Abstract
Objective. To compare the efficacy of cabergoline (Cb2) and meloxicam in curbing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). ...Design. Randomized controlled, animal study. Setting. Academic facility. Sample. We used a total of 50 immature Wistar female rats randomly to create an experimental OHSS model. Methods. Ten rats each formed the control group and mild OHSS group. The remaining 30 were separated into three equal groups of severe OHSS. Mild and severe OHSS were induced through ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. One group with severe OHSS was administered a low-dose 100 μg/kg Cb2 therapy; another group with severe OHSS received 600 μg/kg meloxicam. Body weight, vascular permeability (VP), VEGF expression, ovary weight, and diameter were then compared. Main outcome measures. The efficacy of Cb2 and meloxicam for preventing OHSS. Results. Comparison of the severe OHSS groups with the controls and mild OHSS group revealed significant increases in VEGF expression, VP, ovary weight, and diameter. The increase in VEGF expression was demonstrated to be dependent on human chorionic gonadotropin doses. However, low-dose Cb2 and meloxicam therapies were shown to be ineffective in decreasing VEGF expression and VP, ovary weight, and ovary diameter in severe OHSS. Conclusions. VEGF elevation played a critical part in OHSS pathogenesis, but the therapies administered failed to curb VEGF expression.
Background The aim of this study was to determine the effects of doxycycline on renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in a rat model of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Materials and Methods ...Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups. In the control group (group 1), kidney samples were collected with no manipulation; in the sham group (group 2) induction of ACS was followed by decompression. In groups 3 and 4, 1cc of saline was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) during the induction of ACS, and the kidneys were removed 1 and 24h after decompression, respectively. In groups 5 and 6, doxycycline (10mg/kg i.p.) was injected during the induction of ACS, and similarly all tissue samples were removed 1 and 24h after decompression, respectively. MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 were studied, and the apoptotic cells were enumerated histopathologically, and apoptosis and bcl-2 expression were assessed immunohistochemically. Results Creatinine, MDA, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in group 3, 1h after the reperfusion period compared with the control group, and the same parameters were significantly lower in the groups in which doxycycline was administered, 1hour after decompression. However, there remained no difference between groups at 24h, except IL-1β, which was decreased to even lower values. TNF-α and TIMP-1 levels were not statistically different in all groups. The MMP-2 level was significantly higher in group 4 by 24h, and there remained no difference between groups 1, 2, and 6. In group 6, there were not any apoptotic cells as were observed in the other groups. The number of apoptotic cells and the expression of bcl-2 was significantly less in the groups in which doxycycline was administered. Conclusion Doxycycline had protective effects on I/R injury by decreasing apoptosis via reducing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increasing the level of TIMP-1, and inhibiting the activity of MMP-2.
The role of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a polypeptide containing 53 amino acids, on protection and repair of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was investigated in rats. In addition, the ...effects of EGF on the gastric damage were evaluated histopathologically. We used 48 Spraque-Dawley rats which were divided into corrected three groups as control rats, ethanol treated rats and ethanol+EGF treated rats. The ethanol group was given a gastric gavage containing 1 ml of 80% ethanol (v/v) prepared in distilled water. EGF (100 microg/kg) was given by intragastric gavage 30 min before the administration of ethanol. We studied histopathological evaluation and the histochemical heterogeneity of mast cells and its degree of degranulation. Besides, gastric tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), protein sulfhydryl groups (SH), and protein carbonyl levels were measured. EGF treatment stabilized mast cells degranulation and had lower polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) infiltration, ulcer index, histamine, and MDA; protein carbonyl levels were also lower, compared to the non-treated animals. EGF exerts a protective effect on gastric mucosa to ethanol-induced gastric injury probably through antioxidant and mast cell stabilizing mechanism.
Objective: Ischemia–reperfusion injury induces a systemic inflammatory response and production of reactive oxygen species, which potentially can be more detrimental than its local effects. Although ...the lung injury that is formed by the effects of ischemia–reperfusion injury on remote organs has been previously studied, no previous study that investigated the effects of pulmonary ischemia–reperfusion injury on remote organs has been considered. We hypothesized that the lung ischemia–reperfusion injury may cause the spread of inflammation to remote organs such as liver and heart. Methods: Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were subjected to either sham operation or lung ischemia–reperfusion injury in various periods of time (60 min ischemia–60 min reperfusion and 120 min ischemia–60 min reperfusion, respectively). Pulmonary, myocardial and hepatic myeloperoxidase, protein sulfhydryl, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and protein carbonyl levels were evaluated to show pulmonary, hepatic, and myocardial responses to lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. Results: Reperfusion after 60 min of lung ischemia led to increased myeloperoxidase and protein carbonyl levels and decreased protein sulfhydryl groups in pulmonary tissue, increased myeloperoxidase and decreased protein sulfhydryl groups in hepatic tissue, and increased myeloperoxidase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels in myocardial tissue. Reperfusion after 120 min of lung ischemia led to increased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in pulmonary tissue, increased protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in hepatic tissue, and decreased protein sulfhydryl groups in myocardial tissue. Conclusions: The data of the present study suggests that pulmonary ischemia–reperfusion induces liver and heart injury characterized by activated neutrophil sequestration and release of significant amounts of reactive oxygen species. The remote organ injury has to be kept in mind when performing a lung intervention or surgery and care should be taken to protect other organs remote from ischemia–reperfusion site.
