turbulent features are more universal. At larger timescales, the analysis method can be used to identify localised spatial structures. We found that, except in magnetic clouds, fluctuations are largely anti-persistent and that the Hurst exponents, in particular in compressive structures (sheaths and SIRs), exhibit a clear locality. Our results shows that, in all cases apart from magnetic clouds at the largest scales, solar wind fluctuations are stochastic, with the fast wind having the highest entropies and low complexities. Magnetic clouds, in turn, exhibit the lowest entropy and highest complexity, consistent with them being coherent structures in which the magnetic field components vary in an ordered manner. SIRs, slow wind and ICME sheaths are intermediate in relation to magnetic clouds and fast wind, reflecting the increasingly ordered structure. Our results also indicate that permutation entropy–complexity analysis is a useful tool for characterising the solar wind and investigating the nature of its fluctuations.
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