Background and Design: Psoriasis is a multifactorial disease whose causal origin is unclear. Macrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIF)
seem pivotal in inflammation and immune response in ...psoriasis pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the serum MIF levels and MIF gene
polymorphism (rs755622 and rs1007888) in patients with psoriasis.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the association of serum MIF levels and MIF gene polymorphisms with psoriasis were investigated
among 100 patients in Turkey. Genotyping was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum MIF levels were evaluated by ELISA,
and the results were presented in ng/mL.
Results: The distribution of rs755622 genotype frequencies in the psoriasis group was: 75, 18, and 4 patients with CC, CG, and GG, respectively.
The distribution of rs1007888 genotype frequencies in the psoriasis group was: 22, 48, and 26 patients with AA, AG, and GG, respectively.
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the
mean serum MIF levels of psoriasis patients (3.29 ng/mL) compared with the control group (1.08 ng/mL) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Significantly higher serum MIF levels were found in patients with psoriasis. However, there was no gene polymorphism association
for genetic markers rs755622 or rs1007888 with psoriasis. Further studies in larger populations are warranted to elucidate the role of MIF
and its clinical effects.
To determine whether there was an increased prevalence of low serum cobalamin concentrations in elderly people.
Serum concentrations of cobalamin were measured in 202 elderly people.
In the elderly ...group, cobalamin concentrations less than 191 pg/mL were found in 79 subjects (39.1%) compared with 24.5% of 19–40 years old subjects (
n
=
527) and 29.7% of 41–64 years old subjects (
n
=
1100) (
p
<
0.001,
p
<
0.05, respectively). The serum cobalamin concentration in the 202 elderly group (262
±
201 pg/mL) was not significantly different than that of the 19–40 years old subjects (280
±
164 pg/mL) and 41–64 years old subjects (275
±
152 pg/mL). Anemia was seen in 5% of elderly subjects with cobalamin values <
191 pg/mL. Also macrocytosis was determined in 5 subjects (6.3%).
The prevalence of cobalamin deficiency was 39.1% in Afyonkarahisar elderly population. Many elderly people with low serum cobalamin concentration had not had hematological findings.
Abstract
Background. Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assays react with the non-(1-84) molecular form of PTH. This form behaves as a carboxy-terminal fragment and accumulates during renal failure. ...We wanted to examine the variation of iPTH levels between the more commonly used different immunoassay methods in hemodialysis patients. Methods. Our study was designed to compare three commercial second-generation immunoassays based on electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for intact PTH. The serum samples from 88 patients were collected and the iPTH concentrations measured. Results. The median iPTH (IRMA) concentration (99 pg/mL) was lower than both median iPTH (ECLIA) concentration (290.5 pg/ml; p < 0.001) and iPTH (EIA) concentration (369 pg/mL; p < 0.001). The Bland-Altman graphs, which are plots of the percentage differences between the two methods against their mean, suggested that the IRMA methods are not in agreement with the other methods. Conclusion. It would be useful to reduce the variability among the methods with the use of a more standardized calibrator and of the same specific antibodies that only recognize the active PTH molecule.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces an inflammatory response and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which affects the organs remote to the sites of I/R. The aim was to ...assess the hepatic changes after renal I/R injury.
Materials and methods. Twenty mice were subjected to either sham operation or varying degrees of renal I/R injury. Hepatic TNF-α levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyl levels were evaluated to show hepatic response to renal I/R injury.
Results. Hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were found to be increased significantly after 30 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion and remained elevated through 60 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion. Supporting the neutrophil recruitment, about 10-fold increase in MPO activity was detected after 30 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion. Antioxidant enzymes were detected to be decreased after 30 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion and reached to the minimum levels after 60 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion. Decreased levels of GSH and increased levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls after 60 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion supported the ROS-mediated biomolecular alterations.
Conclusions. A minumum of 30 min ischemia–1 h reperfusion is enough to elicit remote effects of renal I/R injury. Care should be taken to protect other organs remote from I/R sites especially during renal surgery.
We aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking on the histopathology and the oxidant-antioxidant status of lungs and to test the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the induced changes. Rabbits were ...exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) in a glass chamber for one hour daily for one month. An NAC control group was given intraperitoneal NAC only. CS + NAC rats were exposed to smoke and given intraperitoneal NAC. A control group was exposed to clean air only. At the end of one month, animals were sacrificed and lung tissues were examined histopathologically. Blood levels of protein sulfhydryls, carbonyls, prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Intraparenchymal vascular congestion and thrombosis, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, respiratory epithelial proliferation, number of macrophages in the alveolar and bronchial lumen, alveolar destruction, emphysematous changes and bronchoalveolar hemorrhage scores were significantly increased in rabbits exposed to CS compared with the control group. Protein sulfhydryls were significantly decreased; carbonyls, PGF(2alpha) and MDA levels were significantly increased in the smoke exposed rabbits. Administration of NAC to rabbits exposed to CS caused a reduction in the bronchoalveolar hemorrhage score and blood PGF(2alpha) levels. Other parameters were unaffected by NAC. Exposure to CS causes severe histopathological changes and negatively effects the oxidant-antioxidant status in the lungs of rabbits. A low daily dose of NAC has some ameliorative effects on histopathological changes and oxidant-antioxidant status of the lungs in smoke exposed rabbits.
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